scholarly journals North Andean origin and diversification of the largest ithomiine butterfly genus

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna Lisa De-Silva ◽  
Luísa L. Mota ◽  
Nicolas Chazot ◽  
Ricardo Mallarino ◽  
Karina L. Silva-Brandão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Geological History ◽  
Abiotic Conditions ◽  
Speciation Rate ◽  
Rate Of Evolution ◽  
The Andes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Taxonomic Changes ◽  
Dated Phylogeny ◽  
Terrestrial Biodiversity

The Neotropics harbour the most diverse flora and fauna on Earth. The Andes are a major centre of diversification and source of diversity for adjacent areas in plants and vertebrates, but studies on insects remain scarce, even though they constitute the largest fraction of terrestrial biodiversity. Here, we combine molecular and morphological characters to generate a dated phylogeny of the butterfly genus Pteronymia (Nymphalidae: Danainae), which we use to infer spatial, elevational and temporal diversification patterns. We first propose six taxonomic changes that raise the generic species total to 53, making Pteronymia the most diverse genus of the tribe Ithomiini. Our biogeographic reconstruction shows that Pteronymia originated in the Northern Andes, where it diversified extensively. Some lineages colonized lowlands and adjacent montane areas, but diversification here remained scarce. The recent colonization of lowland areas was reflected by an increase in the rate of evolution of species elevational ranges towards present. By contrast, speciation rate decelerated with time, with no extinction. The geological history of the Andes and adjacent regions have likely contributed to Pteronymia diversification by providing compartmentalized habitats and an array of biotic and abiotic conditions, and by limiting dispersal between some areas while promoting interchange across others.

Beyond Wallace: a new lineage of Chrysorthenches (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutoidea: Glyphipterigidae) reveals a journey tracking its host-plants, Podocarpus (Pinopsida: Podocarpaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 190 (2) ◽  
pp. 709-736
Author(s):  
Jae-Cheon Sohn ◽  
Shigeki Kobayashi ◽  
Yutaka Yoshiyasu
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Geological History ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Phylogeny

Abstract A northward trans-Wallacean radiation is demonstrated for Chrysorthenches, a member of the Orthenches group. Here we review Chrysorthenches and allied genera resulting in a generic transfer of Diathryptica callibrya to Chrysorthenches and two new congeners: C. muraseaeSohn & Kobayashisp. nov. from Japan and C. smaragdinaSohnsp. nov. from Thailand. We review morphological characters of Chrysorthenches and allied genera, and find polyphyly of Diathryptica and the association of the Orthenches-group with Glyphipterigidae. These findings were supported in a maximum likelihood phylogeny of DNA barcodes from ten yponomeutoids. We analysed 30 morphological characters for 12 species of Chrysorthenches, plus one outgroup, via a cladistic approach. The resulting cladogram redefined two pre-existing Chrysorthenches species-groups and identified one novel lineage: the C. callibrya species-group. We review the host associations between Chrysorthenches and Podocarpaceae, based on mapping the working phylogenies. Our review suggests that ancestral Chrysorthenches colonized Podocarpus and later shifted to other podocarp genera. Biogeographical patterns of Chrysorthenches show that they evolved long after the Podocarpaceae radiation. Disjunctive trans-Wallacean distribution of the C. callibrya species-group is possibly related to the tracking of their host-plants and the complicated geological history of the island-arc system connecting Australia and East Asia.

scholarly journals A new species of the catfish genus Cordylancistrus (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4329 (3) ◽  
pp. 256
Author(s):  
FRANCISCO PROVENZANO R. ◽  
NADIA MILANI ◽  
CARLOS ARDILA R.
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Caribbean Sea ◽  
Geological History ◽  
The Andes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magdalena River ◽  
A New Species

As a part of an assessment of loricariid catfishes inhabiting the Andes of Colombia, specimens belonging to an interesting new species were identified. The new species is described herein, and it is tentatively included in the genus Cordylancistrus. The new species can be easily distinguished among its congeners by the presence of a unique diagnostic character: a fleshy keel or excrescence, black or dark brown, over the posterior tip of supraoccipital. Specimens of the new species were captured in rivers of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and the Sierra de Perijá that drain to the Magdalena River Basin and Caribbean Sea. The occurrence of one species of Cordylancistrus in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta could have interesting biogeographic implications for hypotheses related to the geological history of northwestern corner of South America or to the dispersal or vicariance models used to explain biogeographical patterns of related species in Colombia. 

3. The Geological Relations of South Georgia

1914 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
J. W. Gregory
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
Geological History ◽  
The South ◽  
Northern Margin ◽  
South Georgia ◽  
The Andes ◽  
History Of

The special interest of the island of South Georgia depends on the evidence it promises as to the geological history of that part of the Southern Ocean which lies south of the South Atlantic. According to the well-known views of Professor Suess, South Georgia is on a continuation of the mountain line of the Andes, which at the southern end of South America bends eastward along the northern margin of Drake's Sea and continues 30° to the east, where it turns southward; it completes a great horseshoe-shaped course by passing through South Georgia and returning westward through the South Orkneys to Grahamland.

Morphological conservatism of the family Naticidae (Gastropoda) through time: potential causes and consequences

Paleobiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Neha Sharma ◽  
Subhronil Mondal ◽  
Shiladri S. Das ◽  
Kanishka Bose ◽  
Sandip Saha
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Shell Morphology ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
The Family ◽  
Mode Of Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
Taxonomic Changes ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Taxonomic status of several members of the family Naticidae is extremely vague because of its simple shell morphology. Conventional taxonomic classification schemes suggest that most of the morphological characters tend to be homoplastic and exhibit convergence. Such morphological convergence complicates naticid taxonomy and makes it difficult to understand the evolutionary history of this group; several unrelated taxa are often misidentified as naticids, thereby exaggerating the actual diversity of this group. Here, we employ a standard landmark-based approach to understand the pattern of morphological evolution of this family. Ordination methods such as principal components analysis and canonical variate analysis were used to create morphospaces, and disparity was quantified using variance and range. Our results reveal that when naticids are compared with their sister taxon, Ampullinidae, the two families show significant differences in their average shapes, despite their superficial resemblances. Among naticids, although the mean shapes of the individual subfamilies are different, overall, the family Naticidae has displayed extreme morphological conservatism from the Jurassic to the Holocene. Interestingly, this conservatism has been unaffected by taxonomic changes—neither the extinction of the subfamily Gyrodinae nor the appearance of the subfamily Sininae affected this morphological conservatism. Naticids have always shown strong ecological preference toward an infaunal mode of life and strict behavioral selectivity in handling and preying upon infaunal organisms, and this ecological and behavioral conservatism could have enabled them to diversify without undergoing a change in their basic Bauplan.

Historical biogeography of a Brazilian lineage of Tillandsioideae (subtribe Vrieseinae, Bromeliaceae): the Paranaean Sea hypothesized as the main vicariant event

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor M Kessous ◽  
Beatriz Neves ◽  
Dayvid R Couto ◽  
Bruno Paixão-Souza ◽  
Leandro C Pederneiras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ancestral State ◽  
Vicariant Event ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Recent Origin ◽  
Dna Sequence Markers ◽  
Neotropical Plants ◽  
Dated Phylogeny ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Subtribe Vrieseinae comprise four genera, Alcantarea, Stigmatodon, Vriesea s.s. and Waltillia, encompassing c. 20% of species in Tillandsioideae (Bromeliaceae), almost all of which are exclusive to Brazil. Here, we explore the biogeographic history of Vrieseinae, sampling 21 of the 22 genera of Tillandsioideae (130 terminals) and three DNA sequence markers (two plastid: rps16-trnK and matK; one nuclear: PHYC). We inferred a dated phylogeny and the ancestral areas of this lineage through RASP (reconstruct ancestral state in phylogeny) analyses. Vrieseinae were recovered as monophyletic, but tribe Vrieseeae (subtribe Vrieseinae + subtribe Cipuropsidinae) were not. A vicariant event between the Andes and Brazilian Shield probably occurred c. 10 Mya, when two clades, Cipuropsidineae + Tillandsieae and Vrieseineae, diverged. The Atlantic Forest plus the Chacoan region is recognized as the ancestral area for Vrieseinae. The results confirmed the recent origin of genera of Vrieseinae, with estimated crown ages in the Pliocene (5.3–2.6 Mya). We propose that the Paranaean Sea influenced the divergence of the main clades; Pleistocene events were probably responsible for the diversification of the most recent clades. This study sheds light on the biogeographic history of a key group of Neotropical plants, providing a new hypothesis for the evolution of bromeliads.

scholarly journals The cave crickets of the genus Dolichopoda from Evvia and Skyros islands: formal description of D. octhoniai and D. saraolacosi (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sotiris Alexiou ◽  
Claudio Di Russo ◽  
Mauro Rampini
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Formal Description ◽  
Geological History ◽  
The West ◽  
Aegean Area ◽  
Taxonomic Description ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Of Greece

Two species, <em>D. octhoniai</em> from Evvia and<em> D. saraolacosi</em> from Skyros island (Greece) are morphologically described. These two species were collected for the first time at the end of the ‘70s but they were recorded only as nomina nuda without any formal taxonomic description<em>. D. octhoniai</em> is very similar to the other Evvian species <em>D. makrikapa</em> and to<em> D. vandeli</em> and D<em>. petrochilosi</em> from Viotia and Attiki respectively, differing from them only by a few morphological characters. On the other hand<em> D. saraolacos</em>i is very different from all the other species of Central Greece and West Aegean showing some affinity only with the Attiki species <em>D</em>. <em>insignis</em> and with the South Evvian species<em> D. cassagnaui.</em> Relationships among the species inhabiting caves of this area of Greece are discussed in relation to the complex geological history of the West Aegean area and the adjacent mainland.

LATE QUATERNARY GEOLOGICAL HISTORY OF RIO GRANGE DO SUL COASTAL PLAIN, SOUTHERN BRAZIL

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUIZ JOSÉ TOMAZELLI ◽  
SÉRGIO REBELLO DILLENBURG ◽  
JORGE ALBERTO VILLWOCK
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Geological History ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
History Of

Rubiacearum Americanarum Magna Hama Pars XLV: More New Species and Taxonomic Changes in Palicourea (Rubiaceae, Palicoureeae) and Psychotria subg. Heteropsychotria

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-195
Author(s):  
Charlotte M. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Taxonomic Changes ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Taxonomic Studies

Psychotria subg. Heteropsychotria Steyerm. has been shown by morphological and molecular analyses to be polyphyletic. Most of its species, including its type, belong to Palicourea Aubl. (“Pal.”). Thirty-two species of this group are reviewed here, and 17 species in Psychotria L. are transferred to Palicourea and one to Rudgea Salisb. Two replacement names, Pal. agudeloana C. M. Taylor and Pal. tabayensis C. M. Taylor, are published. Taxonomic studies here clarify circumscriptions of similar, often-confused species for several distinctive species groups found variously in Mesoamerica and the Andes: the Palicourea aschersonianoides group, the Palicourea galeottiana group, the Palicourea sulphurea group, and the Palicourea tristis group. Three new species of Palicourea are described: Pal. aschersonianula C. M. Taylor, Pal. gonzaleziana C. M. Taylor, and Pal. wachterae C. M. Taylor. Nineteen names are newly typified, and infrageneric classifications are noted for the species of Palicourea studied.

Geoinformation Mapping Through the Types of Geological and Geomorphological Structure of the Katun Valley (Altay Mountains) Based on Morphometric Indicators

2018 ◽  
Vol 938 (8) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
S.A. Kotler ◽  
I.D. Zolnikov ◽  
D.V. Pchelnikov
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Morphometric Parameter ◽  
Geological History ◽  
Mountain Rivers ◽  
Quaternary Period ◽  
Modern Variety ◽  
Altay Mountains ◽  
History Of

The types of geological and geomorphological structure of the Katun valley are distinguished in the work. For this, a method of geoinformation mapping using morphometric indicators of the valley’s width and meandering of the channel was developed. The morphometric parameter of the valley’s width was calculated as the total area of terraces. As the morphometric parameters of the channel’s meandering, the angles of the river segments’ deviation relative to each other were calculated. Conjugated analysis of these morphometric indicators enabled identifying 18 morphotypes. These morphotypes according to the geological and geomorphological structure of the valley were combined into 4 classes. Separation of the Katun valley in certain classes and morphotypes is due to the different geological history of these sites during the Quaternary period. The most important reasons predetermining the modern variety of geological and geomorphological types of the valley are neotectonic movements and exogenous phenomena (glaciers, dam lakes, landslides, etc.) naturally localized in the space from the upstream of the river to its exit into the foothills. The developed method can be applied for quantitative morphometric classification of the mountain rivers’ valleys in other regions.

BORON ISOTOPES AS TRACERS OF THE TECTONIC ORIGIN AND GEOLOGICAL HISTORY OF SERPENTINITES IN SUBDUCTION AND SUTURE ZONES

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celine Martin ◽  
◽  
George E. Harlow ◽  
George E. Harlow ◽  
George E. Harlow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boron Isotopes ◽  
Geological History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tectonic Origin
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