scholarly journals Quantifying the efficacy of first aid treatments for burn injuries using mathematical modelling and in vivo porcine experiments

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J Simpson ◽  
Sean McInerney ◽  
Elliot J Carr ◽  
Leila Cuttle
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Threshold Temperature

AbstractFirst aid treatment of burn injuries reduces scarring and improves healing. Here, we quantify the efficacy of various first aid treatments by using a mathematical model to describe a suite of experimental data from a series of in vivo porcine experiments. We study a series of consistent burn injuries that are subject to first aid treatments that vary in both the temperature and duration of the first aid treatment. Calibrating the mathematical model to the experimental data provides estimates of the in vivo thermal diffusivity, the rate at which thermal energy is lost to the blood (perfusion), and the heat transfer coefficient controlling the loss of thermal energy at the interface of the fat and muscle layers. A limitation of working with in vivo animal experiments is the difficulty of resolving spatial variations in temperature across the tissues. Here, we use the solution of the calibrated mathematical model to predict and visualise the temperature distribution across the thickness of the tissue during the creation of the burn injury and the application of various first aid treatments. Using this information we propose, and report values for, a novel measure of the potential for tissue damage. This measure quantifies two important aspects that are thought to be related to thermal injury: (i) the volume of tissue that rises above the threshold temperature associated with the accumulation of tissue damage; and, (ii) the duration of time that the tissue remains above this threshold temperature. We conclude by discussing the clinical relevance of our findings.

scholarly journals Perception and Practice among Community People and Health Service Providers on Care and Management of Burn Injuries in Nepal: A Qualitative Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-319
Author(s):  
Santosh Bikram Bhandari ◽  
Sujit Kumar Sah ◽  
Khakindra Bahadur Bhandari ◽  
Jaswan Sakya ◽  
Laxmi Raj Pathak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Burn Care ◽  
Health Service Providers ◽  
Community People

Background: According to WHO, burns are a serious public health problem and the second most common cause for injury in rural Nepal, accounting for 5% of disabilities. The overall objective of the study is to assess the prevailing perception and practice among community people and health service providers on care and management of burn injuries in Nepal. Methods: This was a qualitative study conducted in 2016 representing all eco-development regions. A total of 40 key informants interviews with health personnel and 18 focus group discussions with the community people were conducted.Results: There are very limited dedicated burn care facilities in Nepal. During discussion, the service providers and community people mentioned that a burn injury can affect any one irrespective of their age and socioeconomic status. The study showed that females are at higher risk for burn injury which is associated mostly with wood fire cooking.The burn cases in the hospitals were more during winter than insummer season. Among all the ethnic groups, Dalit and indigenous population were found more vulnerable towards burn injuries. Intentional burn injuries such as self-inflicted burns/suicidal attemptwere found to occur more in females.The community people had a good practice of taking the majority ofpatients having burn injury immediately to the hospital,if not, they at least provided them with a first aid treatment. Conclusions: Majority of burn injured cases are getting first aid treatment at the incident places and taking hospital immediately. Main reasons, who reached late, are unaware about seeking services and financial constraint. Overall, the community people are partially aware about the burn injury.Keywords: Burn injuries; community practice; hospitals; incident and types.

scholarly journals Pre-hospital care in burn injury

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S15-S22
Author(s):  
Prabhat Shrivastava ◽  
Arun Goel
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Care ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Care Centre ◽  
Burn Care ◽  
Management Plans

ABSTRACTThe care provided to the victims of burn injury immediately after sustaining burns can largely affect the extent and depth of the wound. Although standard guidelines have been formulated by various burn associations, they are still not well known to public at large in our country. In burn injuries, most often, the bystanders are the first care providers. The swift implementation of the measures described in this article for first aid in thermal, chemical, electrical and inhalational injuries in the practical setting, within minutes of sustaining the burn, plays a vital role and can effectively reduce the morbidity and mortality to a great extent. In case of burn disasters, triage needs to be carried out promptly as per the defined protocols. Proper communication and transport from the scene of the accident to the primary care centre and onto the burn care facility greatly influences the execution of the management plans

The Practice of First Aid for Burn Injuries Among the Population of East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia for 2012–2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 905-907
Author(s):  
Sul Na Seow ◽  
Ahmad Sukari Halim ◽  
Wan Azman Wan Sulaiman ◽  
Arman Zaharil Mat Saad ◽  
Siti Fatimah Noor Mat Johar
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Soy Sauce ◽  
Retrospective Audit ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Burns are a devastating public health problem that result in 10 million disability-adjusted life-years lost in low- and middle-income countries. Adequate first aid for burn injuries reduces morbidity and mortality. The rate of proper first aid practices in other countries is 12% to 22%.1,2 A 5-year retrospective audit was performed on the database of the Burn Unit in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia for 2012–2016; this involved 485 patients from the east coast of Malaysia. The mean age of the patients is 17.3 years old. The audit on first aid practices for burn injury showed poor practice. Out of 485 burned patients, 261 patients (53.8%) claimed that they practiced first aid. However, only 24 out of 485 patients (5%) practiced the correct first aid technique where they run their burn wound under cool water for more than 20 minutes. Two hundred and twenty-two patients had not received any first aid. Two patients did not respond to the question on the first aid usage after burn injury. The mean age of patients who practiced first aid was 15.6 years old. Out of the 261 patients who practiced first aid, 167 (64%) run their wound under tap water for different durations. Others practiced traditional remedies such as the application of “Minyak Gamat” (6.5%), soy sauce (5.5%), other ointments (3.6%), milk (1.8%), and eggs (0.7%), as well as honey, butter, and cooking oil (0.4% each). First aid practices for burn injuries in the population of east coast Malaysia are still inadequate. The knowledge and awareness of school children and the general Malaysian population must be enhanced.

MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR HEAT DEPOSITION IN TISSUE DURING PHOTODYNAMICAL THERAPY

1996 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 261-276
Author(s):  
ALFRED ŠVARC ◽  
MISLAV JURIN ◽  
SUZANA BOROVIĆ ◽  
HRVOJE ZORC ◽  
MARKO DOKO
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Heat Deposition ◽  
Model Predictions

A mathematical model for the heat deposition in tissue during the exposition to the red light, essential for the phototherapy, is presented. The comparison of model predictions with in vivo experimental data for the normal CBA/HZgr mice hind leg tissue is done in order to illustrate the domain of confidence of the theoretical model. The highest usable power of the light source, and consequently the lowest phototherapy treatment time with no influence upon normal tissue is determined.

INFLUENCE OF INFRARED RADIATION ON THE HUMAN SKIN TEMPERATURE — EXPERIMENTAL DATA AND MODELING

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
pp. 1350025 ◽  
Author(s):  
BOGUSŁAW WIȨCEK ◽  
MARIA STŖAKOWSKA ◽  
GILBERT DE MEY ◽  
STANISŁAW MARZEC ◽  
WACŁAW WITTCHEN
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Infrared Radiation ◽  
Radiation Source ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Simple Mathematical Model ◽  
Noninvasive Technique ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Two Parameters

The temperature rise of the hand palm has been measured with infrared thermography under the influence of an external infrared radiation source. The temperature rises could be very well fitted to exponential function, so that the experimental data could be summarized with just two parameters: amplitude and time constant. A simple mathematical model has been set up to explain the experimentally observed phenomena. It was found that the blood perfusion is essential to explain the results. From our measurements, which is essentially a noninvasive technique, several parameters could be found, the numerical values of which, agree with data found in the literature.

551 Mixed Methods Assessment of Pediatric Scald Burns

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S115-S116
Author(s):  
Christine Lopez ◽  
Eileen M McDonald ◽  
Susan Ziegfield
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Medical Record ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Medical Record Review ◽  
Record Review

Abstract Introduction CDC estimated more than 87,000 fire/burn injuries in 2017 among children 0–15 years old. Scald burns are the most common form of burn injury for children in the United States and are estimated to cost $44 million annually. Understanding the circumstances surrounding burn incidents and caretakers’ responses to them are needed to better guide prevention and education offerings. Methods We used a mixed methods approach to better understand pediatric scald burn mechanisms along with caregivers’ general knowledge, first aid responses and ability to accurately report characteristics of their child’s injury. Caregivers of children < 15 year old attending a burn follow up clinic with their child were recruited. Participants completed a 39-item, iPad-based survey that captured information about the circumstances, location and cause of the scald burn, whether first aid was provided, and caregiver/child demographics. With permission of the caregiver, the child’s medical record was accessed to collect burn descriptors (e.g., burn severity, total body surface area (TBSA), etc) to compare with parent self-report. Data collection occurred between May 2018 - May 2019. The study was approved by our institutional review board. Results Surveys were completed by 55 parents; 75% agreed to medical record review. The typical respondent was the female caregiver (80%) with more than a high school education (67%). The typical burn incident occurred in the kitchen (60%) of the family’s home (80%) and in the presence of the caregiver (71%). Seventy percent of respondents reported applying first aid; among those, 50% administered the proper first aid (using cool water on the burn) despite most (44%) reporting feeling “not confident” in the ability to do so. More than half (53%) didnot know their child’s TBSA; of those who did, self-reported TBSA ranged from 1 to 50%. Medical record review revealed that only 5 participants accurately reported their child’s TBSA. Conclusions Our data reveal that most scald burns occurred in the kitchen, of the child’s home, and in the presence of a caretaker. Half received incorrect first aid and few parents could accurately report their child’s TBSA. These results support the need to strengthen primary prevention offerings and improve parents’ understanding of their child’s burn injury. Applicability of Research to Practice The results of this research can help guide education efforts for primary prevention programs related to pediatric scald burn injuries. Furthermore, results can guide education practices for caregivers of children being treated for a scald burn injury.

scholarly journals Modeling in vivo dynamics of RNA polymerase II meeting Nucleosomes

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Roozbeh Abedini-Nassab ◽  
Xu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Random Walk ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Radial Basis Function Network ◽  
Entry Site ◽  
Function Network ◽  
Good Agreement

Nucleosomes are shown to be barriers for RNA Polymerase II elongation along DNA, and their entry site behaves as the major obstacle. In this work, based on recent available in vivo data, we introduce a mathematical model for RNA Polymerase II reads. Moreover, as an alternative way, we use Radial Basis Function Network to predict RNA Polymerase II reads. Results of our models are in good agreement with experimental data. Furthermore, we introduce a random walk model which includes stalling, backtracking, and elongation phenomena. This model can predict and simulate the RNA Polymerase II trajectory on DNA, when it meets various nucleosomes.

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