scholarly journals Rehabilitation promotes the recovery of functional and structural features of healthy neuronal networks after stroke

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Letizia Allegra Mascaro ◽  
Emilia Conti ◽  
Stefano Lai ◽  
Antonino Paolo Di Giovanna ◽  
Cristina Spalletti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Networks ◽  
Neural Circuitry ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Cortical Motor ◽  
Rehabilitative Intervention ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Motor Maps ◽  
Synaptic Level

AbstractRehabilitation is the most effective treatment for promoting the recovery of motor deficits after stroke. Despite its importance, the processes associated with rehabilitative intervention are poorly understood. One of the most challenging experimental goals is to unambiguously link specific circuit changes induced by rehabilitation to improved behavior. Here, we investigate which facets of cortical remodeling are induced by rehabilitation by combining optical imaging and manipulation tools in a mouse model of stroke. We demonstrate the progressive restoration of cortical motor maps and of cortical activity in parallel with the reinforcement of inter-hemispheric connectivity after rehabilitation. Furthermore, we reveal that the increase in vascular density goes along with the stabilization of peri-infarct neural circuitry at synaptic level. The present work provides the first evidences that rehabilitation is sufficient to promote the combined recovery of distinct structural and functional features distinctive of healthy neuronal networks.

scholarly journals Rehabilitation promotes the recovery of structural and functional features of healthy neuronal networks after stroke

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Letizia Allegra Mascaro ◽  
Emilia Conti ◽  
Stefano Lai ◽  
Antonino Paolo Di Giovanna ◽  
Cristina Spalletti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Neuronal Networks ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Motor Representation ◽  
Spatial Features ◽  
Infarct Area ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

SummaryRehabilitation is the most effective treatment for promoting the recovery of motor deficits after stroke. One of the most challenging experimental goals is to unambiguously link brain rewiring to motor recovery prompted by rehabilitative therapy. Here, we investigated which aspects of cortical remodeling are induced by rehabilitation by combining optical imaging and manipulation tools in a mouse model of stroke. We revealed that the stabilization of peri-infarct synaptic contacts fostered by rehabilitation goes along with increased vascular density induced by angiogenesis. Furthermore, we showed the progressive formation of a new motor representation in the peri-infarct area where temporal and spatial features of cortical activation recovered towards pre-stroke condition. In the same animals we observed the reinforcement of inter-hemispheric connectivity after rehabilitation. The present work provides the first evidences that rehabilitation promotes the combined recovery of structural and functional features distinctive of healthy neuronal networks.

scholarly journals Structural features of the mesonephros of semianadromous fish on the example of the European smelt (Osmerus eperlanus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-102
Author(s):  
E. A. Flerova
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cells ◽  
General Scheme ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
The Body ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Hematopoietic Tissue ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Osmerus Eperlanus

At present, special attention is drawn to the study of the adaptation of aquatic organisms to a complex of environmental factors precisely at the cellular level. It is very important to study the structural and functional features of the kidney, which not only plays a key role in osmoregulation, but also makes a significant contribution to maintaining homeostasis at the level of functioning of a single nonspecific defense system of the body. In this aspect, the study of species belonging to a unique ancient group, united in the order salmoniformes, is highly relevant. Using the methods of light and electron microscopy, we investigated the morphology and ultrastructure of the mesonephros of the population of the semianadromous ecological form European smelt Osmerus eperlanus inhabiting the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea and performing spawning migrations in the Luga River of the Leningrad Region. The general scheme of the trunk kidney organization is given, the structural features and the ratio of leukocytes and structures of the smelt nephron are revealed. It is shown that the development of hematopoietic tissue in the mesonephros, the number of mature forms of granulocytes are systematic signs which do not depend on the ecology of the species. The ratio of leukocytes, the width of the cisterns of the rough endoplasmic reticulum of plasma cells, the structure and number of granules in granulocytes are associated with the peculiarities of the functioning of the cellular link of the immune system under certain conditions of the species habitat. The ultrafine structure of the ion-transporting interstitial cells, as well as the ultrastructural features found in the smelt nephron, can be considered cytological markers of smelt adaptation to a semianadromous lifestyle.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation: Cortical motor maps in acute spinal cord injury

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leopold J. Streletz ◽  
Jacqueline K. S. Belevich ◽  
Seth M. Jones ◽  
Anju Bhushan ◽  
Suken H. Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Acute Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cortical Motor ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Motor Maps

The Colon, Appendix, Rectum, and Anus

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel I. Chu ◽  
Margaret M Romine
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Surgery ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Vascular Anatomy ◽  
Lymphatic Drainage ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Functional Features

The colon, appendix, rectum, and anus have unique anatomic features, both structural and functional, that contribute to normal and pathologic states. Structural features discussed in this review include the layers of the intestinal wall, vascular anatomy, lymphatic drainage, and innervation. Functional features highlighted include the role(s) each organ plays in immunity, nutrient absorption, electrolyte secretion, water absorption, continence, and elimination of waste. A clear understanding of these structural and functional details is the foundation on which surgical techniques and treatment strategies are based when addressing surgical pathology. Key words: anus, appendix, colon, colorectal pathology, colorectal surgery, rectum

scholarly journals Combined Rehabilitation Promotes the Recovery of Structural and Functional Features of Healthy Neuronal Networks after Stroke

Cell Reports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (13) ◽  
pp. 3474-3485.e6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Letizia Allegra Mascaro ◽  
Emilia Conti ◽  
Stefano Lai ◽  
Antonino Paolo Di Giovanna ◽  
Cristina Spalletti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Networks ◽  
Functional Features

Neuronal networks and synaptic plasticity in Parkinson's disease: beyond motor deficits

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. S259-S262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Calabresi ◽  
Francesca Galletti ◽  
Emanuele Saggese ◽  
Veronica Ghiglieri ◽  
Barbara Picconi
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Neuronal Networks ◽  
Motor Deficits

scholarly journals LINGUOPRAGMATIC POTENTIAL OF PROPRIAL VOCABULARY IN MODERN MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (11(79)) ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
Valentyna Bebykh ◽  
Natalia Bytsko
Keyword(s):  
Proper Names ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Medical Terminology ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Evolutionary Processes ◽  
Ratio Data ◽  
Functional Features

The article deals with the dynamic and evolutionary processes of eponymous terms formation in medicine in the systems of English and Ukrainian languages. The aim of the work is to systematize medical propriatives on the basis of such defining features as denotative-characteristic, etymological-word-forming and functional features. Methods and techniques adopted in onomastics and stylistics were used, such as: textual and stylistic analysis, classification of onomastic material, structural, etymological and word-formation analysis, analysis of variants of names, synthesis and identification of patterns. The research focuses on lexical and semantic features and structural features of medical terms with an onymic component. The scientific research of domestic and foreign researchers on the presence or absence of a clear boundary between common and proper names is analyzed. The ways of origin of propriatives and ways of forming a layer of onymic medical vocabulary are outlined. Based on the samples of eponymous terms in accordance with the fields of medicine, in particular rheumatology and neurology, anatomy and clinical nomenclature, the characteristics of dynamic and evolutionary processes in each of the subsystems is presented: quantitative ratio data are given, ways and methods of formation are identified, the role and place of eponyms in medical phenomena and objects are determined, the structural features of these terminological units are described. Much attention is paid to the process of transforming proper names into common words. The processes of transition of proper names into common names, which occur in medical terminology, differences of propriatives and appellates in functions, properties, mechanism of development, essence and linguistic features, context, etymology and translation are studied.

scholarly journals CONSTITUTIVE EVALUATIVE CONCEPTS IN CRIMINAL LAW: CONCEPT, TYPES, FUNCTIONS, ESSENTIAL FEATURES

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-458
Author(s):  
D.R. Kasimov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Cognitive Meaning

The article provides a new classification of evaluative concepts enshrined in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, indicates the purpose of its existence in the doctrine of criminal law. The article describes the definition of constitutive evaluative concepts that are determined as legislatively vague evaluative concepts that, by their normative-essential and functionally-substantive characteristics, are absolute, necessarily alternative, or accompanying structural features of a crime. Through the prism of the features of constitutive evaluative concepts, their varieties, essential features and functions are distinguished; interpretation (including cognitive) meaning is revealed. Moreover, the interpretation features of these evaluative concepts are considered in two interdependent aspects: the structurally-essential (associated with the types, attributes and functions of constitutive evaluative concepts) and the procedural-substantive (associated with the informative and informative activities of the interpreter). It is indicated that the interpretation features of an structurally-essential nature are, firstly, in the composition and criminogenic properties of constitutive evaluative concepts, and secondly, in the semantic structural composition, indicating a meaningful dependence of the evaluative concept on the accompanying structural features of a crime, and thirdly, legally significant functional features. At the same time, interpretative features of a procedural-substantive order are also highlighted, which include, firstly, the need for a paramount definition of the criminogenic determinant, designed to establish the structural features of a crime in a perfect act, and secondly, in an increased degree of normative casuistic derivative of these evaluative concepts. The author comes to the conclusion that constitutive evaluative concepts are interpreted according to the same logical-linguistic and legal laws, but with some marked structurally meaningful features.

scholarly journals NeuroMeasure: A Software Package for Quantification of Cortical Motor Maps Using Frameless Stereotaxic Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. Gerber ◽  
Alasdair C. McLean ◽  
Samuel J. Stephen ◽  
Alex G. Chalco ◽  
Usman M. Arshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Cortical Motor ◽  
Motor Maps

The Colon, Appendix, Rectum, and Anus

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel I. Chu ◽  
Margaret M Romine
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Surgery ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Vascular Anatomy ◽  
Lymphatic Drainage ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Functional Features

The colon, appendix, rectum, and anus have unique anatomic features, both structural and functional, that contribute to normal and pathologic states. Structural features discussed in this review include the layers of the intestinal wall, vascular anatomy, lymphatic drainage, and innervation. Functional features highlighted include the role(s) each organ plays in immunity, nutrient absorption, electrolyte secretion, water absorption, continence, and elimination of waste. A clear understanding of these structural and functional details is the foundation on which surgical techniques and treatment strategies are based when addressing surgical pathology. This review contains 7 highly rendered figures, 3 tables, and 58 references. Key words: anus, appendix, colon, colorectal pathology, colorectal surgery, rectum

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