scholarly journals Hospitalizations associated with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza in children, including children having a diagnosis of asthma

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Goldstein ◽  
L. Finelli ◽  
A. O’Halloran ◽  
P. Liu ◽  
Z. Karaca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Asthma Diagnosis ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Us Children

AbstractBackgroundThere is uncertainty about the burden of hospitalization associated with RSV and influenza in children, including those with underlying medical conditions.MethodsWe applied previously developed methodology (Goldstein et al., Epidemiology 2012) to HealthCare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) hospitalization data and additional data related to asthma diagnosis/previous history in hospitalized children to estimate RSV and influenza-associated hospitalization rates in different subpopulations of US children between 2003-2010.ResultsThe estimated average annual rates (per 100,000 children) of RSV-associated hospitalization with a respiratory cause (ICD-9 codes 460-519) present anywhere in the discharge diagnosis were 2381 (95% CI(2252,2515)) in age <1y; 710.6(609.1,809.2) (age 1y); 395(327.7,462.4) (age 2y); 211.3(154.6,266.8) (age 3y); 111.1(62.4,160.1) (age 4y); 72.3(29.3,116.4) (ages 5-6y); 35.6(9.9,62.2) (ages 7-11y); and 39(17.5,60.6) (ages 12-17y).The corresponding rates of influenza-associated hospitalization were lower, ranging from 181(142.5,220.3) in age <1y to 17.9(11.7,24.2) in ages 12-17y. The relative risks for RSV-related hospitalization associated with a prior diagnosis of asthma in age groups under 5y ranged between 3.1(2.1,4.7) (age <1y) to 6.7(4.2,11.8) (age 2y); the corresponding risks for influenza-related hospitalization ranged from 2.8(2.1,4) (age <1y) to 4.9(3.8,6.4) (age 3y).ConclusionsRSV-associated hospitalization rates in young children are high and decline rapidly with age. Young children with an asthma diagnosis should be target groups for RSV and influenza-related mitigation efforts, possibly including RSV prophylaxis for the youngest children.

scholarly journals Human Metapneumovirus: Etiological Agent of Severe Acute Respiratory Infections in Hospitalized and Deceased Patients with a Negative Diagnosis of Influenza

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Gisela Barrera-Badillo ◽  
Beatriz Olivares-Flores ◽  
Adriana Ruiz-López ◽  
Miguel Ángel Fierro-Valdez ◽  
Rosaura Idania Gutiérrez-Vargas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Human Metapneumovirus ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is one of the four major viral pathogens associated with acute respiratory tract infections (ARI) and creates a substantial burden of disease, particularly in young children (<5 years) and older individuals (≥65 years). The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiological behavior of HMPV in Mexico. This retrospective study was conducted over a nine-year period and used 7283 influenza-negative respiratory samples from hospitalized and deceased patients who presented Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI). The samples were processed with the help of qualitative multiplex RT-PCR for simultaneous detection of 14 respiratory viruses (xTAG® RVP FAST v2). 40.8% of the samples were positive for respiratory viruses, mainly rhinovirus/enterovirus (47.6%), respiratory syncytial virus (15.9%), HMPV (11.1%) and parainfluenza virus (8.9%). Other respiratory viruses and co-infections accounted for 16.5%. HMPV infects all age groups, but the most affected group was infants between 29 days and 9 years of age (65.6%) and adults who are 40 years and older (25.7%). HMPV circulates every year from November to April, and the highest circulation was observed in late winter. The results of this study aim to raise awareness among clinicians about the high epidemiological impact of HMPV in young children and older individuals in order to reduce the economic burden in terms of health care costs.

scholarly journals On the relative role of different age groups during epidemics associated with the respiratory syncytial virus

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Goldstein ◽  
H. H. Nguyen ◽  
P. Liu ◽  
C. Viboud ◽  
C.A. Steiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
Contact Rates ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Using Data

AbstractBackgroundWhile RSV circulation results in high burden of hospitalization, particularly among infants, young children and the elderly, little is known about the role of different age groups in propagating annual RSV epidemics in the community.MethodsDuring a communicable disease outbreak, some subpopulations may play a disproportionate role during the outbreak's ascent due to increased susceptibility and/or contact rates. Such subpopulations can be identified by considering the proportion that cases in a subpopulation represent among all cases in the population occurring before (Bp) and after the epidemic peak (Ap) to calculate the subpopulation's relative risk, RR=Bp/Ap. We estimated RR for several age groups using data on RSV hospitalizations in the US between 2001-2012 from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP).ResultsChildren aged 3-4y and 5-6y each had the highest RR estimate for 5/11 seasons in the data, with RSV hospitalization rates in infants being generally higher during seasons when children aged 5-6y had the highest RR estimates. Children aged 2y had the highest RR estimate during one season. RR estimates in infants and individuals aged 11y and older were mostly lower than in children aged 1-10y.ConclusionsThe RR estimates suggest that preschool and young school-age children have the leading relative roles during RSV epidemics. We hope that those results will aid in the design of RSV vaccination policies.

scholarly journals Economic and disease burden of RSV-associated hospitalizations in young children in France, from 2010 through 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Demont ◽  
N. Petrica ◽  
I. Bardoulat ◽  
S. Duret ◽  
L. Watier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Preventive Strategies ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
French Hospital ◽  
French Hospital Database

Abstract Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the main cause of infant and child hospitalizations. The study objective is to estimate the RSV-associated hospitalizations and economic burden in young children in France to inform future preventive strategies. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of RSV-associated hospitalizations data from the French Hospital database (PMSI-MCO) which covers the entire French population. All children aged < 5 years hospitalized with RSV ICD-10 codes (J210, J219, J45, J121, J205, R062) from 2010 to 2018, were included. Descriptive analyses were conducted by RSV seasons (Oct to March), by respiratory years (July to June) and per age groups. Results On average 45,225 RSV-associated hospitalizations (range: 43,715 – 54,616) per season was reported in France, 69% among children < 1 year old. This represents 28% of all-cause hospitalizations that occurred among children < 1 year old, and less than 10% of all-cause hospitalizations in older children. Number of RSV-associated hospitalizations were similar for infants born during (Oct-March) or outside (April–September) their first RSV season. The highest risk being reported for infants born from September through November. The associated hospitalization cost increased between 2010 - 11 and 2017–18, from €93.2 million to €124.1 million, respectively, and infants < 1 year old represented 80% of the economic burden. Conclusion RSV is an important cause of child hospitalization in France. The burden on healthcare system is mainly driven by < 1 year olds, and preventive strategies should be implemented before the first RSV season.

scholarly journals Disease Burden Due to Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Indian Pediatric Population: A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 117955652110292
Author(s):  
Canna Ghia ◽  
Gautam Rambhad
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Indian Pediatric ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the leading causes of lower respiratory tract infections in young children. Globally, there is huge disease burden, high treatment cost, and health impact beyond acute episodes due to RSV which necessitate development and implementation of preventive strategies for the control of RSV infection. The disease burden due to RSV in pediatric population across India is still not clearly understood so this literature review was therefore conducted to gather data on disease burden due to RSV in Indian pediatric population. Systematic literature search was performed using PubMed and Google search with different medical subject headings from 2007 to 2020. Studies performed in Indian pediatric population were selected for review. Literature review revealed that in India, epidemiology of RSV infection is well documented in young children (0-5 years) as compared to children from other age groups. The rates of RSV detection in various studies conducted in younger children (0-5 years) vary from 2.1% to 62.4% in India which is higher as compared to children from other age groups. In India, RSV mainly peaks around rainy to early winter season, that is, during months of June through October while smaller peak was noted during December, January, and February. In 2020, higher RSV-associated disease burden was reported among children (<5 years) in low-income and lower-middle-income countries. Considering significant disease burden due to RSV in young Indian children, availability of RSV vaccine would be crucial to prevent RSV infections in children and its spread in the community.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of Etiology of Respiratory Virus Infections in Hospitalized Patients Depending on the Demographic, Socio-Economic Factors and Previous Vaccination

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Sominina ◽  
M. M. Pisareva ◽  
Zh. V. Buzitskaya ◽  
L. V. Osidak ◽  
V. F. Sukhovetskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Influenza Activity ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infections

Etiology of respiratory virus infections among 1699 hospitalized patients (HP) was determined by PCR during the period of increased influenza activity in 2012 - 2013 season. The rate of accidence of influenza virus in dependence of gender, age, social and demographic factors and previous vaccination was analysed. Young children dominated in the age structure of HP, while the elderly were hospitalized very rarely. According to results obtained rate of influenza detection in HP was significantly higher among adults in comparison with children (63,5 and 30,7% of investigated patients, correspondingly). Respiratory syncytial virus and rhinoviruses were detected the most regularly (8.7 and 3.1%, correspondingly) in children, parainfluenza and adenoviruses were registered rarely (1.4 and 2.1%, correspondingly). Rate of detection of coronaviruses and bocavirus was low and varied in the range 0.3 - 0.6%. Indicated above ARI agents among hospitalized adults were detected rarely (0 - 1.5%) with exception of RSV which was detected among elderly (75 - 84 years) in 5.9% cases. No metapneumovirus cases were detected among HP in indicated period. Although males dominated (58%) among HP influenza cases, regardless of the type/subtype, were registered more frequently among girls in comparison with the boys of the same age groups. Influenza cases were registered more frequenly as well among smoking than in not smoking patients. Young children dominated in the age structure of HP, while the elderly were hospitalized very rarely.

Blocking Is Sensitive to Causal Structure in 4-Year-Old and 8-Year-Old Children

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Beckers ◽  
Uschi Van den Broeck ◽  
Marij Renne ◽  
Stefaan Vandorpe ◽  
Jan De Houwer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Associative Learning ◽  
Learning Theory ◽  
Causal Structure ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Contingency Learning

Abstract. In a contingency learning task, 4-year-old and 8-year-old children had to predict the outcome displayed on the back of a card on the basis of cues presented on the front. The task was embedded in either a causal or a merely predictive scenario. Within this task, either a forward blocking or a backward blocking procedure was implemented. Blocking occurred in the causal but not in the predictive scenario. Moreover, blocking was affected by the scenario to the same extent in both age groups. The pattern of results was similar for forward and backward blocking. These results suggest that even young children are sensitive to the causal structure of a contingency learning task and that the occurrence of blocking in such a task defies an explanation in terms of associative learning theory.

Review of the Micronutrient Situation in Rwanda

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-154
Author(s):  
Joanne E. Arsenault ◽  
Deanna K. Olney
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Micronutrient Malnutrition ◽  
Context Specific

Background: Rwanda’s commitment to reducing malnutrition is evident in their multisectoral nutrition policy and wide array of nutrition partners. However, the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies and the suitability of current strategies to address existing deficiencies is unclear. Objective: To review the available evidence related to the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies across the life cycle and strategies in place to address them. Methods: We reviewed scientific and grey literature on nutritional problems in Rwanda, emphasizing micronutrient deficiencies and anemia, and current strategies to address micronutrient malnutrition. Results: Overall, there is scant evidence related to the types and prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies among populations across the life cycle in Rwanda. Existing evidence is primarily limited to outdated or small regional surveys focusing on iron or vitamin A among women and young children. Surveys have assessed the prevalence of anemia and indicate that anemia is very high among young children and moderately high among other age-groups. However, there are limited data on the context-specific causes of anemia in Rwanda across population groups. Current nutrition strategies mainly target women and young children and are primarily designed to reduce vitamin A deficiency and/or anemia caused by micronutrient deficiencies. Conclusions: Rwanda has many nutrition programs in place that address micronutrient deficiencies in young children and a few for women of reproductive age. However, gaps exist in knowledge of the extent of different types of micronutrient deficiencies among all populations across the life cycle and whether the delivery of nutrients through current programs is meeting actual needs.

scholarly journals 1719. Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Associated Hospitalization Rates among US Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S843-S843
Author(s):  
John M McLaughlin ◽  
Farid L Khan ◽  
Heinz-Josef Schmitt ◽  
Yasmeen Agosti ◽  
Luis Jodar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Active Surveillance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Administrative Claims ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Understanding the true magnitude of infant respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) burden is critical for determining the potential public-health benefit of RSV prevention strategies. Although global reviews of infant RSV burden exist, none have summarized data from the United States or evaluated how RSV burden estimates are influenced by variations in study design. Methods We performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of studies describing RSV-associated hospitalization rates among US infants. We also examined the impact of key study characteristics on these estimates. Results After review of 3058 articles through January 2020, we identified 25 studies with 31 unique estimates of RSV-associated hospitalization rates. Among US infants &lt; 1 year of age, annual rates ranged from 8.4 to 40.8 per 1000 with a pooled rate= 19.4 (95%CI= 17.9–20.9). Study type was associated with RSV hospitalization rates (P =.003), with active surveillance studies having pooled rates per 1000 (11.1; 95%CI: 9.8–12.3) that were half that of studies based on administrative claims (21.4; 95%CI: 19.5–23.3) or modeling approaches (23.2; 95%CI: 20.2–26.2). Conclusion Applying the pooled rates identified in our review to the 2020 US birth cohort suggests that 73,680 to 86,020 RSV-associated infant hospitalizations occur each year. To date, public-health officials have used conservative estimates from active surveillance as the basis for defining US infant RSV burden. The full range of RSV-associated hospitalization rates identified in our review better characterizes the true RSV burden in infants and can better inform future evaluations of RSV prevention strategies. Disclosures John M. McLaughlin, PhD, Pfizer (Employee, Shareholder) Farid L. Khan, MPH, Pfizer (Employee, Shareholder) Heinz-Josef Schmitt, MD, Pfizer (Employee, Shareholder) Yasmeen Agosti, MD, Pfizer (Employee, Shareholder) Luis Jodar, PhD, Pfizer (Employee, Shareholder) Eric Simões, MD, Pfizer (Consultant, Research Grant or Support) David L. Swerdlow, MD, Pfizer (Employee, Shareholder)

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