The fecal microbiome in diverticulitis and asymptomatic diverticulosis: A case-control study in the US

ObjectiveThe intestinal microbiota are hypothesized to play a role in the pathogenesis of diverticulitis. We compared fecal microbial communities in individuals with diverticulitis to those with uncomplicated diverticulosis.MethodsWe used 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing to assess and compare the microbiota composition of fecal samples from 10 patients presenting with acute diverticulitis (cases) and 10 controls with asymptomatic diverticulosis matched on age and sex.ResultsWe found differences in the distribution of relative abundances of bacterial phyla and genera in diverticulitis cases versus diverticulosis controls. At the phyla level, Verrucomicrobia was more abundant on average in diverticulitis cases at the time of diagnosis than in diverticulosis controls (p=0.07). Univariate analysis identified a significant increase in the genera Coriobacteria (p=0.050), Anaerotruncus (0.046), Subdoliganulum (p=0.034), Marvinabryantia (p=0.006), and Akkermansia (p=0.04), and a decrease in Barnesiella (p=0.035) and Coprococcus (p=0.035) in diverticulitis cases at the time of diagnosis compared to diverticulosis controls. However, after correction for multiple comparisons, these differences were no longer significant. Partial least squares discriminant analysis on all microbial genera showed partial separation of diverticulitis cases at diagnosis and diverticulosis controls. The microbial alpha diversity was higher in diverticulitis cases at time of diagnosis vs controls but this was not significant (Shannon diversity index 7.4±0.6 vs 6.8±0.7, p=0.08).ConclusionsIndividuals with diverticulitis differ from those with asymptomatic diverticulosis based on components of the fecal microbiome.

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Risk factors for suicidal tendency in people with epilepsy in China: a case–control study

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-81870-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mintao Lin ◽

Jiani Chen ◽

Sisi Li ◽

Yingjie Qin ◽

Xuruan Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Low Income ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Case Control ◽

Conditional Inference ◽

Suicidal Tendency ◽

Patients With Epilepsy ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Control Study

AbstractPeople with epilepsy (PWE) have an increased suicide prevalence. This study aimed to identify the risk factors for suicidal tendency among PWE in West China. A nested case–control study was designed in a cohort of patients with epilepsy (n = 2087). In total, 28 variates were calculated. In the univariate analysis, unemployment, low income, seizure frequency, seizure-free time, infectious or structural etiology, levetiracetam or phenobarbital use, anxiety, depression, and stigma were associated with suicidal tendency. A multivariate analysis indicated that unemployment (odds ratio [OR] 5.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.13–15.48), levetiracetam use (OR 2.80, 95%CI 1.11–7.05), depression (C-NDDI-E score ≥ 13; OR 3.21, 95%CI 1.26–8.21), and stigma (SSCI score ≥ 16; OR 6.67, 95%CI 1.80–24.69) were independently associated with suicidal tendency. Conditional inference tree analysis indicated that SSCI and C-NDDI-E scores could effectively identify patients with suicidal tendency. Thus, this study suggests that unemployment, levetiracetam use, depression, and stigma are independent risk factors for suicidal tendency in PWE in China.

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Inflammatory bowel disease in sub-Saharan Africa: a protocol of a prospective registry with a nested case–control study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039456 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. e039456

Author(s):

Leolin Katsidzira ◽

Wisdom F Mudombi ◽

Rudo Makunike-Mutasa ◽

Bahtiyar Yilmaz ◽

Annika Blank ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Case Control ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Control Study

IntroductionThe epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in sub-Saharan Africa is poorly documented. We have started a registry to determine the burden, phenotype, risk factors, disease course and outcomes of IBD in Zimbabwe.Methods and analysisA prospective observational registry with a nested case–control study has been established at a tertiary hospital in Harare, Zimbabwe. The registry is recruiting confirmed IBD cases from the hospital, and other facilities throughout Zimbabwe. Demographic and clinical data are obtained at baseline, 6 months and annually. Two age and sex-matched non-IBD controls per case are recruited—a sibling or second-degree relative, and a randomly selected individual from the same neighbourhood. Cases and controls are interviewed for potential risk factors of IBD, and dietary intake using a food frequency questionnaire. Stool is collected for 16S rRNA-based microbiota profiling, and along with germline DNA from peripheral blood, is being biobanked. The estimated sample size is 86 cases and 172 controls, and the overall registry is anticipated to run for at least 5 years. Descriptive statistics will be used to describe the demographic and phenotypic characteristics of IBD, and incidence and prevalence will be estimated for Harare. Risk factors for IBD will be analysed using conditional logistic regression. For microbial analysis, alpha diversity and beta diversity will be compared between cases and controls, and between IBD phenotypes. Mann-Whitney U tests for alpha diversity and Adonis (Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance) for beta diversity will be computed.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from the Parirenyatwa Hospital’s and University of Zimbabwe’s research ethics committee and the Medical Research Council of Zimbabwe. Findings will be discussed with patients, and the Zimbabwean Ministry of Health. Results will be presented at scientific meetings, published in peer reviewed journals, and on social media.Trial registration numberNCT04178408.

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172. Risk Factors for 30-Day Mortality in Patients with Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia at a Community Hospital: A Prospective Case–Control Study

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofz360.247 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. S109-S110

Author(s):

Charles Hoffmann ◽

Gordon Watkins ◽

Patrick DeSimone ◽

Peter Hallisey ◽

David Hutchinson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Community Hospital ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Case Control ◽

Blood Cultures ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia ◽

Initial Blood ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) is associated with 30-day all-cause mortality rates approaching 20–30%. The purpose of this case–control study was to evaluate risk factors for 30-day mortality in patients with SAB at a community hospital. Methods As part of an antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) initiative mandating Infectious Diseases consultation for episodes of SAB, our ASP prospectively monitored all cases of SAB at a 341-bed community hospital in Jefferson Hills, PA from April 2017–February 2019. Cases included patients with 30-day mortality from the initial positive blood culture. Only the first episode of SAB was included; patients were excluded if a treatment plan was not established (e.g., left against medical advice). Patient demographics, comorbidities, laboratory results, and clinical management of SAB were evaluated. Inferential statistics were used to analyze risk factors associated with 30-day mortality. Results 100 patients with SAB were included; 18 (18%) experienced 30-day mortality. Cases were older (median age 76.5 vs. 64 years, P < 0.001), more likely to be located in the intensive care unit (ICU) at time of ASP review (55.6% vs. 30.5%, P = 0.043), and less likely to have initial blood cultures obtained in the emergency department (ED) (38.9% vs. 80.5%, P < 0.001). Variables associated with significantly higher odds for 30-day mortality in univariate analysis: older age, location in ICU at time of ASP review, initial blood cultures obtained at a location other than the ED, and total Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Variables with P < 0.2 on univariate analysis were analyzed via multivariate logistic regression (Table 1). Conclusion Results show that bacteremia due to MRSA and total CCI were not significantly associated with 30-day mortality in SAB, whereas older age was identified as a risk factor. Patients with initial blood cultures obtained at a location other than the ED were at increased odds for 30-day mortality on univariate analysis, which may raise concern for delayed diagnosis. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Incorrect sleeping position and eye rubbing in patients with unilateral or highly asymmetric keratoconus: a case-control study

Graefe s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology ◽

10.1007/s00417-020-04771-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 258 (11) ◽

pp. 2431-2439

Author(s):

Adrien Mazharian ◽

Christophe Panthier ◽

Romain Courtin ◽

Camille Jung ◽

Radhika Rampat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Control Study ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Case Control ◽

Sleeping Position ◽

History Of ◽

Sleeping Habits ◽

Univariate Analyses ◽

Red Eyes ◽

Control Study

Abstract Purpose To evaluate eye rubbing and sleeping position in patients with Unilateral or Highly Asymmetric Keratoconus (UHAKC). Methods Case-control study of consecutive UHAKC patients diagnosed at the Rothschild Foundation. Controls were age- and sex-matched, randomly selected refractive surgery clinic patients. Patients self-administered questionnaires regarding their family history of keratoconus, eye rubbing, and sleeping habits. All the eyes underwent a comprehensive ocular examination. Logistic regression was used to analyze univariate and multivariate data to identify risk factors for keratoconus. Results Thirty-three UHAKC patients and 64 controls were included. Univariate analyses showed that daytime eye rubbing [OR = 172.78], in the morning [OR = 24.3], or in eyes with the steepest keratometry [OR = 21.7] were significantly different between groups. Allergy [OR = 2.94], red eyes in the morning [OR = 6.36], and sleeping on stomach/sides [OR = 14.31] or on the same side as the steepest keratometry [OR = 94.72] were also significantly different. The multivariate model also showed statistical significance for most factors including daytime eye rubbing [OR = 134.96], in the morning [OR = 24.86], in the steepest eye [OR = 27.56], and sleeping on stomach/sides [OR = 65.02] or on the steepest side [OR = 144.02]. A univariate analysis in UHAKC group, comparing the worse and better eye, showed that eye rubbing [OR = 162.14] and sleeping position [OR = 99.74] were significantly (p < 0.001) associated with the worse eye. Conclusion Our data suggests that vigorous eye rubbing and incorrect sleeping position are associated with UHAKC. This is especially true in rubbing the most afflicted eye, and contributory sleep position, including positions placing pressure on the eye with the steepest keratometry.

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Importance of potentially inappropriate medications, number of chronic conditions and medications for the risk of hospitalisation in elderly in Sweden: a case–control study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029477 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. e029477 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kristine Thorell ◽

Patrik Midlöv ◽

Johan Fastbom ◽

Anders Halling

Keyword(s):

Chronic Conditions ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Case Control ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Potentially Inappropriate Medications ◽

Full Model ◽

Inappropriate Medications ◽

Control Study

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the importance of potentially inappropriate medications, number of medications and chronic conditions for the risk of hospitalisation among an elderly population.DesignThis is a case–control study.SettingPopulation-based study in 2013 of all individuals aged 75 years and older (17 203) in the county of Blekinge in the southeast of Sweden.ParticipantsA total of 2941 individuals were included who had at least one hospitalisation to a medical, geriatric and palliative, or orthopaedic ward during 2013. From this total, 81 were excluded because of incomplete data or absence of controls. In total, 5720 patients were included and formed 2860 risk sets matched on age and gender.Primary and secondary outcome measuresConditional logistic regression was used to analyse the odds for hospitalisation according to use of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM), number of chronic conditions and medicines using univariate and multivariate models. PIM was defined as long-acting benzodiazepines, tramadol, propiomazine and medicines with anticholinergic effect.ResultsThe univariate analysis for use of PIM showed a significant association with hospitalisation (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.30 to 1.83). For the number of chronic conditions, the OR was increased and was significant from two or more chronic conditions, and for the number of medicines from the use of five or more medicines, in the univariate analysis. Use of PIM has no association with hospitalisation in the full model. The number of chronic conditions and medicines in the full models continued to have strong associations for hospitalisation, from five to seven chronic conditions (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.49 to 2.33) and use of five to nine medicines (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.77) at the same time.ConclusionThe number of chronic conditions and medications are important for the odds of hospitalisation, while the use of PIM, according to the definition used in this study, was no significant in the full model.

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Acute Diverticulitis: High Mortality in Patients Undergoing Delayed Surgery: A Case-control Study

The American Journal of Gastroenterology ◽

10.14309/00000434-201010001-00389 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 105 ◽

pp. S143

Author(s):

Mohsen Elramah ◽

Aboud Affi ◽

Jonathan Horwitz ◽

Michael Einstein ◽

Mohamed Omballi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Mortality ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Acute Diverticulitis ◽

Case Control ◽

Delayed Surgery ◽

Control Study

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Dysbiotic Fecal Microbiome in HIV-1 Infected Individuals in Ghana

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fcimb.2021.646467 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Prince Kofi Parbie ◽

Taketoshi Mizutani ◽

Aya Ishizaka ◽

Ai Kawana-Tachikawa ◽

Lucky Ronald Runtuwene ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Disorders ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

West African ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Fecal Microbiome ◽

African Populations ◽

And Gender ◽

Sex With Men ◽

Hiv 1 ◽

Control Study

HIV-1 infected individuals under antiretroviral therapy can control viremia but often develop non-AIDS diseases such as cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Gut microbiome dysbiosis has been indicated to be associated with progression of these diseases. Analyses of gut/fecal microbiome in individual regions are important for our understanding of pathogenesis in HIV-1 infections. However, data on gut/fecal microbiome has not yet been accumulated in West Africa. In the present study, we examined fecal microbiome compositions in HIV-1 infected adults in Ghana, where approximately two-thirds of infected adults are females. In a cross-sectional case-control study, age- and gender-matched HIV-1 infected adults (HIV+; n = 55) and seronegative controls (HIV-; n = 55) were enrolled. Alpha diversity of fecal microbiome in HIV+ was significantly reduced compared to HIV- and associated with CD4 counts. HIV+ showed reduction in varieties of bacteria including Faecalibacterium, the most abundant in seronegative controls, but enrichment of Proteobacteria. Ghanaian HIV+ exhibited enrichment of Dorea and Blautia; bacteria groups whose depletion has been reported in HIV-1 infected individuals in several other cohorts. Furthermore, HIV+ in our cohort exhibited a depletion of Prevotella, a genus whose enrichment has recently been shown in men having sex with men (MSM) regardless of HIV-1 status. The present study revealed the characteristics of dysbiotic fecal microbiome in HIV-1 infected adults in Ghana, a representative of West African populations.

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Clinical and Laboratory Predictors of Mortality in Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection in A Tertiary Care Center of Central Kerala, India - A Case control Study

Caspian Journal of Health Research ◽

10.32598/cjhr.6.4.400.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 111-120

Author(s):

Priyanka Rajmohan ◽

◽

Anil Kumar Chellappan pillai Chellappan pillai Rajamma ◽

Mimtha Ayiravelil Mohanan ◽

Ponnu Jose ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Serum Creatinine ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Case Control ◽

Hospital Death ◽

Predictors Of Mortality ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression ◽

Control Study

Background: Since various studies indicate differences in the case fatality rate of SARS-CoV-2 in different settings, it is vital to elucidate the clinical and laboratory parameters. This would be helpful in identifying individuals who are susceptible to adverse outcomes, thereby targeting essential health interventions to resource poor settings. This study aimed to determine the clinical and laboratory predictors of mortality due to COVID-19. Materials & Methods: In this case control study, we included 162 adult inpatients who died due to COVID-19 from May 2020 to February 2021, as cases (n=81) and those discharged as controls (n=81). Demographic, clinical, treatment, and laboratory data was extracted from medical records and electronic database and compared between survivors and non-survivors. Univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression methods were used to identify the risk factors associated with in-hospital death. Results: Comorbidities were present among 82 (50.6%) participants. Hypertension was the most common comorbidity 99(61.1%) followed by diabetes mellitus 92 (56.8%) and coronary artery disease 55(34%). Multivariable logistic regression model showed that cardiovascular disease (OR=5.80, 95%CI: 1.09–47.55, P=0.011), decreased oxygen saturation (OR=33.68, 95%CI: 2.81–403.80, P=0.006), elevated CRP (OR=1.16, 95%CI: 1.01–1.32, P=0.026), and serum creatinine (OR=3.26, 95%CI: 1.02–11.55, P=0.047) were the significant predictors of mortality. Conclusion: This study found that comorbidities such as CAD, elevated serum creatinine, elevated inflammatory markers, and decreased O2 saturation were independent predictors of mortality among COVID-19 patients.

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Salivary Microbiota Is Significantly Less Diverse in Patients with Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria Compared to Healthy Controls: Preliminary Results

Life ◽

10.3390/life11121329 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 1329

Author(s):

Diana Ćesić ◽

Liborija Lugović-Mihić ◽

Iva Ferček ◽

Ana Gverić Grginić ◽

Marko Jelić ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Ribosomal Rna ◽

Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Rflp Analysis ◽

Shannon Index ◽

Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Salivary Microbiota ◽

Control Study

Background: Because of the important role in regulating the immune system, increasing evidence suggests a possible implication of gut microbiota in Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). Although the oral cavity is the first site of contact between microbiota and the immune system, the association between salivary microbiota and CSU has not yet been reported. Objective: This case-control study aimed to compare differences in salivary microbiota between CSU patients and healthy controls (HC). Twenty-three participants—13 patients with CSU and 10 HC were enrolled; salivary microbiota was determined by molecular approach targeting 16S ribosomal RNA. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis was performed. Results: Alpha diversity of salivary microbiota in CSU patients was significantly reduced compared to HC, resulting in alteration of the community composition. Species richness determined via the Shannon index was significantly reduced in the CSU group. Conclusion: Dysbiosis of salivary microbiota may contribute to a dysregulated immune system in the development of CSU. To our knowledge, this was the first study that reported an alteration in salivary microbiota composition in CSU patients.

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Sistem informasi geografis dalam pemetaan angka kematian ibu di Kabupaten Kebumen

Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat ◽

10.22146/bkm.37713 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Ivan Tinarbudi Gavinov ◽

Mutiara Nabilah

Keyword(s):

Maternal Mortality ◽

Travel Time ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Important Indicator ◽

Descriptive Research ◽

Quantitative Descriptive ◽

Control Study

Maternal mortality rate (MMR) has become an important indicator of public health status. MMR describes the number of women who died from a cause of death related to a pregnancy disorder or their treatment (excluding accidents or incidental cases) during pregnancy, childbirth and in the puerperium (42 days after delivery) without taking into account the length of pregnancy per 100,000 live births. Maternal Mortality Cases in Kebumen District from 2012-2016 can be seen that there has been an increase in the last two years ie 2015 and 2016. The latest data of 2016 was recorded at 80.01 Per 100,000 Birth of Life (KH). As for the target RPJMD is 49 per 100,000 KH which means the number of achievements Kebumen still far from the expected target. Analysis of the distribution of existing cases is already in the form of mapping but only at the point of the kecamatan. This type of research used quantitative descriptive research with the design of a case-control study. The sample for this study is 32 respondents were 16 case respondents and 16 respondents control. Data analysis method with spatial analysis, univariate and bivariate analyzes with logistic regretion test with 95% confidence level. Univariate Analysis were 16 case respondents and 16 respondents control. Based on bivariate analysis indicated that independent variables were have relationship with dependent variable that is the distance of house to puskesmas (p = 0,000) and travel time to puskesmas (p = 0,000). Another factor that influences is the existing road conditions in Kebumen. After the research on respondents, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between the distance and travel time with the incidence of maternal mortality in Kebumen.

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