scholarly journals Poor glycemic control and associated factors among diabetic patients in Ethiopia; A Systemic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berhane Fseha Teklehaimanot ◽  
Abadi kidanemariam Berhe ◽  
Gebrehiwot Gebremariam Welearegawi
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Optimum Level

AbstractIntroductionThe major global public health problems now days are diabetes especially the burden is high in low income countries including Ethiopia due to the limited resource for screening and early diagnosis of the diabetes. To prevent diabetic complications including organ damage and micro vascular complications blood glucose level should be maintained at an optimum level. However there was no pooled national picture on poor glycemic control and its associated factors.MethodsDifferent data base searching engine including PubMed, Google scholar, the Cochrane library, MEDLINE,, HINARY and African journal online (AJOL) were used. The Joanna Briggs Critical Appraisal Tools and Newcastle Ottawa scale for assessing the quality of cross sectional studies were used for quality assessment. The meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 14 software. I2 statistic and egger weighted regression were used to assess heterogeneity and publication bias.ResultsA total of 134 studies were identified from different database searching engines and other sources. After removing for duplication, absence of abstract and review of the full text 12 studies were including in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of poor glycemic control among diabetic patients in Ethiopia is 64.72% with 95% confidence interval 63.16-66.28%. The sub group analysis of poor glycemic control among diabetic patients in different region of the country shows consistent and high prevalence of poor glycemic control ranging from 62.5% in Tigray region to 65.6% in Oromia region of the country. Residence, dyslipidemia and diet adherence were significantly association with poor glycemic control among diabetic patients in Ethiopia.ConclusionThe prevalence of poor glycemic control among diabetic patients was high in Ethiopia and consistent across different regions of the country. The most important factors associated with poor glycemic factor among diabetic patients were being rural residence, having dyslipidemia and not adhering to dietary plan.

scholarly journals Prevalence of pneumonia and its associated factors among under five children in East Africa. Meta-analysis and systemic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biruk Beletew Abate ◽  
Melaku Getahun Bimrew ◽  
Ayelign Mengesha Kasie ◽  
Mesfin Kassaw Wudu ◽  
Molla Azmeraw
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
The Impact ◽  
National Prevalence

Abstract Introduction Pneumonia is defined as an acute inflammation of the Lungs’ parenchymal structure. It is a major public health problem and the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in under-five children especially in developing countries. In 2015, it was estimated that about 102 million cases of pneumonia occurred in under-five children, of which 0.7 million were end up with death. Different primary studies in Eastern Africa showed the burden of pneumonia. However, inconsistency among those studies was seen and no review has been conducted to report the amalgamated magnitude and associated factors. Therefore, this review aimed to estimate the national prevalence and associated factors of neonatal sepsis in Eastern Africa. Objective The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the magnitude of pneumonia and its associated factors among under-five children in East Africa. Methods Using PRISMA guideline, we systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed studies that examined the prevalence and associated factors of pneumonia from PubMed, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar. Heterogeneity across the studies was evaluated using the Q and the I 2 test. A weighted inverse variance random-effects model was applied to estimate the national prevalence and the effect size of associated factors. The subgroup analysis was conducted by country, study design, and year of publication. A funnel plot and Egger’s regression test were used to see publication bias. Sensitivity analysis was also done to identify the impact of studies. Result A total of 34 studies with 87, 984 participants were used for analysis. The pooled prevalence of hypothermia in East Africa was 34% (95%CI; 23.80–44.21). Use of wood as fuel source (AOR= 1.53; 95%CI:1.30-1.77; I 2 = 0.0% ;P=0.465), cook food in living room (AOR= 1.47;95%CI:1.16-1.79; I 2 = 0.0% ;P=0.58), caring of a child on mother during cooking (AOR= 3.26; 95%CI:1.80-4.72; I 2 = 22.5% ;P=0.26), Being unvaccinated (AOR= 2.41; 95%CI:2.00-2.81; I 2 = 51.4% ;P=0.055), Child history of ARTI(AOR= 2.62; 95%CI:1.68-3.56; I 2 = 11.7% ;P=0.337) were identified factors of pneumonia. Conclusions The prevalence of pneumonia in Eastern Africa remains high. This review will help policy-makers and program officers to design pneumonia preventive interventions.

scholarly journals Rate of glycemic control and associated factors among type two diabetes mellitus patients in Ethiopia: A cross sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251506
Author(s):  
Shambel Nigussie ◽  
Nigussie Birhan ◽  
Firehiwot Amare ◽  
Getnet Mengistu ◽  
Fuad Adem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective To assess the rate of glycemic control and associated factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Dilchora Referral Hospital, Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from 13 May to 16 August 2019. Type 2 diabetic patients on follow up at Dilchora Referral Hospital who fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the study were included. Systematic random sampling was used to select study participants. Data was collected by a face-to-face interview and review of medical records. The primary outcome was the level of blood glucose during three consecutive visits. Poor glycemic control was defined as a blood sugar level of more than 154 mg/dL based on the average of measurements from three consecutive visits. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify determinants of glycemic control. Result A total of 394 participants responded to the interview and were included in the final analysis. The overall prevalence of poor glycemic control was 45.2% (95%CI: 40.6%-50.0%). Patients who were on oral anti-diabetic drug plus insulin had more than two times greater chance of poor glycemic control than patients on oral anti-diabetic drug alone: 2.177(95%CI:1.10–4.29). The odds of poor glycemic control in patients who did not understand the pharmacist’s instructions was two times higher than patients with good understanding of instructions 1.86(95%CI: 1.10–3.13). Patients who had poor level of practice were found to have poor glycemic control: 1.69(95% CI: 1.13–2.55). Conclusion The overall prevalence of poor glycemic control was high among type 2 diabetes patients. Oral anti-diabetic drugs in combination with insulin, lack of understanding of pharmacist’s advice, and poor practice of diabetic patients were significant factors of poor glycemic control. Pharmacists should reassure the understanding of patients before discharge during counseling. Optimization of the dose of antidiabetic medications and combination of oral hypoglycemic agents should be considered.

scholarly journals A Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Prokinetic Agents against Glycemic Control

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeon-Ji Kim ◽  
Woo Chul Chung ◽  
Seung Jae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Prokinetic Agents ◽  
Gi Symptoms

Background. Prokinetic agents are used in diabetic gastroparesis patients to improve gastric emptying and upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. However, the efficacy of prokinetic agents against glycemic control is questionable. Therefore, we conducted a systemic review and meta-analysis to determine the efficacy of prokinetic agents against glycemic control. Methods. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of prokinetics were identified by searching PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases until April 2018. The primary outcome was changes in the mean value of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood sugar (FBS), and fasting serum insulin (FINS). The pooled standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by evaluating the strength of the association. We used the random effect models to analyze these markers. The effects of each component of the prokinetic agents on glycemic control were separately analyzed. Results. Five RCTs with 190 patients met the criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. There were statistically significant SMD between prokinetics and placebo-controlled groups with respect to the reduction of HbA1c (-1.141, 95% CI -1.843, -0.438; P<0.01). No statistically significant differences were noted between the two groups for FBS (-1.270, 95% CI -2.613, -0.074; P=0.06) and FINS (0.359, 95% CI -1.205~1.923; P=0.65). Conclusions. Prokinetics have a positive effect on glycemic control. Further large-scale prospective studies are needed.

Anxiety and Poor Glycemic Control: A Meta-Analytic Review of the Literature

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan J. Anderson ◽  
Allison B. Grigsby ◽  
Kenneth E. Freedland ◽  
Mary De Groot ◽  
Janet B. McGill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Collective Data ◽  
Diagnostic Interviews ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: To determine whether anxiety is associated with poor glycemic control in adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Method: MEDLINE, PubMed, and PsycINFO databases were used to locate studies that measured the association of anxiety with glycemic control. Meta-analytic procedures were used to convert the findings to a common metric, compute effect sizes (ES), and statistically analyze the collective data. Results: The search procedures identified 12 studies, 11 (92 percent) of which satisfied the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. In this overall group, anxiety was not associated with glycemic control ( p = 0.19), although the ES was marginally statistically significant (ES = .09, 95 percent CI = 0.04 to 0.14). In studies that determined anxiety from diagnostic interviews, anxiety was associated with hyperglycemia ( p = 0.003) and the ES was also statistically significant (ES: 0.25, 95 percent CI = 0.10 to 0.38). Conclusions: The existing literature suggests that anxiety disorders are associated with hyperglycemia in diabetic patients. Additional studies are required to confirm the magnitude of the relationship, to elucidate moderating and causal factors, and to determine whether successful treatment of anxiety improves glycemic control.

scholarly journals The Effects of Exenatide Once Weekly (EXQW) and Exenatide Twice a Day (EXBID) on Beta-Cell Function in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jie Wang ◽  
Xinye Jin ◽  
Ping An ◽  
Songyan Yu ◽  
Yiming Mu
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Antidiabetic Agents ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

Background. In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and poor glycemic control receiving metformin (MET), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are recommended as the adjunctive therapy. However, there are only a few studies involving the comparative effects of exenatide twice a day (EXBID) and exenatide once weekly (EXQW) on HOMA-β. This meta assessed the comparative effects of EXQW and EXBID on HOMA-β among T2DM patients. Materials and Methods. PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases were searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Network meta-analysis was performed, and network diagrams were constructed to evaluate the effects. The primary outcome is HOMA-β, and the secondary outcomes are fasting blood glycose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and weight loss. Results. A total of 8 studies with 3506 subjects were included. Compared with other antidiabetic agents, EXQW has a greater improvement in HOMA-β than EXBID (weight mean difference WMD=‐0.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) [-0.64, -0.28], P=0.001). The effect of EXQW on HbA1c is superior to that of sitagliptin (SITA) (WMD=0.51, 95% CI [0.03, 0.99], P=0.037). The significant reduction of weight was detected for EXBID in comparison with EXQW (WMD=‐0.73, 95% CI [-1.13, -0.33], P=0.001), and no significant difference was found between EXQW and MET. Conclusions. EXQW shows a greater improvement in HOMA-β than EXBID. Moreover, the efficacy of EXQW on glycemic control is similar to other antidiabetic agents including EXBID. It is an advisable treatment for diabetic patients to improve HOMA-β and has an advantage of fewer number of injections compared with EXBID, to increase patients’ adherence and quality of life.

scholarly journals Erectile dysfunction and associated factors among diabetic patients at, Hawassa, Southern, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maradona Zeleke ◽  
Dejene Hailu ◽  
Deresse Daka
Keyword(s):  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Diabetes Diagnosis ◽  
Drinking Alcohol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Patients

Abstract Background Erectile dysfunction is an inability to initiate and have a persistent erection firm enough to have satisfying sexual intercourse. The prevalence of erectile dysfunction in diabetic men is considerably high, but it is often underdiagnosed and under-managed. Objective This study aimed to determine erectile dysfunction and associated factors among diabetic patients at, Hawassa, Southern, Ethiopia. Methods The institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 352 adult male diabetic patients randomly selected from Adare general and Hawassa comprehensive specialized hospitals using a simple random sampling technique. The number of patients to be selected from each hospital was proportionally assigned based on the total population of diabetes mellitus patients following chronic care during the study period. The descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regressions (bivariate and multivariate analysis) were carried out. Result The prevalence of erectile dysfunction was 72.2% (95%CI, 1.76–3.68). After adjusting all factors, old age, diabetes duration, drinking alcohol, and poor glycemic control had shown significant association with erectile dysfunction. Conclusion The occurrence of erectile dysfunction in this study community is very high. Drinking alcohol, poor glycemic control, age, and duration of diabetes were predictors of erectile dysfunction in this study area. Assessment and management of erectile dysfunction in the diabetic clinic should be part of routine medical care during follow-up visits with diabetic patients. Healthcare providers should emphasize screening and treating older patients and those who have had a diabetes diagnosis for a longer duration.

scholarly journals Level of Glycemic Control and Its Associated Factors among Type II Diabetic Patients in Debre Tabor General Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Dietary Adherence ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Debre Tabor ◽  
History Of

Introduction: Poor glycemic control is the major risk factor for the development of acute and chronic diabetes complications. There are limited studies on the level of glycemic control among diabetes and its associated factors. So, the aim of this study was to assess the level of glycemic control and its associated factors among type II DM patients in Debre Tabor General Hospital.Methods: An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted from November 1-30, 2017on 413 diabetic patients who were selected by systematic random sampling. The three months average fasting blood glucose was used to determine glycemic control. Regressions were fitted to identify associated factors. P-value <0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Results: A total of 398 study participants were participated in the study with a response rate of 96.4%. Among 398 type II DM patients, 284 (71.4%) had poor glycemic control. patient’s educational status (AOR= 3.0, 95%CI (1.5, 5.7), (AOR= 4.5, 95%CI (1.8, 10.9), and (AOR= 5.7, 95% CI (2.9, 11.2)))), family history of DM (AOR= 2.3, 95%CI (1.4, 3.9)), Duration of DM since diagnosis (AOR= 0.3, 95% CI (0.1, 0.9)), and Dietary adherence(AOR= 2.4, 95% CI (1.4, 4.1)) were associated factors of glycemic control.Conclusion: Poor glycemic control was high. Educational status, family history of DM, duration of DM, and dietary adherence were independent predictors of glycemic control. Appropriate attention should be given for glycemic control especially for patients with a longer duration. Health promotion should be cross-cutting intervention for DM patients about medical recommendations.

scholarly journals Prevalence of pneumonia and its associated factors among under five children in East Africa. Meta-analysis and systemic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biruk Beletew ◽  
Melaku Getahun Bimrew ◽  
Ayelign Mengesha Kasie ◽  
Mesfin Kassaw Wudu ◽  
Molla Azmeraw
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
The Impact ◽  
National Prevalence

Abstract Background: Pneumonia is defined as an acute inflammation of the Lungs’ parenchymal structure. It is a major public health problem and the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in under-five children especially in developing countries. In 2015, it was estimated that about 102 million cases of pneumonia occurred in under-five children, of which 0.7 million were end up with death. Different primary studies in Eastern Africa showed the burden of pneumonia. However, inconsistency among those studies was seen and no review has been conducted to report the amalgamated magnitude and associated factors. Therefore, this review aimed to estimate the national prevalence and associated factors of neonatal sepsis in Eastern Africa.Objective: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the magnitude of pneumonia and its associated factors among under-five children in East Africa.Methods: Using PRISMA guideline, we systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed studies that examined the prevalence and associated factors of pneumonia from PubMed, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar. Heterogeneity across the studies was evaluated using the Q and the I2 test. A weighted inverse variance random-effects model was applied to estimate the national prevalence and the effect size of associated factors. The subgroup analysis was conducted by country, study design, and year of publication. A funnel plot and Egger’s regression test were used to see publication bias. Sensitivity analysis was also done to identify the impact of studies.Result: A total of 34 studies with 87, 984 participants were used for analysis. The pooled prevalence of hypothermia in East Africa was 34% (95%CI; 23.80–44.21). Use of wood as fuel source (AOR= 1.53; 95%CI:1.30-1.77; I2= 0.0% ;P=0.465), cook food in living room (AOR= 1.47;95%CI:1.16-1.79; I2= 0.0% ;P=0.58), caring of a child on mother during cooking (AOR= 3.26; 95%CI:1.80-4.72; I2= 22.5% ;P=0.26), Being unvaccinated (AOR= 2.41; 95%CI:2.00-2.81; I2= 51.4% ;P=0.055), Child history of ARTI(AOR= 2.62; 95%CI:1.68-3.56; I2= 11.7% ;P=0.337) were identified factors of pneumonia.Conclusions: The prevalence of pneumonia in Eastern Africa remains high. This review will help policy-makers and program officers to design pneumonia preventive interventions.

scholarly journals Associated factors of poor glycemic control in Iranian diabetic patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 372-378
Author(s):  
Sorayya Doustmohamadian ◽  
Naeim Sadat Kia ◽  
Sepideh Fatahi ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients

Characteristics of monitored diabetic patients by glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (05) ◽  
pp. 4563
Author(s):  
Tariq A. Zafar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Hba1c Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Impact

Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) test indicates the blood glucose levels for the previous two to three months. Using HbA1c test may overcome many of the practical issues and prevent infections such as urinary tract infections (UTIs). The study aimed to evaluate the impact of glycemic control using HbA1c test to understand patient characteristics and UTIs prevalence. Glycemic control was evaluated by measuring HbA1c for a total of 208 diabetes patients who were regularly attending diabetes center in Al-Noor specialist hospital in Makkah.  The results showed that good and moderate glycemic controlled patients were 14.9% and 16.9% respectively while the poor glycemic patients were 68.3%. Among the good improved glycemic control, 83.9% were females, 48.4% were from age group (15-44y). Among the moderately improved glycemic control, 68.4% were females, 54.3% were from age group (45-64 y) with no significant difference. The total number of the patients with positive UTIs was 55 (26.4%) while the total number of patients with negative was UTIs 153 (73.6%). Among the positive UTIs, 76.3% were with poor glycemic control while only 12.3% and 11% were moderate and good improved glycemic control respectively. Among the negative UTIs, 65.3% were with poor glycemic control while only 19% and 15.7% were with moderate and good improved glycemic control respectively.  Prevalence of UTIs among diabetic patients was not significant (p > 0.05). It was concluded that HbA1c was useful monitoring tool for diabetes mellitus and may lead to improved outcomes. Using a HbA1c test may overcome many of the practical issues that affect the blood glucose tests.

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