Linked dimensions of psychopathology and connectivity in functional brain networks

ABSTRACTNeurobiological abnormalities associated with psychiatric disorders do not map well to existing diagnostic categories. High co-morbidity and overlapping symptom domains suggest dimensional circuit-level abnormalities that cut across clinical diagnoses. Here we sought to identify brain-based dimensions of psychopathology using multivariate sparse canonical correlation analysis (sCCA) in a sample of 663 youths imaged as part of the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort. This analysis revealed highly correlated patterns of functional connectivity and psychiatric symptoms. We found that four dimensions of psychopathology — mood, psychosis, fear, and externalizing behavior — were highly associated (r=0.68-0.71) with distinct patterns of functional dysconnectivity. Loss of network segregation between the default mode network and executive networks (e.g. fronto-parietal and salience) emerged as a common feature across all dimensions. Connectivity patterns linked to mood and psychosis became more prominent with development, and significant sex differences were present for connectivity patterns related to mood and fear. Critically, findings replicated in an independent dataset (n=336). These results delineate connectivity-guided dimensions of psychopathology that cut across traditional diagnostic categories, which could serve as a foundation for developing network-based biomarkers in psychiatry.

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Dimensions of neuroses seen in primary-care settings

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291700025022 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 461-470 ◽

Cited By ~ 108

Author(s):

D. P. Goldberg ◽

K. Bridges ◽

P. Duncan–Jones ◽

D. Grayson

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Latent Trait ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Symptom Dimensions ◽

Symptoms Of Depression ◽

Primary Care Settings ◽

Severe Manifestation ◽

The Common ◽

Highly Correlated

SynopsisThis study uses methods of latent trait analysis to examine the relationships between psychiatric symptoms that constitute the common psychiatric disorders encountered in primary-care settings. Two highly correlated symptom dimensions of anxiety and depression are shown to underlie these disorders. Neurovegetative sysmptoms of depression are shown to be on the same dimension as psychic symptoms of depression, but to represent a more severe manifestation of depression.

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Culturally Sensitive Assessment of Anxious-Depressive Distress in Vietnam: Avoiding Category Truncation

Transcultural Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/1363461518764500 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 384-404 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Devon E. Hinton ◽

Amie Alley Pollack ◽

Bahr Weiss ◽

Lam T. Trung

Keyword(s):

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Strongly Correlated ◽

General Survey ◽

General Anxiety Disorder ◽

General Anxiety ◽

Study Results ◽

Standing Up ◽

Patient Health ◽

Highly Correlated

The present study investigated what complaints are prominent in psychologically distressed Vietnamese in Vietnam beyond standard symptoms assessed by Western diagnostic instruments for anxiety and depression. To form the initial Vietnamese Symptom and Cultural Syndrome Addendum (VN SSA), we reviewed the literature, consulted experts, and conducted focus groups. The preliminary VN SSA was then used in a general survey (N = 1004) of five provinces in Vietnam. We found that the VN SSA items were highly and significantly correlated with a measure of anxious-depressive psychopathology (a composite measure of the General Anxiety Disorder-7; Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale; and Patient Health Questionnaire-9). The VN SSA item most highly correlated to anxious-depressive psychopathology was “thinking a lot” ( r = .54), reported by 15.8% of the sample. Many other symptoms in the addendum also were prominent, such as orthostatic dizziness (i.e., dizziness upon standing up; r = .41), reported by 22.9% of the sample. By way of comparison, somatic complaints more typically assessed to profile Western anxious-depressive distress, such as palpitations, were less prominent, as evidenced by being less strongly correlated to Western psychiatric symptoms and being less frequent (e.g., palpitations: r = .31, 7.1% of the sample). Study results suggest that to avoid category truncation when profiling anxious-depressive distress among Vietnamese that items other than those in standard psychopathology measures should also be assessed.

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Evaluation of Environmental and Economic Integrated Benefits of Photovoltaic Poverty Alleviation Technology in the Sanjiangyuan Region of Qinghai Province

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su132313236 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (23) ◽

pp. 13236

Author(s):

Rui Meng ◽

Lirong Zhang ◽

Hongkuan Zang ◽

Shichao Jin

Keyword(s):

Poverty Alleviation ◽

Decisive Role ◽

Environmental Conservation ◽

Natural Ecosystem ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Environmental Capacity ◽

Qinghai Province ◽

Four Dimensions ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

Key Indicators

Low-carbon energy technology is the most fundamental way to control carbon emissions. The Sanjiangyuan region in Qinghai Province must put environmental conservation in first place during development, because of its important function of national ecological protection. The comprehensive benefits of photovoltaic technology in this area need to be evaluated. In this paper, a new multicriteria decision model (MCDM) is established, with the four dimensions of “environment-society-economy-population”, and 16 specific indicators are developed by combining the coupling coordination degree (CCD) and the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method. MCDM can contribute to screening out key indicators that should be of high concern. The evaluation results show that the four dimensions of “environment-society-economy-population” in the Sanjiangyuan region are highly correlated, and the PPAT is creating a coordinated development; the elements of population and environment play a decisive role in the comprehensive benefits based on five key indicators and three indicative indicators. The paper provides suggestions for the local government to further implement the PV poverty alleviation industry, under the condition that the natural environmental capacity of the region and the natural ecosystem are fully respected and undisturbed.

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Psychiatric co- morbidity among learning-disabled children

QJM ◽

10.1093/qjmed/hcaa047.002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

R A Alnne ◽

A A Azzam ◽

M S Shadi ◽

S R El-sady ◽

E I Aboelella

Keyword(s):

Behavioral Problems ◽

Externalizing Behavior ◽

Reading Disabilities ◽

Learning Disabled ◽

Management Plan ◽

Attention Problems ◽

Assessment Protocol ◽

Optimal Outcomes ◽

Emotional Outcomes ◽

Co Morbidity

Abstract Background Despite a strong reciprocal association between dyslexia and behavioral problems in children, their co-occurrence is often under-recognized and under-treated resulting in less than optimal outcomes in all areas including academic emotional outcomes. Aim of the Work The primary goal of this study was to identify the co-morbid behavioral problems in dyslexic children and delineate its types to minimize its burden on dyslexic children; in order to design a better management plan. Patients and Methods This study was conducted on 62 dyslexic children between the ages of 6 to 10.5 years, belonging to different socioeconomic standards. They were subjected to the Learning Disabilities assessment protocol (including Modified Arabic Dyslexia Screening Teat , MADST )of the Phoniatrics Unit, Ain Shams University also they were subjected to the Arabic version of the Childhood Behavior Checklist (CBCL) which was conducted at the Psychiatric Unit, Ain Shams University. Results Reading disabilities was positively correlated with total behavioral problems, internalizing behavioral problems, anxiety, depression, social and attention problems, while there was no significant association with somatic, thoughts problems and externalizing behavior (aggression and rule breaking behavior). Conclusion this study showed that reading disabilities is associated with behavioral problems, which may affect the efficiency of there habilitation program

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Medical mimics: Differential diagnostic considerations for psychiatric symptoms

Mental Health Clinician ◽

10.9740/mhc.2016.11.289 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 289-296 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jerry McKee ◽

Nancy Brahm

Keyword(s):

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Age Of Onset ◽

Medical Condition ◽

Clinical Situation ◽

Symptom Presentation ◽

Psychiatric Symptomatology ◽

Statistical Manual ◽

Diagnostic Categories ◽

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽

Underlying Medical Condition

Abstract Patients with underlying medical disease can present to the health care system with psychiatric symptoms predominating. Identification of an underlying medical condition masquerading as a psychiatric disorder can be challenging for clinicians, especially in patients with an existing psychiatric condition. The term medical mimic or secondary psychosis has been used to describe this clinical situation. Diagnostic categories from The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, that may encompass medical mimics include substance-induced disorders, which includes medications, and unspecified mental disorder due to another medical condition in situations where the clinician may lack needed information for a complete diagnosis. At this time, there is no single diagnostic test or procedure available to differentiate primary versus secondary psychosis on the basis of psychopathology presentation alone. When considering a diagnosis, clinicians should evaluate for the presence of atypical features uncharacteristic of the psychiatric symptoms observed; this may include changes in functionality and/or age of onset and symptom presentation severity. The purpose of this work is to provide a structured clinical framework for evaluation for medical mimics, identify groups considered to be at highest risk for medical mimics, and present common syndromic features suggestive of a medical mimic. Selected case scenarios are used to illustrate key concepts for evaluating and assessing a patient presenting with acute psychiatric symptomatology to improve judgment in ruling out potential medical causality.

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HIGHLIGHTS IN THIS ISSUE

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291702009716 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 32 (7) ◽

pp. 1143-1143

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Genetic Epidemiology ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Common Mental Disorder ◽

Genetic Research ◽

Genetic Effects ◽

Research Activity ◽

Genetic Elements ◽

Epidemiological Surveys ◽

Co Morbidity

This issue features groups of papers on genetics, the distributional nature of the milder disorder featuring most prominently in community surveys, diagnostic co-morbidity, neuropsychological and related aspects of schizophrenia.The first group of papers come from genetic epidemiology, all from twin studies. Agrawal et al. (pp. 1155–1164) examine genetic and environmental origins of detailed aspects of social support. They find evidence for genetic elements in almost all aspects, with some smaller differences between males and females. Wichers et al. (pp. 1165–1174) report effects of pregnancy and birth complications and genetic elements on childhood behaviour problems. They find one specific complication, being of lower birth weight for gestational age, associated with problem behaviour, and an interaction with genetic effects, such that these are weaker in the presence of low birth weight. Johnson et al. (pp. 1175–1185) examine the heritability of depression measured on a symptom scale in Danish twins. They find genetic effects, which do not vary with age over a wide span from 45 to over 95. An accompanying editorial (pp. 1145–1148) looks at the future of genetic epidemiology in a time of accelerating molecular genetic research activity.Epidemiological surveys frequently measure so-called common mental disorder, psychiatric symptoms in a milder range which may not necessarily fit defined criteria for specific disorders. Melzer et al. (pp. 1195–1201) using this kind of data from a community survey, find a continuous single distribution with no natural cut-off point. Brugha (pp. 1149–1154) in an accompanying editorial discusses the implications of such a dimensional approach and its relation to diagnosis.

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Multiplex core–periphery organization of the human connectome

Journal of The Royal Society Interface ◽

10.1098/rsif.2018.0514 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (146) ◽

pp. 20180514 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Federico Battiston ◽

Jeremy Guillon ◽

Mario Chavez ◽

Vito Latora ◽

Fabrizio De Vico Fallani

Keyword(s):

General Framework ◽

Brain Networks ◽

Fundamental Question ◽

Brain Functioning ◽

Functional Brain ◽

Functional Interactions ◽

The Core ◽

Connectivity Patterns ◽

Functional Brain Networks

What is the core of the human brain is a fundamental question that has been mainly addressed by studying the anatomical connections between differently specialized areas, thus neglecting the possible contributions from their functional interactions. While many methods are available to identify the core of a network when connections between nodes are all of the same type, a principled approach to define the core when multiple types of connectivity are allowed is still lacking. Here, we introduce a general framework to define and extract the core–periphery structure of multi-layer networks by explicitly taking into account the connectivity patterns at each layer. We first validate our algorithm on synthetic networks of different size and density, and with tunable overlap between the cores at different layers. We then use our method to merge information from structural and functional brain networks, obtaining in this way an integrated description of the core of the human connectome. Results confirm the role of the main known cortical and subcortical hubs, but also suggest the presence of new areas in the sensori-motor cortex that are crucial for intrinsic brain functioning. Taken together these findings provide fresh evidence on a fundamental question in modern neuroscience and offer new opportunities to explore the mesoscale properties of multimodal brain networks.

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Characterizing a psychiatric symptom dimension related to deficits in goal-directed control

eLife ◽

10.7554/elife.11305 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

Cited By ~ 174

Author(s):

Claire M Gillan ◽

Michal Kosinski ◽

Robert Whelan ◽

Elizabeth A Phelps ◽

Nathaniel D Daw

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Compulsive Behavior ◽

Neurocognitive Performance ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Diagnostic Categories ◽

Symptom Dimension ◽

Compulsive Behaviors

Prominent theories suggest that compulsive behaviors, characteristic of obsessive-compulsive disorder and addiction, are driven by shared deficits in goal-directed control, which confers vulnerability for developing rigid habits. However, recent studies have shown that deficient goal-directed control accompanies several disorders, including those without an obvious compulsive element. Reasoning that this lack of clinical specificity might reflect broader issues with psychiatric diagnostic categories, we investigated whether a dimensional approach would better delineate the clinical manifestations of goal-directed deficits. Using large-scale online assessment of psychiatric symptoms and neurocognitive performance in two independent general-population samples, we found that deficits in goal-directed control were most strongly associated with a symptom dimension comprising compulsive behavior and intrusive thought. This association was highly specific when compared to other non-compulsive aspects of psychopathology. These data showcase a powerful new methodology and highlight the potential of a dimensional, biologically-grounded approach to psychiatry research.

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The Migraine-Anxiety Comorbidity Among Migraineurs: A Systematic Review

Frontiers in Neurology ◽

10.3389/fneur.2020.613372 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Leila Karimi ◽

Tissa Wijeratne ◽

Sheila Gillard Crewther ◽

Andrew E. Evans ◽

Deena Ebaid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Anxiety Disorders ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Medical Practitioner ◽

Population Based ◽

Small Sample ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical Practitioners ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

Cross Sectional Studies

Background: Migraine is recognized as a neurological condition that is often associated with comorbid psychiatric symptoms such as anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder and/or panic disorder. Though some studies have demonstrated the link between migraine and anxiety disorders, there are no systematic reviews that have been published in this area to summarize the evidence. The aim of the present study is to systematically review the literature associated with comorbidity of migraine and anxiety disorders among migraineurs compared to non-migraineurs.Methods: The present systematic review included population-based, cohort and cross-sectional studies if they were reporting the frequency of migraine with either anxiety or depression as diagnosed by a medical practitioner according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-2/3).Results: Eight eligible studies from 2060 relevant citations were included in the review. All participants were migraine patients from both primary care and outpatient settings, as well as tertiary headache and anxiety centers, and were compared to non-migraineurs. The results of the systematic review showed that there is a strong and consistent relationship between migraine and anxiety. The co-morbidity of co-occurrence for migraine and anxiety has an average OR of 2.33 (2.20–2.47) among the prevalence and cross sectional studies and an average RR of 1.63 (1.37–1.93) for two cohort studies; The major limitations of included studies were small sample sizes and a lack of adjusting of confounding factors.Conclusion: The results highlight the need for inclusion of an anxiety screening tool during initial assessments of migraine patients by medical practitioners and/or physicians and may explain why some anxiolytic medications work better than others for migraine mitigation.

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Individual-specific functional connectivity of the amygdala: A substrate for precision psychiatry

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1910842117 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 117 (7) ◽

pp. 3808-3818 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Chad M. Sylvester ◽

Qiongru Yu ◽

A. Benjamin Srivastava ◽

Scott Marek ◽

Annie Zheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Connectivity ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

The Other ◽

Fmri Data ◽

Independent Group ◽

Network Organization ◽

Functional Brain ◽

Psychiatric Illnesses ◽

Functional Brain Networks ◽

The Brain

The amygdala is central to the pathophysiology of many psychiatric illnesses. An imprecise understanding of how the amygdala fits into the larger network organization of the human brain, however, limits our ability to create models of dysfunction in individual patients to guide personalized treatment. Therefore, we investigated the position of the amygdala and its functional subdivisions within the network organization of the brain in 10 highly sampled individuals (5 h of fMRI data per person). We characterized three functional subdivisions within the amygdala of each individual. We discovered that one subdivision is preferentially correlated with the default mode network; a second is preferentially correlated with the dorsal attention and fronto-parietal networks; and third subdivision does not have any networks to which it is preferentially correlated relative to the other two subdivisions. All three subdivisions are positively correlated with ventral attention and somatomotor networks and negatively correlated with salience and cingulo-opercular networks. These observations were replicated in an independent group dataset of 120 individuals. We also found substantial across-subject variation in the distribution and magnitude of amygdala functional connectivity with the cerebral cortex that related to individual differences in the stereotactic locations both of amygdala subdivisions and of cortical functional brain networks. Finally, using lag analyses, we found consistent temporal ordering of fMRI signals in the cortex relative to amygdala subdivisions. Altogether, this work provides a detailed framework of amygdala–cortical interactions that can be used as a foundation for models relating aberrations in amygdala connectivity to psychiatric symptoms in individual patients.

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