scholarly journals A Combined Evidence Approach to Prioritize Nipah Virus Inhibitors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishi Kumari ◽  
Ayush Upadhyay ◽  
Kishan Kalia ◽  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
Kanika Tuteja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Nipah Virus ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Nanomolar Range

AbstractBackgroundNipah Virus (NiV) came into limelight recently due to an outbreak in Kerala, India. NiV causes severe disease and death in people with over 75% case fatality rate. It is a public health concern and has the potential to become a global pandemic. Lack of treatment has forced the containment methods to be restricted to isolation and surveillance. WHO’s ‘R&D Blueprint list of priority diseases’ (2018) indicates that there is an urgent need for accelerated research & development for addressing NiV.Materials & MethodsIn the quest for druglike NiV inhibitors (NVIs) a thorough literature search followed by systematic data curation was conducted. Rigorous data analysis was done with curated NVIs for prioritizing druglike compounds. For the same, more than 1800 descriptors of NVIs were computed and comparative analysis was performed with the FDA approved small molecules and antivirals. These compounds were further evaluated through PAINS filter to study their toxicity profile. Simultaneously, compounds were also prioritized based on the robustness of the assays through which they were identified.ResultsOur efforts lead to the creation of a well-curated structured knowledgebase of 182 NVIs with 98 small molecule inhibitors. The reported IC50/EC50 values for some of these inhibitors are in the nanomolar range – as low as 0.47 nM. In order to prioritize these inhibitors, we performed several tests and applied filters to identify drug-like non-toxic compounds. Of 98, a few compounds passed DruLito & PAINS filters exhibiting drug-like properties and were also prioritized in an independent screen based only the assay robustness. The NVIs have diverse structural features and offer a wide spectrum of ways in which they can be developed further as druglike molecules.ConclusionWe report a knowledgebase for furthering the development of NVIs. The platform has a diverse set of 98 NVIs of which a few have been prioritized based on a combined evidence strategy. The platform has the provision to submit new inhibitors as and when reported by the community for further enhancement of NiV inhibitor landscape.

scholarly journals A Combined Evidence Approach to Prioritize Nipah Virus Inhibitors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishi Kumari ◽  
Ayush Upadhyay ◽  
Kishan Kalia ◽  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
Kanika Tuteja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Nipah Virus ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Nanomolar Range

Abstract Nipah Virus (NiV) came into limelight due to an outbreak in Kerala, India. NiV causes severe disease and death in people with over 75% case fatality rate. It is a public health concern and has the potential to become a global pandemic. Lack of treatment has forced the containment methods to be restricted to isolation and surveillance. WHO’s‘R&D Blueprint list of priority diseases’ (2018) indicates that there is an urgent need for accelerated research & development for addressing NiV.In the quest for druglike NiV inhibitors (NVIs) a thorough literature search followed by systematic data curation was conducted. Rigorous data analysis was done with curated NVIs for prioritizing druglike compounds. For the same, more than 1800 descriptors of NVIs were computed and comparative analysis was performed with the FDA approved small molecules and antivirals. These compounds were further evaluated through PAINS filter to study their toxicity profile. Simultaneously, compounds were also prioritized based on the robustness of the assays through which they were identified. Our efforts lead to the creation of a well-curated structured knowledgebase of 182 NVIs with 98 small molecule inhibitors. The reported IC50/EC50 values for some of these inhibitors are in the nanomolar range – as low as 0.47 nM. In order to prioritize these inhibitors, we performed several tests and applied filters to identify drug-like non-toxic compounds. Of 98, a few compounds passed DruLito & PAINS filters exhibiting drug-like properties and were also prioritized in an independent screen based only the assay robustness. The NVIs have diverse structural features and offer a wide spectrum of ways in which they can be developed further as druglike molecules.We report a knowledgebase for furthering the development of NVIs. The platform has a diverse set of 98 NVIs of which a few have been prioritized based on a combined evidence strategy. The platform has the provision to submit new inhibitors as and when reported by the community for further enhancementof NiV inhibitor landscape.

scholarly journals Public Health concern for a Nipah Virus disease

2019 ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
Ajaykumar Rikhabchand Surana ◽  
Manoj Ramesh Kumbhare ◽  
Apurva Uttamrao Abhale ◽  
Ankita Ankush Bhoir ◽  
Shivam Puranmalgi Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Nipah Virus ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Tropical Countries ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Case Mortality

Nipah virus (NiV) is a pathogenic paramyxovirus that has been responsible for sporadic outbreaks of respiratory and encephalitic disease in tropical countries. Elevated case mortality rate has also been connected with recent outbreaks in India (Kerala), Malaysia and Bangladesh. The virus generally infects animals like pigs and bats, but they do not show any symptoms of NiV.  The mortality rate in NiV infected humans is more as compared to other mammals. The patient usually shows no symptoms to headache fever, cough, dyspnea, confusion and more consequences lead to a coma. Although there are no drugs or vaccines available against this severe disease, precaution and awareness reduce the risk of NiV-infection. This review will be helpful to save the life of people and decrease death by the NiV-infection outbreak. Keywords:   Diagnosis, Henipavirus, Nipah virus, Prevention and treatment

A Lethal Aerosol Exposure Model of Nipah Virus Strain Bangladesh in African Green Monkeys

2019 ◽  
Vol 221 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. S431-S435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek N Prasad ◽  
Krystle N Agans ◽  
Satheesh K Sivasubramani ◽  
Joan B Geisbert ◽  
Viktoriya Borisevich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nipah Virus ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Exposure Model ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Aerosol Model ◽  
Aerosol Exposure ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Green Monkeys

Abstract The high case-fatality rates and potential for use as a biological weapon make Nipah virus (NiV) a significant public health concern. Previous studies assessing the pathogenic potential of NiV delivered by the aerosol route in African green monkeys (AGMs) used the Malaysia strain (NiVM), which has caused lower instances of respiratory illness and person-to-person transmission during human outbreaks than the Bangladesh strain (NiVB). Accordingly, we developed a small particle aerosol model of NiVB infection in AGMs. Consistent with other mucosal AGM models of NiVB infection, we achieved uniform lethality and disease pathogenesis reflective of that observed in humans.

scholarly journals Current challenges and controversies surrounding SARS-CoV-2 immunity and their implications on reinfection, plasma therapy treatment outcomes, and vaccine development

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Vishal Rao ◽  
Swetha Kannan ◽  
Anand Subhash ◽  
Gururaj Arakeri ◽  
Ashish Gulia
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Generation Sequencing ◽  
Therapy Treatment

The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was recognized using of next-generation sequencing. The pandemic is associated with respiratory distress syndrome, hyperinflammation, and high mortality making it a major public health concern. It is essential to explore the pathogenetic pathways to conclude a definite therapeutic approach. However, the crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic altered the equilibrium between waiting for substantiating results before determining whether to use the therapy or generating evidence during regular patient care, in support of the second choice. This review describes various key controversies and challenges of SARS-CoV-2 immunity, convalescent plasma therapy, and treatment outcomes. It further highlights the emerging vaccine therapy and future strategies for the treatment of COVID-19.

scholarly journals EXPEDITIOUS RESPONSE TO EPIDEMICS: THE CHRONICLE OF NIPAH IN KERALA

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohini Menon ◽  
Rohini Menon ◽  
Rohini Menon ◽  
Rohini Menon ◽  
Rohini Menon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nipah Virus ◽  
The State ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Effective Dissemination ◽  
Significant Public Health Concern ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Health Organization

Kerala witnessed a catastrophic outbreak of the Nipah virus (NiV) in May 2018, with a fatality rate of 40-75 per cent. The Nipah virus is recognised by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a significant public health concern, and it's one among the priority diseases for accelerated R&D due to the severe lack of available countermeasures against it. There is no vaccine or cure for the infection. The state of Kerala showed an exemplary response to the outbreak. This involved rapid and effective dissemination of necessary precautions to the broader public. Internet social media played a crucial role in spreading these messages. Although the disease claimed 21 lives, it could have been a lot worse if the state had not taken the measures for proper mitigation. This work gives a brief overview of the Nipah virus, followed by a comprehensive outline of the Kerala outbreak. Community and individual responses to the Nipah outbreak have been analysed to illustrate how various groups and individuals, from health care and tourism departments to religious leaders, played a role in successfully eradicating the virus. Kerala's experience in containing epidemics is expected to become a reference point for other states and regions that may find similar situations.

scholarly journals Nipah Virus: A Public Health Concern

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abu Bakar Siddique ◽  
Jannatul Fardows ◽  
Nasreen Farhana ◽  
Maksud Mazumder
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Nipah Virus ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Date Palm Sap ◽  
Human Infections

Nipah virus, a member of the genus Henipavirus, a new class of virus in the Paramyxoviridae family, has drawn attention as an emerging zoonotic virus in South-East and South Asian region. Case fatality rate of Nipah virus infection ranges from 40–70% although it has been as high as 100% in some outbreaks. Many of the outbreaks were attributed to pigs consuming fruits, partially eaten by fruit bats, and transmission of infection to humans. In Bangladesh, Nipah virus infection was associated with contact with a sick cow, consumption of fresh date palm sap (potentially contaminated with pteropid bat saliva), and person-to-person transmission. In 2014, 18 cases of Nipah virus infection have been reported in Bangladesh, of which 9 cases died. In the most recent epidemic at least 6 people died out of nine cases due to Nipah virus infection in the remote northern Bangladesh in 2015. Human infections range from asymptomatic infection to fatal encephalitis. Some people can also experience atypical pneumonia and severe respiratory problems. The virus is detected by ELISA, PCR, immunofluoroscence assay and isolation by cell culture. Treatment is mostly symptomatic and supportive as the effect of antiviral drugs is not satisfactory, and an effective vaccine is yet to be developed. So the very high case fatality addresses the need for adequate and strict control and preventive measures.J Enam Med Col 2016; 6(2): 101-105

scholarly journals Vaccines to Emerging Viruses: Nipah and Hendra

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 447-473
Author(s):  
Moushimi Amaya ◽  
Christopher C. Broder
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Nipah Virus ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Hendra Virus ◽  
Emerging Viruses ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Pandemic Threat ◽  
Made In

Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV) are bat-borne zoonotic para-myxoviruses identified in the mid- to late 1990s in outbreaks of severe disease in livestock and people in Australia and Malaysia, respectively. HeV repeatedly re-emerges in Australia while NiV continues to cause outbreaks in South Asia (Bangladesh and India), and these viruses have remained transboundary threats. In people and several mammalian species, HeV and NiV infections present as a severe systemic and often fatal neurologic and/or respiratory disease. NiV stands out as a potential pandemic threat because of its associated high case-fatality rates and capacity for human-to-human transmission. The development of effective vaccines, suitable for people and livestock, against HeV and NiV has been a research focus. Here, we review the progress made in NiV and HeV vaccine development, with an emphasis on those approaches that have been tested in established animal challenge models of NiV and HeV infection and disease.

scholarly journals Dengue infection during Covid-19 pandemic: A challenge for case management

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-146
Author(s):  
Md Asaduzzaman Miah
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

The coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has been caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) that declared as an global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO).1,2 This ongoing pandemic causes devastation across the world while multiple countries have been facing with another outbreak- Dengue, a known tropical disease.3 Dengue is the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral infection, also considered as a major public health concern. During COVID-19 pandemic, the increasing incidence of dengue become a further threat especially in the dengue-endemic countries of Southeast Asia and Latin America.4 The global burden of dengue is dynamic,  estimated 50 million real cases per year  across  approximately 100 countries.5 Currently, most of the countries are fighting against COVID-19, therefore, further outbreak of dengue has been posed a number of practical challenges to combat the diseases simultaneously. As dengue cases have been increased during Covid-19 pandemic, both SARS‑CoV‑2 and dengue viruses are co-existing and co-circulating in the environment. Consequently, patients with SARS‑CoV‑2 and dengue co-infection has been reported recently in several countries like Singapore, Thailand, India, and Bangladesh.6-9 Hence, it is speculated that the co-infection cases will be increased and found in another countries in the upcoming days when dengue season goes in its peak. Currently, multiple countries in South America like Brazil, Paraguay, Colombia, Argentina, Bolivia are suffering seriously from co-epidemics of dengue and Covid-19.4 Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2020; 46(2): 145-146

scholarly journals Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Control between Drug Repurposing and Vaccination: A Comprehensive Overview

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1317
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Al-Karmalawy ◽  
Raya Soltane ◽  
Ayman Abo Elmaaty ◽  
Mohamed A. Tantawy ◽  
Samar A. Antar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Repurposed Drugs ◽  
The Impact

Respiratory viruses represent a major public health concern, as they are highly mutated, resulting in new strains emerging with high pathogenicity. Currently, the world is suffering from the newly evolving severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This virus is the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a mild-to-severe respiratory tract infection with frequent ability to give rise to fatal pneumonia in humans. The overwhelming outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 continues to unfold all over the world, urging scientists to put an end to this global pandemic through biological and pharmaceutical interventions. Currently, there is no specific treatment option that is capable of COVID-19 pandemic eradication, so several repurposed drugs and newly conditionally approved vaccines are in use and heavily applied to control the COVID-19 pandemic. The emergence of new variants of the virus that partially or totally escape from the immune response elicited by the approved vaccines requires continuous monitoring of the emerging variants to update the content of the developed vaccines or modify them totally to match the new variants. Herein, we discuss the potential therapeutic and prophylactic interventions including repurposed drugs and the newly developed/approved vaccines, highlighting the impact of virus evolution on the immune evasion of the virus from currently licensed vaccines for COVID-19.

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