scholarly journals NON-WHITE ETHNICITY, MALE SEX, AND HIGHER BODY MASS INDEX, BUT NOT MEDICATIONS ACTING ON THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM ARE ASSOCIATED WITH CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19) HOSPITALISATION: REVIEW OF THE FIRST 669 CASES FROM THE UK BIOBANK

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Raisi-Estabragh ◽  
Celeste McCracken ◽  
Maddalena Ardissino ◽  
Mae S Bethell ◽  
Jackie Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Positive Result ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
White Ethnicity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
The Uk

Background: Cardiometabolic morbidity and medications, specifically Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs), have been linked with adverse outcomes from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aims to investigate factors associated with COVID-19 positivity for the first 669 UK Biobank participants; compared with individuals who tested negative, and with the untested, presumed negative, rest of the population. Methods: We studied 1,474 participants from the UK Biobank who had been tested for COVID-19. Given UK testing policy, this implies a hospital setting, suggesting at least moderate to severe symptoms. We considered the following exposures: age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, ACEi/ARB use, prior myocardial infarction (MI), and smoking. We undertook comparisons between: 1) COVID-19 positive and COVID-19 tested negative participants; and 2) COVID-19 tested positive and the remaining participants (tested negative plus untested, n=501,837). Logistic regression models were used to investigate univariate and mutually adjusted associations. Results: Among participants tested for COVID-19, non-white ethnicity, male sex, and greater BMI were independently associated with COVID-19 positive result. Non-white ethnicity, male sex, greater BMI, diabetes, hypertension, prior MI, and smoking were independently associated with COVID-19 positivity compared to the remining cohort (test negatives plus untested). However, similar associations were observed when comparing those who tested negative for COVID-19 with the untested cohort; suggesting that these factors associate with general hospitalisation rather than specifically with COVID-19. Conclusions: Among participants tested for COVID-19 with presumed moderate to severe symptoms in a hospital setting, non-white ethnicity, male sex, and higher BMI are associated with a positive result. Other cardiometabolic morbidities confer increased risk of hospitalisation, without specificity for COVID-19. Notably, ACE/ARB use did not associate with COVID-19 status.

scholarly journals COVID-19 mortality in the UK Biobank cohort: revisiting and evaluating risk factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Elliott ◽  
Barbara Bodinier ◽  
Matthew Whitaker ◽  
Cyrille Delpierre ◽  
Roel Vermeulen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Oral Steroid ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Steroid Use ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Male Sex

AbstractMost studies of severe/fatal COVID-19 risk have used routine/hospitalisation data without detailed pre-morbid characterisation. Using the community-based UK Biobank cohort, we investigate risk factors for COVID-19 mortality in comparison with non-COVID-19 mortality. We investigated demographic, social (education, income, housing, employment), lifestyle (smoking, drinking, body mass index), biological (lipids, cystatin C, vitamin D), medical (comorbidities, medications) and environmental (air pollution) data from UK Biobank (N = 473,550) in relation to 459 COVID-19 and 2626 non-COVID-19 deaths to 21 September 2020. We used univariate, multivariable and penalised regression models. Age (OR = 2.76 [2.18–3.49] per S.D. [8.1 years], p = 2.6 × 10–17), male sex (OR = 1.47 [1.26–1.73], p = 1.3 × 10–6) and Black versus White ethnicity (OR = 1.21 [1.12–1.29], p = 3.0 × 10–7) were independently associated with and jointly explanatory of (area under receiver operating characteristic curve, AUC = 0.79) increased risk of COVID-19 mortality. In multivariable regression, alongside demographic covariates, being a healthcare worker, current smoker, having cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, autoimmune disease, and oral steroid use at enrolment were independently associated with COVID-19 mortality. Penalised regression models selected income, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, cystatin C, and oral steroid use as jointly contributing to COVID-19 mortality risk; Black ethnicity, hypertension and oral steroid use contributed to COVID-19 but not non-COVID-19 mortality. Age, male sex and Black ethnicity, as well as comorbidities and oral steroid use at enrolment were associated with increased risk of COVID-19 death. Our results suggest that previously reported associations of COVID-19 mortality with body mass index, low vitamin D, air pollutants, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors may be explained by the aforementioned factors.

Associations of BMI and Serum Urate with Developing Dementia: A Prospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (12) ◽  
pp. e4688-e4698
Author(s):  
Zhi Cao ◽  
Chenjie Xu ◽  
Hongxi Yang ◽  
Shu Li ◽  
Fusheng Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Serum Urate ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Context Recent studies have suggested that a higher body mass index (BMI) and serum urate levels were associated with a lower risk of developing dementia. However, these reverse relationships remain controversial, and whether serum urate and BMI confound each other is not well established. Objectives To investigate the independent associations of BMI and urate, as well as their interaction with the risk of developing dementia. Design and Settings We analyzed a cohort of 502 528 individuals derived from the UK Biobank that included people aged 37–73 years for whom BMI and urate were recorded between 2006 and 2010. Dementia was ascertained at follow-up using electronic health records. Results During a median of 8.1 years of follow-up, a total of 2138 participants developed dementia. People who were underweight had an increased risk of dementia (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.91, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.24–2.97) compared with people of a healthy weight. However, the risk of dementia continued to fall as weight increased, as those who were overweight and obese were 19% (HR = 0.81, 95%: 0.73–0.90) and 22% (HR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.68–0.88) were less likely to develop dementia than people of a healthy weight. People in the highest quintile of urate were also associated with a 25% (HR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.64–0.87) reduction in the risk of developing dementia compared with those who were in the lowest quintile. There was a significant multiplicative interaction between BMI and urate in relation to dementia (P for interaction = 0.004), and obesity strengthens the protective effect of serum urate on the risk of dementia. Conclusion Both BMI and urate are independent predictors of dementia, and there are inverse monotonic and dose-response associations of BMI and urate with dementia.

scholarly journals Association of Body Mass Index With Cardiometabolic Disease in the UK Biobank

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald M. Lyall ◽  
Carlos Celis-Morales ◽  
Joey Ward ◽  
Stamatina Iliodromiti ◽  
Jana J. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals Homogeneity in the association of body mass index with type 2 diabetes across the UK Biobank: A Mendelian randomization study

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e1002982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Wainberg ◽  
Anubha Mahajan ◽  
Anshul Kundaje ◽  
Mark I. McCarthy ◽  
Erik Ingelsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
The Uk

Do Serum Urate–Associated Genetic Variants Differentially Contribute to Gout Risk According to Body Mass Index? Analysis of the UK Biobank

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 1184-1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicky Tai ◽  
Ravi K. Narang ◽  
Greg Gamble ◽  
Murray Cadzow ◽  
Lisa K. Stamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Serum Urate ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Index Analysis ◽  
The Uk

Increased brain volume from cereal, decreased brain volume from coffee -- shared genetic determinants and impacts on cognitive function, body mass index (BMI) and other metabolic measures: cohort study of UK Biobank participants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jujiao Kang ◽  
Tianye Jia ◽  
Zeyu Jiao ◽  
Chun Shen ◽  
Chao Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Genetic Constructs

AbstractObjectiveTo explore how different diets may affect human brain development and if genetic and environmental factors play a part.DesignCohort study.SettingUK Biobank data were collected from 22 centres across the UK.ParticipantsOnly white British individuals free of Alzheimer’s or dementia diseases were included in the study, where 336517 participants had quality-controlled genetic data, and 18879 participants had qualified brain MRI data.Main outcome measuresGrey matter volume, intake of cereal and coffee, body mass index and blood cholesterol level.ResultsWe investigated diet effects in the UK Biobank data and discovered anti-correlated brain-wide grey matter volume (GMV)-association patterns between coffee and cereal intake, coincidence with their anti-correlated genetic constructs. These genetic factors may further affect people’s lifestyle habits and body/blood fat levels through the mediation of cereal/coffee intake, and the brain-wide expression pattern of gene CPLX3, a dedicated marker of subplate neurons that regulate cortical development and plasticity, may underlie the shared GMV-association patterns among the coffee/cereal intake and cognitive functions.ConclusionsOur findings revealed that high-cereal and low-coffee diets shared similar brain and genetic constructs, leading to long-term beneficial associations regarding cognitive, BMI and other metabolic measures. This study has important implications for public health, especially during the pandemic, given the poorer outcomes of COVID-19 patients with greater BMIs.

Deep transfer learning of brain shape morphometry predicts Body Mass Index (BMI) in the UK Biobank

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-Li Zeng ◽  
Christopher R. K. Ching ◽  
Zvart Abaryan ◽  
Sophia I. Thomopoulos ◽  
Kai Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Transfer Learning ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Brain Shape

scholarly journals Birth Weight and Adult Obesity Index in Relation to the Risk of Hypertension: A Prospective Cohort Study in the UK Biobank

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Jingjia Liang ◽  
Qian Liu ◽  
Xikang Fan ◽  
Cheng Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Adult Obesity ◽  
Lower Birth Weight ◽  
Obesity Index ◽  
The Uk

Objectives: To investigate the association between birth weight and the risk of hypertension, and to examine the interaction between birth weight and the adult obesity index.Methods: We included 199,893 participants who had birth weight data and no history of hypertension at baseline (2006–2010) from the UK Biobank. A multivariate cubic regression spline was used to visually explore the dose-response relationship. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: We observed a nonlinear inverse association between birth weight and hypertension. The risk for hypertension decreased as birth weight increased up to approximately 3.80 kg. Compared with the participants with the fourth quintile of birth weight (3.43–3.80 kg), those with the first quartile of birth weight (<2.88 kg) were associated with a 25% higher risk of hypertension [HR 1.25; 95% CI (1.18–1.32)]. In addition, the participants with birth weight <2.88 kg and body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 had the highest risk [HR 3.54; 95% CI (3.16–3.97); p for interaction <0.0001], as compared with those with birth weight between 3.43–3.80 kg and body mass index between 18.5–25.0 kg/m2. These associations were largely consistent in the stratified and sensitivity analyses.Conclusion: Our findings indicate that lower birth weight is nonlinearly correlated with higher risk of hypertension, and birth weight between 3.43–3.80 kg might represent an intervention threshold. Moreover, lower birth weight may interact with adult obesity to significantly increase hypertension risk.

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