Protection of grapevine pruning wounds against Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Diplodia seriata by biological and chemical methods

ABSTRACTThe grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) Botryosphaeria dieback and esca threaten the sustainability of the grapevine industry worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of various liquid (pyraclostrobin + boscalid and thiophanate methyl) and paste (paste + tebuconazole) formulation fungicide treatments, and biological control agents (Trichoderma atroviride SC1 and T. atroviride I-1237), for their potential to prevent infection of grapevine pruning wounds by Diplodia seriata and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora in two field trials over two growing seasons. Treatments were applied to freshly pruned wounds following their label dosages recommendations. After 24 hours, wounds were artificially inoculated with 400 spores of D. seriata or 800 spores of P. chlamydospora. Isolations were made from the treated pruning wounds after 12 months to evaluate the efficacy of the treatments. Fungicide formulations were superior to Trichoderma-based treatments for the control of both pathogens during both growing seasons, with mean percent disease control of 44 to 95% for D. seriata and 46 to 67% for P. chlamydospora. Pyraclostrobin + boscalid was the most effective treatment. Trichoderma atroviride-based treatments did not reduce infection by D. seriata or P. chlamydospora compared to the untreated inoculated control in both vineyards and seasons. This study represents the first vineyard assessment of several chemical and biological treatments to protect pruning wounds against GTDs fungi in Europe and provides growers with tangible preventative control practices to minimize yield losses due to GTDs.

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Production of Phytotoxic Metabolites by Botryosphaeriaceae in Naturally Infected and Artificially Inoculated Grapevines

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10040802 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 802

Author(s):

Pierluigi Reveglia ◽

Regina Billones-Baaijens ◽

Jennifer Millera Millera Niem ◽

Marco Masi ◽

Alessio Cimmino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Protocatechuic Acid ◽

Physiological Factors ◽

Diplodia Seriata ◽

Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽

Botryosphaeria Dieback ◽

Trunk Diseases ◽

One Year ◽

Pathogen Dna

Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are considered a serious problem to viticulture worldwide. Several GTD fungal pathogens produce phytotoxic metabolites (PMs) that were hypothesized to migrate to the foliage where they cause distinct symptoms. The role of PMs in the expression of Botryosphaeria dieback (BD) symptoms in naturally infected and artificially inoculated wood using molecular and analytical chemistry techniques was investigated. Wood samples from field vines naturally infected with BD and one-year-old vines inoculated with Diplodia seriata, Spencermartinsia viticola and Dothiorella vidmadera were analysed by cultural isolations, quantitative PCR (qPCR) and targeted LC-MS/MS to detect three PMs: (R)-mellein, protocatechuic acid and spencertoxin. (R)-mellein was detected in symptomatic naturally infected wood and vines artificially inoculated with D. seriata but was absent in all non-symptomatic wood. The amount of (R)-mellein detected was correlated with the amount of pathogen DNA detected by qPCR. Protocatechuic acid and spencertoxin were absent in all inoculated wood samples. (R)-mellein may be produced by the pathogen during infection to break down the wood, however it was not translocated into other parts of the vine. The foliar symptoms previously reported in vineyards may be due to a combination of PMs produced and climatic and physiological factors that require further investigation.

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Detection of Grapevine Fungal Trunk Pathogens on Pruning Shears and Evaluation of Their Potential for Spread of Infection

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-12-14-1283-re ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 99 (7) ◽

pp. 976-981 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

C. Agustí-Brisach ◽

M. León ◽

J. García-Jiménez ◽

J. Armengol

Keyword(s):

Simultaneous Detection ◽

Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Fungal Isolation ◽

Diplodia Seriata ◽

Phaeomoniella Chlamydospora ◽

Eutypa Lata ◽

Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽

Liquid Samples ◽

Trunk Diseases ◽

Spread Of Infection

Four vineyards visibly affected by trunk diseases were surveyed at pruning time in 2012 and 2013 in Spain, to determine whether pruning tools are capable of spreading grapevine trunk diseases from vine to vine. In each vineyard, pruning shears were regularly rinsed with sterile water, collecting liquid samples for analysis. Molecular detection of grapevine fungal trunk pathogens (GFTPs) was performed by nested polymerase chain reaction using specific primers to detect Botryosphaeriaceae spp. Eutypa lata, Cadophora luteo-olivacea, Phaeoacremonium spp., and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora. All of these GFTPs, with the exception of E. lata, were detected in samples from the four vineyards, C. luteo-olivacea and Phaeoacremonium spp. being the most prevalent. Co-occurrence of two, three, or four different GFTPs from the same sample were found, the simultaneous detection of C. luteo-olivacea and Phaeoacremonium spp. being the most prevalent. In addition, fungal isolation from liquid samples in semiselective culture medium for C. luteo-olivacea, Phaeoacremonium spp., and P. chlamydospora was also performed but only C. luteo-olivacea was recovered from samples collected in three of four vineyards evaluated. Pruning shears artificially infested with suspensions of conidia or mycelial fragments of C. luteo-olivacea, Diplodia seriata, E. lata, Phaeoacremonium aleophilum, and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora were used to prune 1-year-old grapevine cuttings of ‘110 Richter’ rootstock. Successful fungal reisolation from the cuttings 4 months after pruning confirmed that infested pruning shears were able to infect them through pruning wounds. These results improve knowledge about the epidemiology of GFTPs and demonstrate the potential of inoculum present on pruning shears to infect grapevines.

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Effectiveness of Natural Antifungal Compounds in Controlling Infection by Grapevine Trunk Disease Pathogens through Pruning Wounds

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.01818-15 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 81 (18) ◽

pp. 6474-6483 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Rebeca Cobos ◽

Rosa María Mateos ◽

José Manuel Álvarez-Pérez ◽

Miguel Angel Olego ◽

Silvia Sevillano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Field Trials ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Chitosan Oligosaccharide ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Content Type ◽

Phaeomoniella Chlamydospora ◽

Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽

Trunk Diseases

ABSTRACTGrapevine trunk fungal pathogens, such asDiplodia seriataandPhaeomoniella chlamydospora, can infect plants through pruning wounds. They cause grapevine trunk diseases and are involved in grapevine decline. Accordingly, the protection of pruning wounds is crucial for the management of grapevine trunk diseases. The efficacy of different natural antifungals in inhibiting the growth of several fungi causing grapevine trunk diseases was evaluatedin vitro. The fungi showing greaterin vitroefficacy were tested on autoclaved grape wood assays againstD. seriataandP. chlamydospora. Based on results from these assays, chitosan oligosaccharide, vanillin, and garlic extract were selected for further evaluation on pruning wounds inoculated withD. seriataandP. chlamydosporain field trials. A significant decrease in plant mortality was observed after 2 years of growth in the plants treated with the different natural antifungals compared to the mortality rate observed in infected plants that were not treated with antifungals. Also, the infection rate for the inoculated pathogens was significantly reduced in plants treated with the selected natural antifungals. Therefore, natural antifungals represent a promising alternative for disease control and could provide significant economic benefits for the grape-growing industry.

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Seasonal Susceptibility of Grapevine Pruning Wounds and Cane Colonization in Catalonia, Spain Following Artificial Infection with Diplodia seriata and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-10-15-1186-re ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 100 (8) ◽

pp. 1651-1659 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Georgina Elena ◽

Jordi Luque

Keyword(s):

Seasonal Changes ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Artificial Infection ◽

Diplodia Seriata ◽

Phaeomoniella Chlamydospora ◽

Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽

Pruning Wound ◽

Incubation Periods ◽

Trunk Diseases ◽

Made In

Diplodia seriata and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora are two fungal pathogens associated with grapevine trunk diseases worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the period during which grapevine pruning wounds remain susceptible to fungal infection and to describe the colonization of canes artificially inoculated with these pathogens. In the first experiment, pruning wounds made in either fall or winter were separately inoculated with each pathogen at different times after pruning. Wound susceptibility to both pathogens decreased as the period between pruning and inoculation increased, from high percentages recorded in the first inoculation round (D. seriata, 97.5% and P. chlamydospora, 75%) down to approximately 10% 12 weeks after pruning. Pruning wounds remained more susceptible to D. seriata after a late pruning in winter whereas no overall seasonal changes in wound susceptibility were detected for P. chlamydospora. In the second experiment, canes were pruned by leaving two different lengths between the top node and the pruning wound before inoculations. Pathogens were recovered at different incubation periods and from different sites along the canes to estimate fungal cane colonization. A longer pruned internode made cane colonization by P. chlamydospora difficult, as indicated by fungal recoveries lower than 10% at the lowest recovery site, whereas D. seriata was less inhibited.

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Cultivar Contributes to the Beneficial Effects of Bacillus subtilis PTA-271 and Trichoderma atroviride SC1 to Protect Grapevine Against Neofusicoccum parvum

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.726132 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Catarina Leal ◽

Nicolas Richet ◽

Jean-François Guise ◽

David Gramaje ◽

Josep Armengol ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Trichoderma Atroviride ◽

In Planta ◽

Neofusicoccum Parvum ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽

Mutual Antagonism ◽

Direct Benefits ◽

Botryosphaeria Dieback

Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are a big threat for global viticulture. Without effective chemicals, biocontrol strategies are developed as alternatives to better cope with environmental concerns. A combination of biological control agents (BCAs) could even improve sustainable disease management through complementary ways of protection. In this study, we evaluated the combination of Bacillus subtilis (Bs) PTA-271 and Trichoderma atroviride (Ta) SC1 for the protection of Chardonnay and Tempranillo rootlings against Neofusicoccum parvum Bt67, an aggressive pathogen associated to Botryosphaeria dieback (BD). Indirect benefits offered by each BCA and their combination were then characterized in planta, as well as their direct benefits in vitro. Results provide evidence that (1) the cultivar contributes to the beneficial effects of Bs PTA-271 and Ta SC1 against N. parvum, and that (2) the in vitro BCA mutual antagonism switches to the strongest fungistatic effect toward Np-Bt67 in a three-way confrontation test. We also report for the first time the beneficial potential of a combination of BCA against Np-Bt67 especially in Tempranillo. Our findings highlight a common feature for both cultivars: salicylic acid (SA)-dependent defenses were strongly decreased in plants protected by the BCA, in contrast with symptomatic ones. We thus suggest that (1) the high basal expression of SA-dependent defenses in Tempranillo explains its highest susceptibility to N. parvum, and that (2) the cultivar-specific responses to the beneficial Bs PTA-271 and Ta SC1 remain to be further investigated.

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Screening and modes of action of antagonistic bacteria to control the fungal pathogen Phaeomoniella chlamydospora involved in grapevine trunk diseases

Microbiological Research ◽

10.1016/j.micres.2016.07.003 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 192 ◽

pp. 172-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Rana Haidar ◽

Jean Roudet ◽

Olivier Bonnard ◽

Marie Cécile Dufour ◽

Marie France Corio-Costet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fungal Pathogen ◽

Antagonistic Bacteria ◽

Phaeomoniella Chlamydospora ◽

Modes Of Action ◽

Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽

Trunk Diseases

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Antifungal Agents Based on Chitosan Oligomers, ε-polylysine and Streptomyces spp. Secondary Metabolites against Three Botryosphaeriaceae Species

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics8030099 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 99 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Laura Buzón-Durán ◽

Jesús Martín-Gil ◽

Eduardo Pérez-Lebeña ◽

David Ruano-Rosa ◽

José L. Revuelta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cost Effective ◽

Botryosphaeria Dothidea ◽

Diplodia Seriata ◽

Neofusicoccum Parvum ◽

Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽

Streptomyces Spp ◽

Effective Option ◽

Trunk Diseases ◽

Botryosphaeriaceae Species

Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are a major threat to the wine and grape industry. The aim of the study was to investigate the antifungal activity against Neofusicoccum parvum, Diplodia seriata, and Botryosphaeria dothidea of ε-polylysine, chitosan oligomers, their conjugates, Streptomyces rochei and S. lavendofoliae culture filtrates, and their binary mixtures with chitosan oligomers. In vitro mycelial growth inhibition tests suggest that the efficacy of these treatments, in particular those based on ε-polylysine and ε-polylysine:chitosan oligomers 1:1 w/w conjugate, against the three Botryosphaeriaceae species would be comparable to or higher than that of conventional synthetic fungicides. In the case of ε-polylysine, EC90 values as low as 227, 26.9, and 22.5 µg·mL−1 were obtained for N. parvum, D. seriata, and B. dothidea, respectively. Although the efficacy of the conjugate was slightly lower, with EC90 values of 507.5, 580.2, and 497.4 µg·mL−1, respectively, it may represent a more cost-effective option to the utilization of pure ε-polylysine. The proposed treatments may offer a viable and sustainable alternative for controlling GTDs.

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Arthropods Vector Grapevine Trunk Disease Pathogens

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-11-13-0303-r ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 104 (10) ◽

pp. 1063-1069 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

P. Moyo ◽

E. Allsopp ◽

F. Roets ◽

L. Mostert ◽

F. Halleen

Keyword(s):

Cropping Systems ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Molecular Techniques ◽

Inoculum Source ◽

Phaeomoniella Chlamydospora ◽

Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽

Pruning Wound ◽

Trunk Disease ◽

Grapevine Trunk Disease ◽

Trunk Diseases

Arthropod-mediated dispersal of pathogens is known in many cropping systems but has never been demonstrated for grapevine trunk disease pathogens. Arthropods from vineyards were screened for the presence of pathogens associated with Petri disease and esca using cultural and molecular techniques. The ability of the most abundant pathogen-carrying species to inoculate healthy grapevine vascular tissues was also determined. Millipedes and ants were allowed to associate with a DsRed- Express-transformed Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, after which they were exposed to freshly pruned healthy grapevines under controlled conditions and wounds were monitored for subsequent infection. In addition, the possibility of millipede excreta, commonly found on pruning wounds in the field, to act as inoculum source was determined. A diverse arthropod fauna was associated with declining grapevines and many of these carried trunk disease pathogens. However, spiders, the ant Crematogaster peringueyi, and the millipede Ommattoiulus moreleti were the most abundant pathogen carriers. The ant and millipede species fed on pruning wound sap and effectively transmitted trunk disease pathogens. Millipede excreta contained viable spores of Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and may serve as an inoculum source. Numerous arthropods, including beneficial predators, are potential vectors of grapevine trunk disease pathogens. Our results highlight the need for an integrated approach, including targeted management of ants and millipedes at the time of pruning, to limit the spread of grapevine trunk diseases.

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Relationship Between the Xylem Anatomy of Grapevine Rootstocks and Their Susceptibility to Phaeoacremonium minimum and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.726461 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Charis K. Ramsing ◽

David Gramaje ◽

Sara Mocholí ◽

Javier Agustí ◽

Félix Cabello Sáenz de Santa María ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Xylem Anatomy ◽

Dna Concentration ◽

Phaeomoniella Chlamydospora ◽

Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽

Potential Association ◽

Trunk Diseases ◽

Stem Surface Area ◽

Detrimental Impact

Fungal grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are some of the most pressing threats to grape production worldwide. While these diseases are associated with several fungal pathogens, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium minimum are important contributors to esca and Petri diseases. Recent research has linked grapevine xylem diameter with tolerance to Pa. chlamydospora in commercial rootstocks. In this study, we screen over 25 rootstocks for xylem characteristics and tolerance to both Pa. chlamydospora and Pm. minimum. Tolerance was measured by fungal incidence and DNA concentration (quantified via qPCR), while histological analyses were used to measure xylem characteristics, including xylem vessels diameter, density, and the proportion of the stem surface area covered by xylem vessels. Rootstocks were grouped into different classes based on xylem characteristics to assess the potential association between vasculature traits and pathogen tolerance. Our results revealed significant differences in all the analyzed xylem traits, and also in DNA concentration for both pathogens among the tested rootstocks. They corroborate the link between xylem vessels diameter and tolerance to Pa. chlamydospora. In Pm. minimum, the rootstocks with the widest xylem diameter proved the most susceptible. This relationship between vasculature development and pathogen tolerance has the potential to inform both cultivar choice and future rootstock breeding to reduce the detrimental impact of GTDs worldwide.

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Ecology and management of grapevine trunk diseases in New Zealand a review

New Zealand Plant Protection ◽

10.30843/nzpp.2010.63.6558 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 63 ◽

pp. 160-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D.C. Mundy ◽

M.A. Manning

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Disease Control ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Additional Information ◽

Petri Disease ◽

Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽

Eutypa Dieback ◽

Botryosphaeria Dieback ◽

Trunk Diseases

Grapevine trunk diseases threaten the longevity of vineyard production in New Zealand This paper provides a summary of the knowledge of the most common fungal grapevine trunk diseases as well as identifying gaps that require further research Current knowledge of symptoms causal organisms etiology and disease control of botryosphaeria dieback esca eutypa dieback and Petri disease are discussed Additional information about how these diseases may be influenced by different vineyard practices common in New Zealand viticulture is provided

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