scholarly journals Model Based Comparison of Covid-19 Cases in Two Counties in the Silicon Valley

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santanu Basu
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Valley ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Santa Clara County ◽  
Hospital Beds ◽  
Hospital Bed ◽  
San Mateo County ◽  
Case Data

ABSTRACTA recently developed model to analyze Covid-19 case data has been applied to compare the Covid-19 cases and hospital bed usage in Santa Clara county and San Mateo county which are in the Silicon Valley region of California. The model gives prediction for number of cases and deaths and number of hospital beds six weeks in advance. The model is versatile and can be applied to other countries and regions as well.

Novel indicator for the assessment of hospital bed occupancy

2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (20) ◽  
pp. 797-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miklós Gresz
Keyword(s):  
Patient Needs ◽  
Bed Occupancy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Hospital Beds ◽  
Hospital Bed ◽  
Bed Capacity ◽  
Statistical Indicators

In the past decades the bed occupancy of hospitals in Hungary has been calculated from the average of in-patient days and the number of beds during a given period of time. This is the only measure being currently looked at when evaluating the performance of hospitals and changing their bed capacity. The author outlines how limited is the use of this indicator and what other statistical indicators may characterize the occupancy of hospital beds. Since adjustment of capacity to patient needs becomes increasingly important, it is essential to find indicator(s) that can be easily applied in practice and can assist medical personal and funders who do not work with statistics. Author recommends the use of daily bed occupancy as a base for all these statistical indicators. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 797–801.

BED FUND OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: DYNAMICS OF ITS MAIN INDICATORS

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
M. Bant'eva ◽  
E. Manoshkina ◽  
Yuriy Mel'nikov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Bed Occupancy ◽  
Functional Optimization ◽  
Average Treatment ◽  
Hospital Beds ◽  
Hospital Bed ◽  
The Russian Federation

Despite the fact that the process of structural and functional optimization of the hospital bed fund is currently underway, the basis for the provision of medical care remains the assistance provided in around the clock and day time hospitals, which is the most costly because it requires the constant involvement of a large amount of staff, material, technical, financial and other types of resources. The main indicators of the bed fund in around the clock and daily stay hospitals in the Russian Federation, Federal District and regions in dynamics for 2010-2018, as well as mortality in around the clock hospitals, are analyzed using descriptive statistics. In the Russian Federation from 2010 to 2018 the absolute number of hospitals decreased from 5705 to 4323 (by 24.2%), both due to the reduction in the number of hospital beds and in connection with the unification of medical organizations. At the same time, the number of round-the-clock beds decreased from 1250120 to 1044875 (by 16.4%); provision with hospital beds decreased (from 87.5 to 71.1 per 10,000 population - by 18.7%), the average treatment duration (from 12.6 days to 10.7 - by 15.1%) and, unfortunately, average bed occupancy per year (from 325 to 313 days - by 3.7%). In 2018, the extreme values of the indicator of hospitalization rate for 24-hour hospital beds in the regions of the Russian Federation differ 1.8 times, provision with hospital beds - 2.9 times, average bed occupancy per year - 1.2 times, average treatment duration - 1 8 times. The established differences may indicate an imbalance in the ongoing structural transformations. The overall mortality rate in the Russian Federation increased: from 1.5% in 2010 to 1.9% in 2018 (by 28.4%), a similar trend was observed in all regions. The provision of beds in day care hospitals increased from 15.4 per 10,000 in 2010 to 17.0 in 2018 (10.7%). Multidirectional tendencies are noted, both towards increasing and decreasing the number of places in day hospitals, both in the Federal Districts as a whole and in individual regions. The extreme values of the indicator of the provision of places for day care hospitals in the regions of the Russian Federation differ by 30 times, what reflects the disproportionate organization of a network of day care hospitals in the country's regions. During the observation period in the Russian Federation, the level of hospitalization in round-the-clock hospitals decreased from 222.0 to 203.5 per 1000 population (by 8.3%), while the level of hospitalizations in day care hospitals steadily increased from 26.4 to 35.0 per 1,000 (32.8%), what indicates the implementation of the expected hospital-replacing function of day care in the country as a whole. The issue of further structural and functional optimization of the hospital bed fund of the country remains relevant.

scholarly journals Patients with acute stroke are less likely to be admitted directly to a stroke unit when hospital beds are scarce: A Swedish multicenter register study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Darehed ◽  
Bo Norrving ◽  
Birgitta Stegmayr ◽  
Karin Zingmark ◽  
Mathias C. Blom
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Stroke Unit ◽  
Register Study ◽  
Bed Occupancy ◽  
Hospital Beds ◽  
Hospital Bed ◽  
Direct Admission

Introduction It is well established that managing patients with acute stroke in dedicated stroke units is associated with improved functioning and survival. The objectives of this study are to investigate whether patients with acute stroke are less likely to be directly admitted to a stroke unit from the Emergency Department when hospital beds are scarce and to measure variation across hospitals in terms of this outcome. Patients and methods This register study comprised data on patients with acute stroke admitted to 14 out of 72 Swedish hospitals in 2011–2014. Data from the Swedish stroke register were linked to administrative daily data on hospital bed occupancy (measured at 6 a.m.). Logistic regression analysis was used to analyse the association between bed occupancy and direct stroke unit admission. Results A total of 13,955 hospital admissions were included; 79.6% were directly admitted to a stroke unit from the Emergency Department. Each percentage increase in hospital bed occupancy was associated with a 1.5% decrease in odds of direct admission to a stroke unit (odds ratio = 0.985, 95% confidence interval = 0.978–0.992). The best-performing hospital exhibited an odds ratio of 3.8 (95% confidence interval = 2.6–5.5) for direct admission to a stroke unit versus the reference hospital. Discussion and conclusion We found an association between hospital crowding and reduced quality of care in acute stroke, portrayed by a lower likelihood of patients being directly admitted to a stroke unit from the Emergency Department. The magnitude of the effect varied considerably across hospitals.

scholarly journals Analyzing Covid-19 Data using SIRD Models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhijit Chakraborty ◽  
Jiaying Chen ◽  
Amélie Desvars-Larrive ◽  
Peter Klimek ◽  
Erwin Flores Tames ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Government Intervention ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Intervention Measures ◽  
Case Data

SummaryThe goal of this analysis is to estimate the effects of the diverse government intervention measures implemented to mitigate the spread of the Covid-19 epidemic. We use a process model based on a compartmental epidemiological framework Susceptible-Infected-Recovered-Dead (SIRD). Analysis of case data with such a mechanism-based model has advantages over purely phenomenological approaches because the parameters of the SIRD model can be calibrated using prior knowledge. This approach can be used to investigate how governmental interventions have affected the Covid-19-related transmission and mortality rate during the epidemic.

Economy

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-69
Author(s):  
Kenneth P. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Economic Model ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Silicon Valley ◽  
The State ◽  
Cost Structure ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Policy Models ◽  
Low Costs

Economics helps explain why California and Texas have become powerful states—and also why they have polarized. Texas and California have built economies that align with their competing political and policy models. Texas has relied on an economic model based on bountiful energy resources, free-market policies, and low costs—cheap land, inexpensive labor, and low taxes. This model has allowed Texas to attract businesses and sustain growth. By comparison, California exploited its natural advantages to build a robust economy. In time, the state developed a comparatively high cost structure, which caused it to lose much of its manufacturing base. The state was saved, however, by the emergence of “knowledge industries,” including a powerful technology cluster centered in the Silicon Valley. These industries have been willing to pay a premium to operate in California and have generally supported the state’s progressive policies.

Quantification of Patient Migration in Bed

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Kotowski ◽  
Kermit G. Davis ◽  
Neal Wiggermann ◽  
Rachel Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Motion Capture ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injuries ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Friction Forces ◽  
Caregiver Health ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Hospital Beds ◽  
Hospital Bed

Objective: The study objective was to quantify the movement of hospital bed occupants relative to the bed in typical bed articulations. Background: Movement of a patient in bed results in two common adverse events: (a) increase in shear and friction forces between the patient and bed, which are extrinsic pressure ulcer risk factors, and (b) musculoskeletal injuries to nurses, resulting from repositioning patients who have migrated down in bed. Method: The study involved 12 participants who lay supine in three hospital beds, which were articulated to common positions. Body movement relative to the bed was quantified with the use of motion capture. Cumulative movement, net displacement, and torso compression (shoulder to trochanter distance) were calculated for different bed types and bed movements. Results: Bed design and bed movement had a significant effect on most of the dependent variables. Bed design (e.g., type) influenced cumulative movement by up to 115%, net displacement by up to 70%, and torso compression by about 20%. Bed movement (e.g., knee elevation) reduced cumulative migration by up to 35%. Conclusion: The quantification of patient migration provides a metric for evaluating the interaction between body and bed surfaces. Overall, the measures were sensitive to design changes in bed frames, bed articulations, and mattress inflation. Application: Documentation of the cumulative movement, net displacement, and torso compression provides hospital bed designers quantifiable measures for reducing migration and potentially shear and friction forces when designing bed frames, bed articulations, and mattresses. Optimization of these metrics may ultimately have an impact on patient and caregiver health.

Effects of Brake Pedal Horizontal Location of Hospital Beds on Force Exertions and Work Efficiency

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009
Author(s):  
Jie Zhou ◽  
Neal Wiggermann
Keyword(s):  
Maximal Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Completion Time ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Brake Pedal ◽  
Work Efficiency ◽  
Task Completion Time ◽  
Hospital Beds ◽  
Hospital Bed ◽  
And Task

The brake pedal on hospital beds is critical during bed maneuvering, however, substantial force and awkward postures are usually required during pedal engagement tasks. Nine professional caregivers were recruited to investigate how brake pedal horizontal location affected maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force, acceptable force to engage the pedal (AFE), force efficiency and task completion time. The results demonstrated reduced MVC, AFE and force efficiency whereas increased task completion time with greater pedal depths. Pedal depth was significantly correlated with MVC, force efficiency and task completion time and these correlations are moderate (0.25≤r<0.50) or good (0.50≤r<075). These findings provide important information for hospital bed design.

scholarly journals A Model-Based Anomaly Detection Approach for Analyzing Streaming Aircraft Engine Measurement Data

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L. Simon ◽  
Aidan W. Rinehart
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Anomaly Detection ◽  
Piecewise Linear ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Dynamic State ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Detection Approach ◽  
Case Data

This paper presents a model-based anomaly detection architecture designed for analyzing streaming transient aircraft engine measurement data. The technique calculates and monitors residuals between sensed engine outputs and model predicted outputs for anomaly detection purposes. Pivotal to the performance of this technique is the ability to construct a model that accurately reflects the nominal operating performance of the engine. The dynamic model applied in the architecture is a piecewise linear design comprising steady-state trim points and dynamic state space matrices. A simple curve-fitting technique for updating the model trim point information based on steady-state information extracted from available nominal engine measurement data is presented. Results from the application of the model-based approach for processing actual engine test data are shown. These include both nominal fault-free test case data and seeded fault test case data. The results indicate that the updates applied to improve the model trim point information also improve anomaly detection performance. Recommendations for follow-on enhancements to the technique are also presented and discussed.

scholarly journals Pleistocene vertebrates of Silicon Valley (Santa Clara County, California)

PaleoBios ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlin Clare Maguire ◽  
Patricia A. Holroyd
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Valley ◽  
Santa Clara County

scholarly journals Development of a Motorized Hospital Bed with Swerve Drive Modules for Holonomic Mobility

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11356
Author(s):  
Radon Dhelika ◽  
Ali Fajar Hadi ◽  
Prasandhya Astagiri Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Trajectory Planning ◽  
Pid Control ◽  
Constant Velocity ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Physical Injury ◽  
Control Performance ◽  
Dc Motors ◽  
Hospital Beds ◽  
Hospital Bed ◽  
Pushing And Pulling

In hospitals; transferring patients using hospital beds is time consuming and inefficient. Additionally; the task of frequently pushing and pulling beds poses physical injury risks to nurses and caregivers. Motorized hospital beds with holonomic mobility have been previously proposed. However; most such beds come with complex drivetrain which makes them costly and hinders larger-scale adoption in hospitals. In this study; a motorized hospital bed that utilizes a swerve drive mechanism is proposed. The design takes into account simplicity which would allow for minimum modification of the existing beds. Two DC motors for steering and propulsion are used for a single swerve drive module. The control of the propulsion motor is achieved by a combination of trajectory planning based on quintic polynomials and PID control. Further; the control performance of the proposed bed was evaluated; and the holonomic mobility of its prototype was successfully demonstrated. An average error of less than 3% was obtained for motion with a constant velocity; however; larger values in the range of 15% were observed for other conditions, such as accelerating and decelerating.

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