scholarly journals Playing a P300-based BCI VR game leads to changes in cognitive functions of healthy adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matvey Bulat ◽  
Alexandra Karpman ◽  
Alina Samokhina ◽  
Alexander Panov
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Additional Improvement

In this paper, we present the results of a study to determine the effect of the P300-based brain-computer interface (BCI) virtual reality game on the cognitive functions of healthy human subjects. This study is a part of on-going research related to evaluation of the the long-term effect of P300 training in Virtual Reality surrounding (VR game) on the cognitive performance of the young healthy population. A comparison of results between 3 groups of participants (15 people each) revealed the progressing difference in cognitive assessment for experimental group played P300 BCI VR game, showing the positive increase in flanker and conjunction visual search task performance associated with selective attention and mental inhibition. We show that the effect is due to the use of P300 BCI paradigm. Our results suggest that P300 BCI games combined with virtual reality can not only be used for rehabilitation in patients with slight mental disorders or elderly, but for increasing some cognitive functions in healthy subjects, giving an additional improvement in learning in case of combination with possible educational tasks or used for attention trainingGRAPHICAL ABSTRACTPlease check the journal’s author guildines for whether a graphical abstract, key points, new findings, or other items are required for display in the Table of Contents.

Long-term facilitation of ventilation is not present during wakefulness in healthy men or women

2002 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 2129-2136 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Jordan ◽  
P. G. Catcheside ◽  
F. J. O'Donoghue ◽  
R. D. McEvoy
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Dilator Muscle ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Long Term Facilitation

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is more common in men than in women for reasons that are unclear. The stability of the respiratory controller has been proposed to be important in OSA pathogenesis and may be involved in the gender difference in prevalence. Repetitive hypoxia elicits a progressive rise in ventilation in animals [long-term facilitation (LTF)]. There is uncertainty whether LTF occurs in humans, but if present it may stabilize respiration and possibly also the upper airway. This study was conducted to determine 1) whether LTF exists during wakefulness in healthy human subjects and, if so, whether it is more pronounced in women than men and 2) whether inspiratory pump and upper airway dilator muscle activities are affected differently by repetitive hypoxia. Twelve healthy young men and ten women in the luteal menstrual phase were fitted with a nasal mask and intramuscular genioglossal EMG (EMGgg) recording electrodes. After 5 min of rest, subjects were exposed to ten 2-min isocapnic hypoxic periods (∼9% O2 in N2, arterial O2 saturation ∼80%) separated by 2 min of room air. Inspired minute ventilation (V˙i) and peak inspiratory EMGgg activity were averaged over 30-s intervals, and respiratory data were compared between genders during and after repetitive hypoxia by using ANOVA for repeated measures. V˙i during recovery from repetitive hypoxia was not different from the resting level and not different between genders. There was no facilitation of EMGgg activity during or after repetitive hypoxia. EMGgg activity was reduced below baseline during recovery from repetitive hypoxia in women. In conclusion, we have found no evidence of LTF of ventilation or upper airway dilator muscle activity in healthy subjects during wakefulness.

Responses of muscle mass, strength and gene transcripts to long-term heat stress in healthy human subjects

2010 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsumasa Goto ◽  
Hideshi Oda ◽  
Hidehiko Kondo ◽  
Michihito Igaki ◽  
Atsushi Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Healthy Human Subjects ◽  
Gene Transcripts

Long-term effect of masked hypertension management on cognitive functions in geriatric age

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Cafer Balci ◽  
Mert Eşme ◽  
Fatih Sümer ◽  
Serkan Asil ◽  
Bünyamin Yavuz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Hypertension Management ◽  
Masked Hypertension ◽  
Long Term Effect

scholarly journals The bright and the dark sides of L-carnitine supplementation: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelika K. Sawicka ◽  
Gianluca Renzi ◽  
Robert A. Olek
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Fasting Plasma ◽  
Healthy Human Subjects ◽  
Dose Ranging ◽  
Total Carnitine

Abstract Background L-carnitine (LC) is used as a supplement by recreationally-active, competitive and highly trained athletes. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effect of prolonged LC supplementation on metabolism and metabolic modifications. Methods A literature search was conducted in the MEDLINE (via PubMed) and Web of Science databases from the inception up February 2020. Eligibility criteria included studies on healthy human subjects, treated for at least 12 weeks with LC administered orally, with no drugs or any other multi-ingredient supplements co-ingestion. Results The initial search retrieved 1024 articles, and a total of 11 studies were finally included after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. All the selected studies were conducted with healthy human subjects, with supplemented dose ranging from 1 g to 4 g per day for either 12 or 24 weeks. LC supplementation, in combination with carbohydrates (CHO) effectively elevated total carnitine content in skeletal muscle. Twenty-four-weeks of LC supplementation did not affect muscle strength in healthy aged women, but significantly increased muscle mass, improved physical effort tolerance and cognitive function in centenarians. LC supplementation was also noted to induce an increase of fasting plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) levels, which was not associated with modification of determined inflammatory nor oxidative stress markers. Conclusion Prolonged LC supplementation in specific conditions may affect physical performance. On the other hand, LC supplementation elevates fasting plasma TMAO, compound supposed to be pro-atherogenic. Therefore, additional studies focusing on long-term supplementation and its longitudinal effect on the cardiovascular system are needed.

scholarly journals Changes in the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Sildenafil in Cigarette and Cannabis Smokers

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 876
Author(s):  
Mohammed Murtadha ◽  
Mohamed Ahmed Raslan ◽  
Sarah Farid Fahmy ◽  
Nagwa Ali Sabri
Keyword(s):  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Enzyme Substrate ◽  
Elimination Half ◽  
Cyp3a4 Enzyme

Sildenafil citrate, a widely-used oral therapy for erectile dysfunction, is a cytochrome P3A4 (CYP3A4) enzyme substrate. Studies have reported that this substrate has an inhibitory effect on CYP3A4 enzymes in long-term cigarette and cannabis smokers, which predominantly mediate the hepatic elimination of sildenafil. Cigarette and/or cannabis smoking could therefore alter the exposure of sildenafil. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of smoking cigarettes and/or cannabis on the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety and tolerability of sildenafil. Thirty-six healthy human subjects were equally divided into three groups: non-smokers, cigarette smokers and cannabis smokers. Each group was administered a single dose of sildenafil (50 mg tablets). The primary outcome measures included the maximum concentration of sildenafil in plasma (Cmax), the elimination half-life (t1/2) and the area under the plasma concentration time curve from zero to time (AUC0–t). The pharmacodynamics were assessed by the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). The exposure of sildenafil (AUC0–t) showed a statistically significant increase in cigarette smokers (1156 ± 542 ng·h/mL) of 61% (p < 0.05) while in cannabis smokers (967 ± 262 ng·h/mL), a non-significant increase in AUC0–t of 35% (p > 0.05) was observed relative to non-smokers (717 ± 311 ng·h/mL). Moreover, the Cmax of sildenafil increased by 63% (p < 0.05) and 22% (p > 0.05) in cigarette smokers and cannabis smokers, respectively. Cigarette smoking increases the exposure of sildenafil to a statistically significant level with no effect on its pharmacodynamics, safety and tolerability.

scholarly journals Emerging Role of Safinamide in Parkinson’s Disease Therapy

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Kulisevsky ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Motor Complications ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Off Time

Parkinson’s disease is associated with motor complications, especially dyskinesias, which limit dopaminergic replacement therapy. Safinamide is a water-soluble, orally active a-aminoamide derivative that modulates dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission with a unique dual mechanism of action. It improves motor symptoms, motor complications, quality of life and ‘on’ and ‘off’ time even in combination with other Parkinson’s disease (PD) medications, such as dopamine agonists and levodopa (LD). Safinamide reduces ‘off’ time and extends ‘on’ time without troublesome dyskinesia. Furthermore, safinamide maintains its effects after long-term treatment and has a favourable pharmacokinetic and side-effect profile. It therefore has the potential to become an important drug in PD management. This review will summarise data from animals, healthy human subjects and patients with PD on the long-term efficacy and safety of safinamide.

scholarly journals Effect of Synaid on cognitive functions and mood in elderly subjects with self-perceived loss of memory after COVID-19 infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1797-1799
Author(s):  
Marilisa Bove ◽  
Federica Fogacci ◽  
Silvia Quattrocchi ◽  
Maddalena Veronesi ◽  
Arrigo Cicero
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
At Home

IntroductionThere is growing attention towards the possible long-term effect of COVID-19 on neuropsychiatric disorders.Material and methodsWe tested the effect of a combined nutraceutical (Synaid) with known nootropic effects in 40 elderly patients with self-perceived cognitive decline after SARS-CoV-2 infection, treated at home or in hospital.ResultsAfter 3 months of treatment, Synaid significantly improved functional status, MMSE and the main psychological disorders associated with mild cognitive impairment, both in patients previously cared for at home and in hospital because of SARS-CoV-2 infection.ConclusionsSynaid was well tolerated and effective in improving cognitive function and psychosocial parameters after SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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