scholarly journals Comparative transcriptomics reveal conserved modules of plant defence against different pathogens in Strawberry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghuram Badmi ◽  
Arsheed Hussain Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Disease Resistant ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Core Set ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Grey Mold ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interactions

AbstractStrawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) is an economically important high-value crop that is susceptible to three most devastating pathogens with different lifestyles – a necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea causing grey mold, a hemibiotrophic oomycete Phytophthora cactorum causing crown/root rot, and a biotrophic fungus Podosphaera aphanis causing powdery mildew. Studies on individual plant-pathogen interactions are only sufficient for developing disease resistant strawberry varieties to a particular pathogen. However, each of these pathogens have the potential to co-infect strawberry at a given point of time. Therefore, understanding how these pathogens manipulate strawberry’s defences and how it responds to these pathogens is essential for developing broad-spectrum disease resistant varieties. Here, in the diploid model Fragaria vesca, we performed comparative transcriptome analysis between each of these pathogen infections to identify 501 Common Responsive (CoRe) genes targeted against these pathogens. Furthermore, about 80% of these CoRe set are upregulated upon infection by all three pathogens indicating a similar transcriptional response of F. vesca independent of pathogen’s lifestyle. These upregulated CoRe set include genes from well-known defence responsive pathways such as calcium and MAP kinase signalling, WRKY transcription factors, pathogenesis-related allergen genes and hormone and terpene biosynthetic genes. These novel insights into F. vesca’s defences might serve as a basis for engineering plants with broad spectrum resistance.

Diverse Responses Are Involved in the Defence of Arabidopsis thaliana against Turnip Crinkle Virus

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 148-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Yang ◽  
Shu Yuan ◽  
Yi Luo ◽  
Ji Huang ◽  
Yang-Er Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Plant Hormones ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Turnip Crinkle Virus ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Antagonistic Action ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interactions

Plant hormones play pivotal roles as signals of plant-pathogen interactions. Here, we report that exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), ethephon (ETH), and abscisic acid (ABA) can reduce Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) accumulation in systemic leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana during early infection. SA and ABA are more efficient and confer a longer-lasting resistance against TCV than JA and ETH, and the plant hormones interact in effecting the plant defence. Synergistic actions of SA and JA, and SA and ET, and an antagonistic action of SA and ABA have been observed in the Arabidopsis-TCV interaction. ABA can down-regulate the expression of the pathogenesis-related genes PR1 and PDF1.2, and compared to the wild type, it drastically reduces TCV accumulation in NahG transgenic plants and the eds5-p1 mutant, both of which do not accumulate SA. This indicates that SA signaling negatively regulates the ABA-mediated defence. ABA-induced resistance against TCV is independent of SA. We also found that mitogen-activated protein kinase 5 (MPK5) may be involved in ABA-mediated defence. These results indicate that Arabidopsis can activate distinct signals to inhibit virus accumulation. Cooperative or antagonistic crosstalk between them is pivotal for establishing disease resistance. These results show potential to enhance the plant defence against viruses by manipulating diverse hormones.

Exploiting Broad-Spectrum Disease Resistance in Crops: From Molecular Dissection to Breeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 575-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Yiwen Deng ◽  
Yuese Ning ◽  
Zuhua He ◽  
Guo-Liang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Disease Resistant ◽  
Broad Spectrum Resistance ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Loss Of Susceptibility ◽  
Related Proteins

Plant diseases reduce crop yields and threaten global food security, making the selection of disease-resistant cultivars a major goal of crop breeding. Broad-spectrum resistance (BSR) is a desirable trait because it confers resistance against more than one pathogen species or against the majority of races or strains of the same pathogen. Many BSR genes have been cloned in plants and have been found to encode pattern recognition receptors, nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat receptors, and defense-signaling and pathogenesis-related proteins. In addition, the BSR genes that underlie quantitative trait loci, loss of susceptibility and nonhost resistance have been characterized. Here, we comprehensively review the advances made in the identification and characterization of BSR genes in various species and examine their application in crop breeding. We also discuss the challenges and their solutions for the use of BSR genes in the breeding of disease-resistant crops.

scholarly journals Activation of Local and Systemic Defence Responses by Flg22 Is Dependent on Daytime and Ethylene in Intact Tomato Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8354
Author(s):  
Zalán Czékus ◽  
András Kukri ◽  
Kamirán Áron Hamow ◽  
Gabriella Szalai ◽  
Irma Tari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Ethylene Response Factor ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Defence Responses

The first line of plant defence responses against pathogens can be induced by the bacterial flg22 and can be dependent on various external and internal factors. Here, we firstly studied the effects of daytime and ethylene (ET) using Never ripe (Nr) mutants in the local and systemic defence responses of intact tomato plants after flg22 treatments. Flg22 was applied in the afternoon and at night and rapid reactions were detected. The production of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide was induced by flg22 locally, while superoxide was induced systemically, in wild type plants in the light period, but all remained lower at night and in Nr leaves. Flg22 elevated, locally, the ET, jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) levels in the light period; these levels did not change significantly at night. Expression of Pathogenesis-related 1 (PR1), Ethylene response factor 1 (ERF1) and Defensin (DEF) showed also daytime- and ET-dependent changes. Enhanced ERF1 and DEF expression and stomatal closure were also observable in systemic leaves of wild type plants in the light. These data demonstrate that early biotic signalling in flg22-treated leaves and distal ones is an ET-dependent process and it is also determined by the time of day and inhibited in the early night phase.

scholarly journals Engineering broad‐spectrum disease‐resistant rice by editing multiple susceptibility genes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Tao ◽  
Xuetao Shi ◽  
Feng He ◽  
Dan Wang ◽  
Ning Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Susceptibility Genes ◽  
Disease Resistant

scholarly journals Производство и фитосанитарная оценка семенных клубней картофеля в лесостепи Приобья Алтайского края

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. Chevychelova ◽  
E.I. Sedykh ◽  
S.V. Zharkova ◽  
V.I. Leunov
Keyword(s):  
Seed Potato ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Seed Potato Production ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Altai Region ◽  
Disease Resistant ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Production Indices

Представлены результаты исследований производства семенного картофеля в условиях Алтайского края. Дана оценка отечественных сортов картофеля репродукции элита по производственным показателям и по фитосанитарному состоянию клубней к моменту их посадки. По каждому заболеванию, зафиксированному в Алтайском крае, выделены наиболее устойчивые сорта.The research findings on seed potato production in the Altai Region are discussed. The domestic potato varieties of elite reproduction are evaluated according to their production indices and phytosanitary condition of tubers at planting time. The most disease resistant varieties have been identified for each disease recorded in the Altai Region.

THE ROLE OF DISEASE-RESISTANT VARIETIES IN INCREASING THE YIELD OF BLACK CURRANTS IN THE TRANS-URALS

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Vera Alekseevna Morkovina ◽  
Igor Nikolaevich Porsev ◽  
Valentina Vladimirovna Polovnikova ◽  
Mariya Valentinovna Karpova
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistant ◽  
Resistant Varieties

scholarly journals Seasonal and altitudinal differences in coffee leaf rust epidemics on coffee berry disease-resistant varieties in Southwest Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerba Daba ◽  
Kenny Helsen ◽  
Gezahegn Berecha ◽  
Bart Lievens ◽  
Adugna Debela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Coffee Berry ◽  
Southwest Ethiopia ◽  
Coffee Berry Disease ◽  
Disease Resistant ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Coffee Leaf Rust

scholarly journals WRKY Transcription Factors Shared by BTH-Induced Resistance and NPR1-Mediated Acquired Resistance Improve Broad-Spectrum Disease Resistance in Wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanpeng Li ◽  
Jiaojiao Wu ◽  
Xiaofeng Shang ◽  
Miaomiao Geng ◽  
Jing Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Induced Resistance ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Wrky Transcription Factors ◽  
Pathogen Invasion ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Transgenic Lines

In Arabidopsis, both pathogen invasion and benzothiadiazole (BTH) treatment activate the nonexpresser of pathogenesis-related genes 1 (NPR1)-mediated systemic acquired resistance, which provides broad-spectrum disease resistance to secondary pathogen infection. However, the BTH-induced resistance in Triticeae crops of wheat and barley seems to be accomplished through an NPR1-independent pathway. In the current investigation, we applied transcriptome analysis on barley transgenic lines overexpressing wheat wNPR1 (wNPR1-OE) and knocking down barley HvNPR1 (HvNPR1-Kd) to reveal the role of NPR1 during the BTH-induced resistance. Most of the previously designated barley chemical-induced (BCI) genes were upregulated in an NPR1-independent manner, whereas the expression levels of several pathogenesis-related (PR) genes were elevated upon BTH treatment only in wNPR1-OE. Two barley WRKY transcription factors, HvWRKY6 and HvWRKY70, were predicted and further validated as key regulators shared by the BTH-induced resistance and the NPR1-mediated acquired resistance. Wheat transgenic lines overexpressing HvWRKY6 and HvWRKY70 showed different degrees of enhanced resistance to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici pathotype CYR32 and Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici pathotype E20. In conclusion, the transcriptional changes of BTH-induced resistance in barley were initially profiled, and the identified key regulators would be valuable resources for the genetic improvement of broad-spectrum disease resistance in wheat. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

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