scholarly journals Identification of a new gene Rf9 and unravelling the genetic complexity for controlling fertility restoration in hybrid wheat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahimeh Shahinnia ◽  
Manuel Geyer ◽  
Annette Block ◽  
Volker Mohler ◽  
Lorenz Hartl
Keyword(s):  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Hybrid Wheat ◽  
Pentatricopeptide Repeat ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
New Gene

AbstractWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a self-pollinating crop whose hybrids offer the potential to provide a major boost in yield. Male sterility induced by the cytoplasm of Triticum timopheevii is a powerful method for hybrid seed production. Hybrids produced by this method are often partially sterile and full fertility restoration is crucial for wheat production using hybrid cultivars. To identify genetic loci controlling fertility restoration in wheat, we produced two CMS-based backcross (BC1) mapping populations. The restorer lines Gerek 79 and 71R1203 were used to pollinate the male-sterile winter wheat line CMS-Sperber. Seed set and numbers of sterile spikelets per spike were evaluated in 340 and 206 individuals of the populations derived from Gerek 79 and 71R1203, respectively. Genetic maps were constructed using 930 and 994 SNPs, spanning 2,160 and 2,328 cM over 21 linkage groups in the two populations, respectively. Twelve quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlled fertility restoration in both BC1 populations, including a novel restorer-of-fertility (Rf) locus flanked by the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers IWB72413 and IWB1550 on chromosome 6AS. The locus was mapped as a qualitative trait in the BC1 Gerek 79 population and was designated Rf9. Ninety-three putative candidate genes were predicted for the QTL region on chromosome 6AS. Among them were genes encoding tetratricopeptide and pentatricopeptide repeat-containing proteins in rice known to be associated with fertility restoration. This finding is a promising step to better understand the functions of genes for improving hybrid wheat.

scholarly journals Identification of Rf9, a Gene Contributing to the Genetic Complexity of Fertility Restoration in Hybrid Wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahimeh Shahinnia ◽  
Manuel Geyer ◽  
Annette Block ◽  
Volker Mohler ◽  
Lorenz Hartl
Keyword(s):  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Hybrid Wheat ◽  
Pentatricopeptide Repeat ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Transcription Termination Factor ◽  
Restorer Of Fertility ◽  
Genes Encoding

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a self-pollinating crop whose hybrids offer the potential to provide a major boost in yield. Male sterility induced by the cytoplasm of Triticum timopheevii is a powerful method for hybrid seed production. Hybrids produced by this method are often partially sterile, and full fertility restoration is crucial for wheat production using hybrid cultivars. To identify the genetic loci controlling fertility restoration in wheat, we produced two cytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS) backcross (BC1) mapping populations. The restorer lines Gerek 79 and 71R1203 were used to pollinate the male-sterile winter wheat line CMS-Sperber. Seed set and numbers of sterile spikelets per spike were evaluated in 340 and 206 individuals of the populations derived from Gerek 79 and 71R1203, respectively. Genetic maps were constructed using 930 and 994 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, spanning 2,160 and 2,328 cM over 21 linkage groups in the two populations, respectively. Twelve quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlled fertility restoration in both BC1 populations, including a novel restorer-of-fertility (Rf) locus flanked by the SNP markers IWB72413 and IWB1550 on chromosome 6AS. The locus was mapped as a qualitative trait in the BC1 Gerek 79 population and was designated Rf9. One hundred-nineteen putative candidate genes were predicted within the QTL region on chromosome 6AS. Among them were genes encoding mitochondrial transcription termination factor and pentatricopeptide repeat-containing proteins that are known to be associated with fertility restoration. This finding is a promising step to better understand the functions of genes for improving fertility restoration in hybrid wheat.

Male fertility restoration of wheat in Hordeum chilense cytoplasm is associated with 6HchS chromosome addition

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 206 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Martín ◽  
S. G. Atienza ◽  
M. C. Ramírez ◽  
F. Barro ◽  
A. Martín
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Hordeum Chilense ◽  
Alloplasmic Line ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Pollen Abortion ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Pollen Stage

We report a new cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) source in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) designated as msH1. CMS has been identified during the process of obtaining alloplasmic bread wheat in different Hordeum chilense Roem. Schultz. cytoplasms. It was observed that when using the H. chilense H1 accession, the corresponding alloplasmic line was male sterile. This alloplasmic wheat is stable under different environmental conditions and it does not exhibit developmental or floral abnormalities, showing only slightly reduced height and some delay in heading. On examining microsporogenesis in the alloplasmic line, it was found that different stages of meiosis were completed normally, but abnormal development occurred at the uninucleate-pollen stage at the first mitosis, resulting in failure of anther exertion and pollen abortion. Fertility restoration of the CMS phenotype caused by the H. chilense cytoplasm was associated with the addition of chromosome 6HchS from H. chilense accession H1. Thus, some fertility restoration genes appear to be located in this chromosome arm. Considering the features displayed by the msH1 system, we consider that it has a great potential for the development of viable technology for hybrid wheat production.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis and Fine Mapping of a Spontaneously Mutated Male Sterility Gene in Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1309-1318
Author(s):  
Tzu-Kai Lin ◽  
Ya-Ping Lin ◽  
Shun-Fu Lin
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Fine Mapping ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Spontaneous Mutant ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Sterility Gene ◽  
Intron 4 ◽  
Male Sterility Gene

Male sterility has been widely used in hybrid seed production in Brassica, but not in B. rapa ssp. chinensis, and genetic models of male sterility for this subspecies are unclear. We discovered a spontaneous mutant in B. rapa ssp. chinensis. A series of progeny tests indicated that male sterility in B. rapa ssp. chinensis follows a three-allele model with BrMsa, BrMsb, and BrMsc. The male sterility locus has been mapped to chromosome A07 in BC1 and F2 populations through genotyping by sequencing. Fine mapping in a total of 1,590 F2 plants narrowed the male sterility gene BrMs to a 400 kb region, with two SNP markers only 0.3 cM from the gene. Comparative gene mapping shows that the Ms gene in B. rapa ssp. pekinensis is different from the BrMs gene of B. rapa ssp. chinensis, despite that both genes are located on chromosome A07. Interestingly, the DNA sequence orthologous to a male sterile gene in Brassica napus, BnRf, is within 400 kb of the BrMs locus. The BnRf orthologs of B. rapa ssp. chinensis were sequenced, and one KASP marker (BrMs_indel) was developed for genotyping based on a 14 bp indel at intron 4. Cosegregation of male sterility and BrMs_indel genotypes in the F2 population indicated that BnRf from B. napus and BrMs from B. rapa are likely to be orthologs. The BrMs_indel marker developed in this study will be useful in marker-assisted selection for the male sterility trait.

Incorporation of restoring gene of Aegilops umbellulata into wheat

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 727-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng-Qiang Ma ◽  
Yin-Hai Zhao ◽  
Da-Jun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Aegilops Umbellulata ◽  
Alien Gene ◽  
Mother Cells ◽  
Type Chromosome ◽  
Heterozygous Translocation

Six 'Chinese Spring' – Aegilops umbellulata Zhuk. addition lines (UAD, UBD, UCD, UDD, UED, and UFM) were assayed for their effects on the fertility of timopheevi cytoplasm male sterile lines (T-type). Chromosome 6U of disomic addition line UAD was found to be able to restore the fertility of T-type male sterility and 'Chinese Spring' was verified to lack restoring genes, indicating that 6U carries at least one fertility restoration gene. From about 200 plants with 42 somatic chromosomes derived from the progeny of crosses Qu Xian Early A × UAD and Sumai No. 3 A × UAD, eight self-fertile plants were selected. Their self-fertility in timopheevi cytoplasm implies that they carry the restoring gene(s) from 6U. Cytological analysis was conducted on the hybrid F1 of the selected fertile plants (040-5, 060-1, and 061-4) as female parents crossed with 'Chinese Spring'. The self-fertility segregation and the chromosome pairing of pollen mother cells of F1 fertile plants from 040-5, 060-1, and 061-4 × 'Chinese Spring' during meiosis suggested that they were heterozygous translocation lines with restoring gene(s) from 6U.Key words: Aegilops umbellulata Zhuk., restoring genes, alien gene transfer, timopheevi cytoplasmic male sterile fertility, Triticum aestivum L.

Alloplasmic male sterile Brassica napus with Enarthrocarpus lyratus cytoplasm: introgression and molecular mapping of an E. lyratus chromosome segment carrying a fertility restoring gene

Genome ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 792-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
H S Janeja ◽  
S K Banga ◽  
P B Bhaskar ◽  
S S Banga
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Molecular Mapping ◽  
Bulked Segregant Analysis ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Fertility Restorer ◽  
Donor Species

A cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) system for Brassica napus (2n = 38; AACC) was developed by backcross substitution of its nucleus into the cytoplasm of a wild crucifer, Enarthrocarpus lyratus. Male sterility was complete, stable, and expressed in small flowers with rudimentary anthers. Since the B. napus germplasm lines were complete or partial maintainers of male sterility, the required fertility restorer gene (Rfl) was introgressed from the cytoplasm donor species. Inheritance studies carried out on F1 and F2 populations derived from hybridizing cytoplasmic male sterile and male fertile near-isogenic (PNILs) lines of B. napus 'Westar', revealed a monogenic dominant control for fertility restoration. Bulked segregant analysis with 215 RAPD primers helped in the identification of putative primers associated with fertility restoration. Co-segregation analysis of eight such primers with Rfl gene revealed two markers, OPK 15700 and OPZ 061300, which flank the Rfl locus on either side at a distance of 8.2 and 2.5 cM, respectively. These DNA markers will be useful in marker-assisted selection for improving the commercial potential of this newly developed CMS-fertility-restorer system for hybrid seed production programs in rapeseed.Key words: oilseed rape, hybrids, cytoplasmic male sterility, fertility restoration, RAPD mapping.

scholarly journals Map and sequence-based chromosome walking towards cloning of the male fertility restoration gene Rf5 linked to R11 in sunflower

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guojia Ma ◽  
Yunming Long ◽  
Qijian Song ◽  
Zahirul I. Talukder ◽  
Md Shamimuzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Mapping ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Pentatricopeptide Repeat ◽  
Fertility Restorer ◽  
Target Region ◽  
Donor Line ◽  
Density Map ◽  
Encoding Gene ◽  
Whole Genome Resequencing

AbstractThe nuclear fertility restorer gene Rf5 in HA-R9, originating from the wild sunflower species Helianthus annuus, is able to restore the widely used PET1 cytoplasmic male sterility in sunflowers. Previous mapping placed Rf5 at an interval of 5.8 cM on sunflower chromosome 13, distal to a rust resistance gene R11 at a 1.6 cM genetic distance in an SSR map. In the present study, publicly available SNP markers were further mapped around Rf5 and R11 using 192 F2 individuals, reducing the Rf5 interval from 5.8 to 0.8 cM. Additional SNP markers were developed in the target region of the two genes from the whole-genome resequencing of HA-R9, a donor line carrying Rf5 and R11. Fine mapping using 3517 F3 individuals placed Rf5 at a 0.00071 cM interval and the gene co-segregated with SNP marker S13_216392091. Similarly, fine mapping performed using 8795 F3 individuals mapped R11 at an interval of 0.00210 cM, co-segregating with two SNP markers, S13_225290789 and C13_181790141. Sequence analysis identified Rf5 as a pentatricopeptide repeat-encoding gene. The high-density map and diagnostic SNP markers developed in this study will accelerate the use of Rf5 and R11 in sunflower breeding.

STUDIES WITH HYBRID WHEAT IN ONTARIO

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. RAI ◽  
N. C. STOSKOPF ◽  
E. REINBERGS
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Hybrid Wheat ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Flour Production

An F1 hybrid from parental wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars with wide genetic diversity yielded 7329 kg/ha, a 26% increase over the higher yielding parent. Two other crosses resulted in an F1 yield increase of 15 and 5%. The best hybrid outyielded Genesee, which averaged 6177 kg/ha, by 19%. All data were averaged over a two-year period and were obtained at a standard seeding rate. Grain yields decreased from the F1 to the F2 generation in all three crosses and in the best cross from 26 to 13%. Heterosis for grain yield was manifested primarily in tillering and kernels per spike. Tillering increased by 6.9% and kernels per spike by 8.2%, while kernel weight increased by 1.0%, over the higher parent. An increase in plant height was observed. Milling and baking characteristics of F1 crosses, made within the soft wheat class, were closer to the softer quality parent. Baking quality declined in the F2 generation. Seed produced from two male sterile lines, however, had poorer milling and baking characteristics than seed from their self-fertile counterparts, and this may present a problem for soft quality flour production.

Endemic wheats of China as resources for breeding

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-25
Author(s):  
Hao Fu ◽  
N. P. Goncharov
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
The People ◽  
Spring Variety ◽  
Northern Border ◽  
Historical Heritage

Aim. To present the wheat endemics of China as source material for breeding and historical heritage. Results and Discussion. Wheat in China is the second most widely distributed cereal crop after rice. It is cultivated in China from the extreme northern border to the southern one, at altitudes from 154 m below sea level to 4450 m above sea level. The Chinian wheat is originated from South-West and West Asia and has a history of more than 2.8 thousand years. Since ancient times, the wheat species have been grown in China: bread (Triticum aestivum L.), compactum (T. compactum Host), polonicum (T. polonicum L.), turgidum (T. turgidum L.), durum (T. durum Desf.), turanian (T. turanicum Jakubz.). The Chinese ancient bread wheats are of interest for breeders because presence among them of early ripening, multi-flowering with the grain number in a spikelet up to 7-8 and in the ear up to 90-100, drought and winter hardy, resistant to powdery mildew and leaf rust; forms with good crossability with rye and Aegilops species. Among the endemic Chinese wheat, an important place belongs to the Chinese Spring variety which played an outstanding role in wheat genetics; super dwarfs Tom Pouce and Tibetan Dwarf; three-grain wheat, in which 3 grains are formed in one flower; Charklyk ancient wheat – a boneless form of polonicum wheat; dwarf blue wheat turgidum – with a strong waxy coating; Taigu-Male-Sterile Wheat – with gene male sterility; a wheats having species and subspecies status: wheat of Petropavlovskyi – Triticum petropavlovskyi Udacz. et Migusch.; Tibetan wheat – T. spelta L. ssp. tibetanum (Shao) N.P. Gontsch comb. nov .; Yunnan wheat – T. spelta L. ssp. yunnanse (King ex S.L. Chen) N.P. Gontsch comb. nov. The origin and genetic characteristics of China's endemic wheats are discussed. Conclusions. China's wheat endemics need careful study and conservation as a reserve of valuable genes and their complexes for breeding, and as an embodiment of the history, culture, talent and work of the people who created them, and an integral part of human cultural heritage.

scholarly journals Roles of Si and SiNPs in Improving Thermotolerance of Wheat Photosynthetic Machinery via Upregulation of PsbH, PsbB and PsbD Genes Encoding PSII Core Proteins

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Heba Hassan ◽  
Aishah Alatawi ◽  
Awatif Abdulmajeed ◽  
Manal Emam ◽  
Hemmat Khattab
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Photosynthetic System ◽  
Core Proteins ◽  
Genes Encoding

Photosystem II is extremely susceptible to environmental alterations, particularly high temperatures. The maintenance of an efficient photosynthetic system under stress conditions is one of the main issues for plants to attain their required energy. Nowadays, searching for stress alleviators is the main goal for maintaining photosynthetic system productivity and, thereby, crop yield under global climate change. Potassium silicate (K2SiO3, 1.5 mM) and silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO2NPs, 1.66 mM) were used to mitigate the negative impacts of heat stress (45 °C, 5 h) on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. (Shandawelly) seedlings. The results showed that K2SiO3 and SiO2NPs diminished leaf rolling symptoms and electrolyte leakage (EL) of heat-stressed wheat leaves. Furthermore, the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and the performance index (PIabs), as well as the photosynthetic pigments and organic solutes including soluble sugars, sucrose, and proline accumulation, were increased in K2SiO3 and SiO2NPs stressed leaves. At the molecular level, RT-PCR analysis showed that K2SiO3 and SiO2NPs treatments stimulated the overexpression of PsbH, PsbB, and PsbD genes. Notably, this investigation indicated that K2SiO3 was more effective in improving wheat thermotolerance compared to SiO2NPs. The application of K2SiO3 and SiO2NPs may be one of the proposed approaches to improve crop growth and productivity to tolerate climatic change.

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