scholarly journals The role of CLV signalling in the negative regulation of mycorrhizal colonisation and nitrogen response of tomato

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenglei Wang ◽  
Karen Velandia ◽  
Choon-Tak Kwon ◽  
Kate E. Wulf ◽  
David S. Nichols ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Negative Regulation ◽  
Nitrogen Response ◽  
Receptor Like Kinase ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonisation ◽  
Deep Homology ◽  
The Common

AbstractPlants form mutualistic nutrient acquiring symbioses with microbes, including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The formation of these symbioses is costly and plants employ a negative feedback loop termed autoregulation of mycorrhizae (AOM) to limit arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) formation. We provide evidence for the role of one leucine-rich-repeat receptor like kinase (FAB), a hydroxyproline O-arabinosyltransferase enzyme (FIN) and additional evidence for one receptor like protein (SlCLV2) in the negative regulation of AM formation in tomato. Reciprocal grafting experiments suggest that the FAB gene acts locally in the root, while the SlCLV2 gene may act in both the root and the shoot. External nutrients including phosphate and nitrate can also strongly suppress AM formation. We found that FAB and FIN are required for nitrate suppression of AM but are not required for the powerful suppression of AM colonisation by phosphate. This parallels some of the roles of legume homologs in the autoregulation of the more recently evolved symbioses with nitrogen-fixing bacteria leading to nodulation. This deep homology in the symbiotic role of these genes suggests that in addition to the early signalling events that lead to the establishment of AM and nodulation, the autoregulation pathway might also be considered part of the common symbiotic toolkit that enabled plants to form beneficial symbioses.HighlightWe describe the role of CLV signalling elements in the negative regulation of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses of tomato, including influencing nitrate but not phosphate suppression of mycorrhizal colonisation.

scholarly journals The role of CLV signalling in the negative regulation of mycorrhizal colonisation and nitrogen response of tomato

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenglei Wang ◽  
Karen Velandia ◽  
Choon-Tak Kwon ◽  
Kate E Wulf ◽  
David S Nichols ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Negative Regulation ◽  
Nitrogen Response ◽  
Receptor Like Kinase ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonisation ◽  
Deep Homology ◽  
The Common

Abstract Plants form mutualistic nutrient acquiring symbioses with microbes, including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The formation of these symbioses is costly and plants employ a negative feedback loop termed autoregulation of mycorrhizae (AOM) to limit arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) formation. We provide evidence for the role of one leucine-rich-repeat receptor like kinase (FAB), a hydroxyproline O-arabinosyltransferase enzyme (FIN) and additional evidence for one receptor like protein (SlCLV2) in the negative regulation of AM formation in tomato. Reciprocal grafting experiments suggest that the FAB gene acts locally in the root, while the SlCLV2 gene may act in both the root and the shoot. External nutrients including phosphate and nitrate can also strongly suppress AM formation. We found that FAB and FIN are required for nitrate suppression of AM but are not required for the powerful suppression of AM colonisation by phosphate. This parallels some of the roles of legume homologs in the autoregulation of the more recently evolved symbioses with nitrogen-fixing bacteria leading to nodulation. This deep homology in the symbiotic role of these genes suggests that in addition to the early signalling events that lead to the establishment of AM and nodulation, the autoregulation pathway might also be considered part of the common symbiotic toolkit that enabled plants to form beneficial symbioses.

scholarly journals The role of strigolactones in host specificity ofOrobancheandPhelipancheseed germination

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Fernández-Aparicio ◽  
Koichi Yoneyama ◽  
Diego Rubiales
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Parasitic Plants ◽  
Parasitic Weed ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Weedy Species ◽  
Germination Requirements

AbstractStrigolactones are apocarotenoids regulating shoot branching. They are also known to be exuded by plant roots at very low concentrations, stimulating hyphal branching of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and germination of root parasitic weed seeds. We show that strigolactones play a major role in host specificity ofOrobancheandPhelipanche(the broomrapes) seed germination. This observation confirms that host-derived germination stimulants are an important component determining the host specificity of these parasitic plants. Weedy broomrape species were less specialized in germination requirements than the non-weedy species except forO. cumanaandO. foetidavar.broteri. Similar results were obtained with the root exudates. Some species, such asP. aegyptiacaandO. minor, showed a broad spectrum of host specificity in terms of seed germination, which was stimulated by exudates from the majority of species tested, whereas others, such asO. cumana,O. hederaeandO. densiflora, were highly specific. Some species, such asO. minor,P. aegyptiacaandP. nana, were responsive to the three strigolactones studied, whereas others were induced by only one of them, or did not respond to them at all. The synthetic strigolactone analogue GR24, generally used as a standard for germination tests, was not effective on someOrobancheandPhelipanchespecies. Seeds of some species that did not respond to GR24 were induced to germinate in the presence of fabacyl acetate or strigol, confirming the role of strigolactones in host specificity.

scholarly journals Induction of Osmoregulation and Modulation of Salt Stress inAcacia gerrardiiBenth. by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi andBacillus subtilis(BERA 71)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abeer Hashem ◽  
E. F. Abd_Allah ◽  
A. A. Alqarawi ◽  
A. A. Al-Huqail ◽  
M. A. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glycine Betaine ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Acacia Gerrardii

The role of soil microbiota in plant stress management, though speculated a lot, is still far from being completely understood. We conducted a greenhouse experiment to examine synergistic impact of plant growth promoting rhizobacterium,Bacillus subtilis(BERA 71), and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (Claroideoglomus etunicatum;Rhizophagus intraradices; andFunneliformis mosseae) to induce acquired systemic resistance in Talh tree (Acacia gerrardiiBenth.) against adverse impact of salt stress. Compared to the control, the BERA 71 treatment significantly enhanced root colonization intensity by AMF, in both presence and absence of salt. We also found positive synergistic interaction betweenB.subtilisand AMFvis-a-visimprovement in the nutritional value in terms of increase in total lipids, phenols, and fiber content. The AMF and BERA 71 inoculated plants showed increased content of osmoprotectants such as glycine, betaine, and proline, though lipid peroxidation was reduced probably as a mechanism of salt tolerance. Furthermore, the application of bioinoculants to Talh tree turned out to be potentially beneficial in ameliorating the deleterious impact of salinity on plant metabolism, probably by modulating the osmoregulatory system (glycine betaine, proline, and phenols) and antioxidant enzymes system (SOD, CAT, POD, GR, APX, DHAR, MDAHR, and GSNOR).

Improvement of plant performance under water deficit with the employment of biological and chemical priming agents

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 (5) ◽  
pp. 680-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Balestrini ◽  
W. Chitarra ◽  
C. Antoniou ◽  
M. Ruocco ◽  
V. Fotopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Climate Change Research ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Chemical Priming

AbstractDrought represents one of the major constraints on agricultural productivity and food security and in future is destined to spread widely as a consequence of climate change. Research efforts are focused on developing strategies to make crops more resilient and to mitigate the effects of stress on crop production. In this context, the use of root-associated microbial communities and chemical priming strategies able to improve plant tolerance to abiotic stresses, including drought, have attracted increasing attention in recent years. The current review offers an overview of recent research aimed at verifying the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and chemical agents to improve plant tolerance to drought and to highlight the mechanisms involved in this improvement. Attention will be devoted mainly to current knowledge on the mechanisms involved in water transport.

scholarly journals Mycorrhizal Fungi as Bioprotectors of Crops Against Verticillium Wilt—A Hypothetical Scenario Under Changing Environmental Conditions

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1468
Author(s):  
Nieves Goicoechea
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Hypothetical Scenario ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Amf Communities

The association that many crops can establish with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) present in soils can enhance the resistance of the host plants against several pathogens, including Verticillium spp. The increased resistance of mycorrhizal plants is mainly due to the improved nutritional and water status of crops and to enhanced antioxidant metabolism and/or increased production of secondary metabolites in the plant tissues. However, the effectiveness of AMF in protecting their host plants against Verticillium spp. may vary depending on the environmental factors. Some environmental factors, such as the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, the availability of soil water and the air and soil temperatures, are predicted to change drastically by the end of the century. The present paper discusses to what extent the climate change may influence the role of AMF in protecting crops against Verticillium-induced wilt, taking into account the current knowledge about the direct and indirect effects that the changing environment can exert on AMF communities in soils and on the symbiosis between crops and AMF, as well as on the development, incidence and impact of diseases caused by soil-borne pathogens.

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