scholarly journals Application and Reliability of Arm Use Intensities in the Free-Living Environment for Manual Wheelchair Users

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brianna M Goodwin ◽  
Omid Jahanian ◽  
Meegan G Van Straaten ◽  
Emma Fortune ◽  
Stefan I Madansingh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Wheelchair Users ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Measurement Units ◽  
Reliable Representation

Arm use in individuals with spinal cord injury who use manual wheelchairs (MWC) is complex, characterized by a combination of overuse and a sedentary lifestyle. This study aimed to calculate arm use intensity levels for MWC users, describe the percentage of daily wear time MWC users and able-bodied individuals spend in each arm use intensity level, and test the reliabilities of the measurements for both MWC users and ablebodied individuals. MWC users wore two inertial measurement units (IMUs) on their bilateral upper arms while performing six MWC-based activities in-lab. Video data were recorded and each second was coded as active or stationary. Acceleration-based signal magnitude area (SMA) ranges were defined for stationary, low, mid, and high arm use intensity levels. IMU data were also collected in the freeliving environments for MWC users and able-bodied individuals for four days (3 weekdays and 1 weekend day). The SMA levels were applied to the free-living data from the dominant arm and the percentage of time spent in each level was calculated. The required number of days to achieve moderate, good, and excellent reliabilities was calculated. Eight adult MWC users with SCI participated in the in-lab data collection and SMA arm use intensity levels were defined as, stationary: ≤ 0.67g, low: 0.671-3.27g, mid: 3.271-5.87, and high: > 5.871. Six MWC users and 15 able-bodied individuals completed the free-living data collection. The dominant arm of both MWC users and able-bodied individuals was stationary for the majority of the day. The reliability analysis indicated that at least five and eight days of data are needed from MWC users and ablebodied individuals, respectively, to achieve reliable representation of their overall daily arm use intensities throughout a week. Future research is needed to understand the recovery time associated with stationary arm use and if it differs between MWC users and matched able-bodied individuals. At least five days of data should be collected when utilizing these methods for MWC users. The methods presented here will contribute to understanding the mechanisms which cause increased shoulder pain and pathology for MWC users.

scholarly journals Application and Reliability of Accelerometer-Based Arm Use Intensities in the Free-Living Environment for Manual Wheelchair Users and Able-Bodied Individuals

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brianna M. Goodwin ◽  
Omid Jahanian ◽  
Meegan G. Van Straaten ◽  
Emma Fortune ◽  
Stefan I. Madansingh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Wheelchair Users ◽  
Manual Wheelchair ◽  
Reliable Representation ◽  
Living Environments ◽  
Daily Time

Arm use in manual wheelchair (MWC) users is characterized by a combination of overuse and a sedentary lifestyle. This study aimed to describe the percentage of daily time MWC users and able-bodied individuals spend in each arm use intensity level utilizing accelerometers. Arm use intensity levels of the upper arms were defined as stationary, low, mid, and high from the signal magnitude area (SMA) of the segment accelerations based on in-lab MWC activities performed by eight MWC users. Accelerometry data were collected in the free-living environments from forty MWC users and 40 sex- and age-matched able-bodied individuals. The SMA intensity levels were applied to the free-living data and the percentage of time spent in each level was calculated. The SMA intensity levels were defined as, stationary: ≤0.67 g, low: 0.671–3.27 g, mid: 3.27–5.87 g, and high: >5.871 g. The dominant arm of both MWC users and able-bodied individuals was stationary for most of the day and less than one percent of the day was spent in high intensity arm activities. Increased MWC user age correlated with increased stationary arm time (R = 0.368, p = 0.019). Five and eight days of data are needed from MWC users and able-bodied individuals, respectively, to achieve reliable representation of their daily arm use intensities.

scholarly journals Humeral elevation workspace during daily life of adults with spinal cord injury who use a manual wheelchair compared to age and sex matched able-bodied controls

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0248978
Author(s):  
Brianna M. Goodwin ◽  
Stephen M. Cain ◽  
Meegan G. Van Straaten ◽  
Emma Fortune ◽  
Omid Jahanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Measurement Units ◽  
Typical Day ◽  
Age And Sex

Shoulder pain and pathology are extremely common for individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCI) who use manual wheelchairs (MWC). Although risky humeral kinematics have been measured during wheelchair-based activities performed in the lab, little is known about arm kinematics in the free-living environment. The purpose of this study was to measure the humeral elevation workspace throughout a typical day for individuals with SCI who use a MWC and matched able-bodied controls. Thirty-four individuals with SCI who use a MWC (42.7±12.7 years of age, 28 males/6 females, C6-L1) and 34 age-and sex-matched controls were enrolled. Participants wore three inertial measurement units (IMU) on their upper arms and torso for one to two days. Humeral elevation angles were estimated and the percentage of time individuals spent in five elevation bins (0–30°, 30–60°, 60–90°, 90–120°, and 120–180°) were calculated. For both arms, the SCI cohort spent a significantly lower percentage of the day in 0–30° of humeral elevation (Dominant: SCI = 15.7±12.6%, Control = 32.1±15.6%, p<0.0001; Non-Dominant: SCI = 21.9±17.8%, Control = 34.3±15.5%, p = 0.001) and a significantly higher percentage of time in elevations associated with tendon compression (30–60° of humeral elevation, Dominant: SCI = 62.8±14.4%, Control = 49.9.1±13.0%, p<0.0001; Non-Dominant: SCI = 58.8±14.9%, Control = 48.3±13.6%, p = 0.003) than controls. The increased percentage of time individuals with SCI spent in elevations associated with tendon compression may contribute to increased shoulder pathology. Characterizing the humeral elevation workspace utilized throughout a typical day may help in understanding the increased prevalence of shoulder pain and pathology in individuals with SCI who use MWCs.

scholarly journals Monitoring of Sitting Postures With Sensor Networks in Controlled and Free-living Environments: Systematic Review

10.2196/21105 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e21105
Author(s):  
Arpita Mallikarjuna Kappattanavar ◽  
Nico Steckhan ◽  
Jan Philipp Sachs ◽  
Harry Freitas da Cruz ◽  
Erwin Böttinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Medium Quality ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Future Work

Background A majority of employees in the industrial world spend most of their working time in a seated position. Monitoring sitting postures can provide insights into the underlying causes of occupational discomforts such as low back pain. Objective This study focuses on the technologies and algorithms used to classify sitting postures on a chair with respect to spine and limb movements. Methods A total of three electronic literature databases were surveyed to identify studies classifying sitting postures in adults. Quality appraisal was performed to extract critical details and assess biases in the shortlisted papers. Results A total of 14 papers were shortlisted from 952 papers obtained after a systematic search. The majority of the studies used pressure sensors to measure sitting postures, whereas neural networks were the most frequently used approaches for classification tasks in this context. Only 2 studies were performed in a free-living environment. Most studies presented ethical and methodological shortcomings. Moreover, the findings indicate that the strategic placement of sensors can lead to better performance and lower costs. Conclusions The included studies differed in various aspects of design and analysis. The majority of studies were rated as medium quality according to our assessment. Our study suggests that future work for posture classification can benefit from using inertial measurement unit sensors, since they make it possible to differentiate among spine movements and similar postures, considering transitional movements between postures, and using three-dimensional cameras to annotate the data for ground truth. Finally, comparing such studies is challenging, as there are no standard definitions of sitting postures that could be used for classification. In addition, this study identifies five basic sitting postures along with different combinations of limb and spine movements to help guide future research efforts.

Exercise Experiences and Barriers Among Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-205
Author(s):  
Chia Vang ◽  
Sergio Cuevas ◽  
Noreen Graf ◽  
Irmo Marini
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Support Groups ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Online Support Groups ◽  
Wheelchair Users ◽  
Fitness Center ◽  
Exercise Participation ◽  
Cord Injury

PurposeTo explore exercise experiences and beliefs related to barriers among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI).MethodsSeventy-four participants were recruited from a hospital, an independent living center, and online support groups. The Exercise Experiences and Spinal Cord Injury (EESCI) instrument included three scales to assess beliefs and experiences related to exercise participation.ResultsOur study found 80% of participants do not currently engage in competitive exercise or sports, however 48.6% do participate in noncompetitive sports. Most participants found it difficult to gather up motivation and allocate time to exercise. Also, 52% of participants who visited fitness centers reported no availability of accessible exercise equipment and access for wheelchair users. T-tests and ANOVA analyses were conducted to compare group means between demographic variables. Results indicated the perceived barriers among persons with SCI regarding lack of personal resources/finances, beliefs about fitness center accessibility regarding equipment, and perceived negative attitudes held by fitness center employees and customers.ConclusionRecommendations regarding how rehabilitation counselors can best work with clients on these issues including advocacy, counseling strategies, and future research directions are discussed.

scholarly journals The Use of Inertial Measurement Units for the Study of Free Living Environment Activity Assessment: A Literature Review

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 5625
Author(s):  
Sylvain Jung ◽  
Mona Michaud ◽  
Laurent Oudre ◽  
Eric Dorveaux ◽  
Louis Gorintin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Motion Sensors ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Inertial Measurement ◽  
Activity Assessment ◽  
Measurement Units ◽  
Wearable Motion Sensors ◽  
Free Living Conditions

This article presents an overview of fifty-eight articles dedicated to the evaluation of physical activity in free-living conditions using wearable motion sensors. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the technical aspects linked to sensors (types, number, body positions, and technical characteristics) as well as a deep discussion on the protocols implemented in free-living conditions (environment, duration, instructions, activities, and annotation). Finally, it presents a description and a comparison of the main algorithms and processing tools used for assessing physical activity from raw signals.

scholarly journals Humeral elevation workspace during daily life of adults with spinal cord injury who use a manual wheelchair compared to age and sex matched able-bodied controls

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brianna M Goodwin ◽  
Stephen M Cain ◽  
Meegan G Van Straaten ◽  
Emma Fortune ◽  
Melissa M Morrow
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Measurement Units ◽  
Typical Day ◽  
Arm Motion ◽  
Age And Sex

Shoulder pain and pathology are extremely common for individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCI) who use manual wheelchairs (MWC). Although risky humeral kinematics have been measured during wheelchair-based activities performed in the lab, little is known about arm motion in the free-living environment. The purpose of this study was to measure the humeral elevation workspace throughout a typical day for individuals with SCI and able-bodied matched controls. Thirty-four individuals with SCI who use a MWC (42.7 +/- 12.7 years of age, 28 males/6 females, C6-L1) and 34 age-and sex-matched controls were enrolled. Participants wore three inertial measurement units (IMU) on their upper arms and torso for one to two days. Humeral elevation angles were estimated and the percentage of time individuals spent in five elevation bins (0-30 degrees, 30-60 degrees, 60-90 degrees, 90-120 degrees, and 120-180 degrees) were calculated. For both arms, the SCI cohort spent a significantly lower percentage of the day in 0-30 degrees of humeral elevation (Dominant: SCI= 15.7 +/- 12.6%, Control= 32.1 +/- 15.6%, p<0.0001; Non-Dominant: SCI= 21.9 +/- 17.8%, Control= 34.3 +/- 15.5%, p=0.001) and a significantly higher percentage of time in elevations associated with tendon compression (30-60 degrees of humeral elevation, Dominant: SCI= 62.8 +/- 14.4%, Control= 49.9.1 +/- 13.0%, p<0.0001; Non-Dominant: SCI= 58.8 +/- 14.9%, Control= 48.3 +/- 13.6%, p=0.003) than controls. The increased percentage of time individuals with SCI spent in elevations associated with tendon compression may contribute to increased shoulder pathology. Characterizing the humeral elevation workspace utilized throughout a typical day may help in understanding the increased prevalence of shoulder pain and pathology in individuals with SCI who use MWCs.

scholarly journals Inertial Measurement Unit–Derived Ergonomic Metrics for Assessing Arm Use in Manual Wheelchair Users With Spinal Cord Injury: A Preliminary Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-25
Author(s):  
Omid Jahanian ◽  
Meegan G. Van Straaten ◽  
Brianna M. Goodwin ◽  
Stephen M. Cain ◽  
Ryan J. Lennon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wheelchair Users ◽  
Inertial Measurement ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Background: Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) who use manual wheelchairs (MWCs) have a higher rate of rotator cuff pathology progression than able-bodied individuals. Objectives: This study aimed to test the ability of risk and recovery metrics of arm use to differentiate between (1) MWC users with SCI and matched able-bodied participants (cross-sectional matched-sample study) and (2) MWC users with rotator cuff pathology progression over 1 year from those without pathology progression (longitudinal study). Methods: Thirty-four MWC users and 34 age- and sex-matched able-bodied individuals were recruited. Upper arm risk (humeral elevation &gt;60°) and recovery (static ≥5 seconds and humeral elevation &lt;40°) metrics were calculated from wireless inertial measurement units (IMUs) worn on the upper arms and torso in the free-living environment. Two separate magnetic resonance imaging studies were completed and assessed for a subset of 16 MWC users approximately 1 year apart. Results: The frequency of risk events (p = .019), summated duration of recovery events (p = .025), and duration of each recovery event (p = .003) were higher for MWC users than able-bodied participants. The summated duration of risk events (p = .047), frequency of risk events (p = .027), and risk to recovery ratio (p = .02) were higher and the summated duration of recovery events (p = .036) and frequency of recovery events (p = .047) were lower for MWC users with rotator cuff pathology progression (n = 5) compared to those without progression (n = 11). Conclusion: IMU-derived metrics quantifying arm use at postures &gt;60° and risk to recovery ratios may provide insights of potential risk factors for rotator cuff pathology progression.

scholarly journals Actigraphy-Based Associations Between Chronotype and Physical Activity in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 784-784
Author(s):  
Hilary Hicks ◽  
Genna Losinski ◽  
Alexandra Laffer ◽  
Amber Watts
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Chronotype is a measure of the time of day people prefer to be most active or to sleep. There is a known relationship between chronotype and engagement in physical activity in young and middle-aged adults, such that individuals with a morning chronotype engage in more physical activity compared to those with an evening chronotype. Our study aimed to replicate this finding in an older adult sample. Actigraphy can be used to measure both physical activity and sleep. Because of its ability to capture information about bedtime and arise time, actigraphy can serve as an objective measurement of chronotype. Participants were 159 older adults (ages 60-89, M = 74.73) who wore an ActiGraph GT9X on their non-dominant wrist for 7 days in a free-living environment. Chronotype was measured continuously using the midpoint of the ActiGraph-calculated sleep interval. We used multiple regression to determine the relationship between physical activity and chronotype adjusting for sex, age, and body mass index. Results suggest that while these variables explain a significant amount of variance in physical activity, R2 = 19.0%, F (4, 152) = 8.921, p &lt; .001, there is no significant relationship between chronotype and total physical activity in our sample, ß= -.117, p = .114. These findings are inconsistent with what has been shown in younger samples and suggest that the relationship between chronotype and physical activity may change as one ages. Future research should consider whether particular physical activity intensities (vs. total activity) may have a relationship with chronotype in older adults.

scholarly journals Measurement Performance of Activity Measurements with Newer Generation of Apple Watch in Wheelchair Users with Spinal Cord Injury

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils-Hendrik Benning ◽  
Petra Knaup ◽  
Rüdiger Rupp
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
T Test ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Altman Plot ◽  
Wheelchair Users ◽  
Bland Altman Plot ◽  
Activity Measurements ◽  
Cord Injury

Abstract Background The level of physical activity (PA) of people with spinal cord injury (SCI) has an impact on long-term complications. Currently, PA is mostly assessed by interviews. Wearable activity trackers are promising tools to objectively measure PA under everyday conditions. The only off-the-shelf, wearable activity tracker with specific measures for wheelchair users is the Apple Watch. Objectives This study analyzes the measurement performance of Apple Watch Series 4 for wheelchair users and compares it with an earlier generation of the device. Methods Fifteen participants with subacute SCI during their first in-patient phase followed a test course using their wheelchair. The number of wheelchair pushes was counted manually by visual inspection and with the Apple Watch. Difference between the Apple Watch and the rater was analyzed with mean absolute percent error (MAPE) and a Bland–Altman plot. To compare the measurement error of Series 4 and an older generation of the device a t-test was calculated using data for Series 1 from a former study. Results The average of differences was 12.33 pushes (n = 15), whereas participants pushed the wheelchair 138.4 times on average (range 86–271 pushes). The range of difference and the Bland–Altman plot indicate an overestimation by Apple Watch. MAPE is 9.20% and the t-test, testing for an effect of Series 4 on the percentage of error compared with Series 1, was significant with p < 0.05. Conclusion Series 4 shows a significant improvement in measurement performance compared with Series 1. Series 4 can be considered as a promising data source to capture the number of wheelchair pushes on even grounds. Future research should analyze the long-term measurement performance during everyday conditions of Series 4.

A Systematic Literature Review of the EFQM Excellence Model from 1991 to 2019

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yousaf ◽  
Petr Bris
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Research ◽  
European Foundation ◽  
The Subject

A systematic literature review (SLR) from 1991 to 2019 is carried out about EFQM (European Foundation for Quality Management) excellence model in this paper. The aim of the paper is to present state of the art in quantitative research on the EFQM excellence model that will guide future research lines in this field. The articles were searched with the help of six strings and these six strings were executed in three popular databases i.e. Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct. Around 584 peer-reviewed articles examined, which are directly linked with the subject of quantitative research on the EFQM excellence model. About 108 papers were chosen finally, then the purpose, data collection, conclusion, contributions, and type of quantitative of the selected papers are discussed and analyzed briefly in this study. Thus, this study identifies the focus areas of the researchers and knowledge gaps in empirical quantitative literature on the EFQM excellence model. This article also presents the lines of future research.

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