scholarly journals Homologous and heterologous antibodies to coronavirus 229E, NL63, OC43, HKU1, SARS, MERS and SARS-CoV-2 antigens in an age stratified cross-sectional serosurvey in a large tertiary hospital in The Netherlands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda M. Westerhuis ◽  
Erwin de Bruin ◽  
Felicity D Chandler ◽  
Chris R.B. Ramakers ◽  
Nisreen M.A. Okba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Erasmus Medical ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Species Specific

Understanding the coronavirus (CoV) antibody landscape in relation to disease and susceptibility is critical for modelling of steps in the next phase during the current covid-19 pandemic. In March 2020, during the first month of the epidemic in The Netherlands, we performed cross sectional studies at two time points amongst patients of the Erasmus Medical Centre in Rotterdam, to assess the presence of antibodies against seasonal human coronaviruses (OC43, 229E, NL63, HKU1), emerging zoonotic coronaviruses (SARS, MERS) and SARS-CoV-2 in nine different age groups. We observed minimal SARS-CoV-2 reactivity early March (0.7% of sera), increasing to 3.0%, four weeks later, suggesting probably undetected cases during this early phase of the epidemic. Antibody responses were mostly coronavirus species specific at young age, but possible cross-reactivity between human seasonal CoVs was observed with increasing age.

scholarly journals Waning antibody responses in COVID-19: what can we learn from the analysis of other coronaviruses?

Infection ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Hamady ◽  
JinJu Lee ◽  
Zuzanna A. Loboda
Keyword(s):  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Public Health Strategies ◽  
Antibody Dynamics

Abstract Objectives The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel betacoronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was declared a pandemic in March 2020. Due to the continuing surge in incidence and mortality globally, determining whether protective, long-term immunity develops after initial infection or vaccination has become critical. Methods/Results In this narrative review, we evaluate the latest understanding of antibody-mediated immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and to other coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and the four endemic human coronaviruses) in order to predict the consequences of antibody waning on long-term immunity against SARS-CoV-2. We summarise their antibody dynamics, including the potential effects of cross-reactivity and antibody waning on vaccination and other public health strategies. At present, based on our comparison with other coronaviruses we estimate that natural antibody-mediated protection for SARS-CoV-2 is likely to last for 1–2 years and therefore, if vaccine-induced antibodies follow a similar course, booster doses may be required. However, other factors such as memory B- and T-cells and new viral strains will also affect the duration of both natural and vaccine-mediated immunity. Conclusion Overall, antibody titres required for protection are yet to be established and inaccuracies of serological methods may be affecting this. We expect that with standardisation of serological testing and studies with longer follow-up, the implications of antibody waning will become clearer.

scholarly journals Differences in Fecal Microbiota in Different European Study Populations in Relation to Age, Gender, and Country: a Cross-Sectional Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 1027-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Mueller ◽  
Katiana Saunier ◽  
Christiana Hanisch ◽  
Elisabeth Norin ◽  
Livia Alm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Italian Study ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Species Specific

ABSTRACT A cross-sectional study on intestinal microbiota composition was performed on 230 healthy subjects at four European locations in France, Germany, Italy, and Sweden. The study participants were assigned to two age groups: 20 to 50 years (mean age, 35 years; n = 85) and >60 years (mean age, 75 years; n = 145). A set of 14 group- and species-specific 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes was applied to the analysis of fecal samples by fluorescence in situ hybridization coupled with flow cytometry. Marked country-age interactions were observed for the German and Italian study groups. These interactions were inverse for the predominant bacterial groups Eubacterium rectale-Clostridium coccoides and Bacteroides-Prevotella. Differences between European populations were observed for the Bifidobacterium group only. Proportions of bifidobacteria were two- to threefold higher in the Italian study population than in any other study group, and this effect was independent of age. Higher proportions of enterobacteria were found in all elderly volunteers independent of the location. Gender effects were observed for the Bacteroides-Prevotella group, with higher levels in males than in females. In summary, age-related differences in the microbiota makeup were detected but differed between the study populations from the four countries, each showing a characteristic colonization pattern.

scholarly journals Cross-reactive antibodies against human coronaviruses and the animal coronavirome suggest diagnostics for future zoonotic spillovers

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (61) ◽  
pp. eabe9950
Author(s):  
Shelley Klompus ◽  
Sigal Leviatan ◽  
Thomas Vogl ◽  
Roei D. Mazor ◽  
Iris N. Kalka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Antibody Binding ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Diagnostic Strategy ◽  
Binding Data ◽  
Antibody Repertoires ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Reactive Antibody ◽  
Shared Motif

The spillover of animal coronaviruses (aCoVs) to humans has caused SARS, MERS, and COVID-19. While antibody responses displaying cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal/common cold human coronaviruses (hCoVs) have been reported, potential cross-reactivity with aCoVs and the diagnostic implications are incompletely understood. Here, we probed for antibody binding against all seven hCoVs and 49 aCoVs represented as 12,924 peptides within a phage-displayed antigen library. Antibody repertoires of 269 recovered COVID-19 patients showed distinct changes compared to 260 unexposed pre-pandemic controls, not limited to binding of SARS-CoV-2 antigens but including binding to antigens from hCoVs and aCoVs with shared motifs to SARS-CoV-2. We isolated broadly reactive monoclonal antibodies from recovered COVID-19 patients that bind a shared motif of SARS-CoV-2, hCoV-OC43, hCoV-HKU1, and several aCoVs, demonstrating that interspecies cross-reactivity can be mediated by a single immunoglobulin. Employing antibody binding data against the entire CoV antigen library allowed accurate discrimination of recovered COVID-19 patients from unexposed individuals by machine learning. Leaving out SARS-CoV-2 antigens and relying solely on antibody binding to other hCoVs and aCoVs achieved equally accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The ability to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection without knowledge of its unique antigens solely from cross-reactive antibody responses against other hCoVs and aCoVs suggests a potential diagnostic strategy for the early stage of future pandemics. Creating regularly updated antigen libraries representing the animal coronavirome can provide the basis for a serological assay already poised to identify infected individuals following a future zoonotic transmission event.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Children with COVİD-19 in the First Month of the Outbreak in Turkey; Initial Pediatric Data from a Tertiary Hospital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aybüke Akaslan Kara ◽  
Elif Kıymet ◽  
Elif Böncüoğlu ◽  
Şahika Şahinkaya ◽  
Ela Cem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Training And Research ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The City

Objective: SARS-CoV-2, emerged in December 2019 in the city of Wuhan in the People’s Republic of China affects children as well as all age groups. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical features and outcomes of pediatric cases with COVID-19 in the first month of the epidemic in Turkey. Method: This single center cross-sectional study was conducted in University of Health Sciences Dr Behçet Uz Child Diseases and Pediatric Surgery Training and Research Hospital during the period of March 11 – April 20, 2020. Demographic, epidemiological and clinical data were collected from medical records. All patients were confirmed by real time reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction. Chidren were classified as asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe, and critically ill patients. Results: In this study, we reported the clinical characteristics of a case series involving 30 chilren with COVID-19 aged from 23 days to 16 years. Twenty-nine (96.7%) patients had confirmed contact with family members for COVİD-19. The majority of patients were asymptomatic (50%) or had mild symptoms (26.7%). Fever (46.6%) and cough (33.3%) were the most common symptoms. Conclusion: Our study indicated that COVID 19 in children exhibited less severe symptoms and had better outcomes

scholarly journals Peptide microarray based analysis of antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 identifies unique epitopes with potential for diagnostic test development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavlo Holenya ◽  
Paul Joris Lange ◽  
Ulf Reimer ◽  
Wolfram Woltersdorf ◽  
Thomas Panterodt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Immune Protection ◽  
Peptide Microarrays ◽  
Igg Binding ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Antibody Tests ◽  
Control Samples

SummaryHumoral immunity to the Severe Adult Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus (CoV)-2 is not fully understood yet but may be a crucial factor of immune protection. The possibility of antibody cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronaviruses (HCoVs) would have important implications for immune protection but also for the development of specific diagnostic ELISA tests. Using peptide microarrays, n=24 patient samples and n=12 control samples were screened for antibodies against the entire SARS-CoV-2 proteome as well as the Spike (S), Nucleocapsid (N), VME1 (V), R1ab, and Protein 3a (AP3A) of the HCoV strains SARS, MERS, OC43 and 229E. While widespread cross-reactivity was revealed across several immunodominant regions of S and N, IgG binding to several SARS-CoV-2-derived peptides provided statistically significant discrimination between COVID-19 patients and controls. Selected target peptides may serve as capture antigens for future, highly COVID-19-specific diagnostic antibody tests.

scholarly journals Impact of physical distancing measures against COVID-19 on contacts and mixing patterns: repeated cross-sectional surveys, the Netherlands, 2016–17, April 2020 and June 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jantien A Backer ◽  
Liesbeth Mollema ◽  
Eric RA Vos ◽  
Don Klinkenberg ◽  
Fiona RM van der Klis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Contact ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Baseline Levels ◽  
Mixing Patterns

Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries have implemented physical distancing measures to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Aim To measure the actual reduction of contacts when physical distancing measures are implemented. Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out in the Netherlands in 2016–17, in which participants reported the number and age of their contacts the previous day. The survey was repeated among a subsample of the participants in April 2020, after strict physical distancing measures were implemented, and in an extended sample in June 2020, after some measures were relaxed. Results The average number of community contacts per day was reduced from 14.9 (interquartile range (IQR): 4–20) in the 2016–17 survey to 3.5 (IQR: 0–4) after strict physical distancing measures were implemented, and rebounded to 8.8 (IQR: 1–10) after some measures were relaxed. All age groups restricted their community contacts to at most 5, on average, after strict physical distancing measures were implemented. In children, the number of community contacts reverted to baseline levels after measures were eased, while individuals aged 70 years and older had less than half their baseline levels. Conclusion Strict physical distancing measures greatly reduced overall contact numbers, which likely contributed to curbing the first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in the Netherlands. However, age groups reacted differently when measures were relaxed, with children reverting to normal contact numbers and elderly individuals maintaining restricted contact numbers. These findings offer guidance for age-targeted measures in future waves of the pandemic.

Trends in Dental Caries in The Netherlands

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.J. Truin ◽  
K.G. Konig ◽  
H. Kalsbeek
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Oral Health Status ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lack Of Information

Until 1985, epidemiological studies in The Netherlands were focused on school-age children. Up to that year, few caries prevalence data for (young) adults in selected groups were available. In 1986, the first National Dental Survey of the adult population was carried out in The Netherlands. Lack of information made it impossible for trends in dental caries in adults to be studied on a scientific basis. However, with use of cross-sectional studies conducted on selected adult populations between 1970 and 1989, an indication of a trend in dental caries is described. Evident changes in the age-specific average DMFT scores took place in the younger age groups. In the older age groups, the average DMFT score has not changed. Changes in percentages of edentates in the period 1980-1990 probably reflect part of the changes in oral health status of Dutch adults.

Association between outdoor PM2.5 and prevalence of COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (1129) ◽  
pp. 612-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Han ◽  
Xiaoyan Yang ◽  
Donggang Xu ◽  
Qin Wang ◽  
Dongqun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Publication Bias ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Variance Analysis ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies ◽  
Leave One Out ◽  
Age Over 60

There were conflictions and differences among the results of cross-sectional studies association between PM2.5 and COPD prevalence. We aimed to explore the real association between outdoor PM2.5 and COPD prevalence, analyze the possible cause to the differences and conflictions in previous cross-sectional studies. Cross-sectional literatures about the association between outdoor PM2.5 and COPD prevalence were selected up to 12 September 2018. Subgroup analysis was performed to explore the source of the heterogeneity. Publication bias was tested via funnel plot. Leave-one-out method was used to conduct influential analysis. Variance analysis was used to analyze the influence of concentration, literature quality and age (over 60 or not) on the ln (aOR) values. The initial search revealed 230 studies, of which 8 were selected. The heterogeneity in this study was significant (I2=62, P<0.01), and random effects model was used. The pooled OR for the association between PM2.5 and COPD prevalence is 2.32(95%CI, 1.91-2.82). There was no evidence of publication bias. Subgroup analysis showed the subgroup of age seemed to be the source of heterogeneity (P=0.0143, residual I2=0%). Variance analysis showed that the differences of ln (aOR) among each concentration group(p=0.0075) were statistically significant, the same as age groups(P=0.0234). This meta-analysis study demonstrated a conclusive association between PM2.5 and prevalence of COPD (OR: 2.32, 95%CI 1.91–2.82). The significant heterogeneity among selected studies was mainly caused by age (over 60 or not). High PM2.5 concentration should be needed in further research of the relationship between PM2.5 and chronic diseases.

scholarly journals Submicroscopic malaria infection is not associated with fever in cross-sectional studies in Malawi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmy Vareta ◽  
Andrea G Buchwald ◽  
Angelica Barrall ◽  
Lauren M. Cohee ◽  
Jenny A Walldorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies ◽  
Submicroscopic Infection

Abstract Background: Submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum infections are widespread in many areas. However, the contribution of these infections to symptomatic malaria is not well understood. In this study we evaluated whether participants with submicroscopic P. falciparum infections have higher prevalence of fever than uninfected participants in southern Malawi.Methods: We enrolled a total of 16,650 children and adults in the course of six cross-sectional surveys during the dry season (October - November) and after the rainy season (April - May) between 2012 - 2014 in three districts in southern Malawi. Demographic and socioeconomic data were collected in conjunction with data on clinical histories, use of malaria preventive measures, and antimalarial medication taken within two weeks of the survey. Axillary temperatures were measured, and blood samples were collected for P. falciparum detection by microscopy and PCR. Participants without malaria parasites detected on microscopy but with a positive PCR for P. falciparum were defined as having submicroscopic infection. Fever was defined as having any one of: reported fever in the past two weeks, reported fever in the past 48 hours, or a temperature of ≥37.5 °C measured at the time of interview.Results: Submicroscopic P. falciparum infections and fever were both detected in 9% of the study population. In the final analysis adjusted for clustering within household and enumeration area, having submicroscopic P. falciparum infection was associated with reduced odds of fever in the dry season (odds ratio = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.33 – 0.82); the association in the rainy season did not achieve statistical significance (odds ratio = 1.20; 95% CI: 0.91 – 1.59). The association between submicroscopic infection and fever was consistent across all age groups. When we limited the definition of fever to temperature of ≥37.5 °C measured at the time of interview, the association was not statistically significant in either the rainy or dry season.Conclusions: In this series of cross-sectional studies in southern Malawi, submicroscopic P. falciparum infection was not associated with increased risk of fever. Submicroscopic detection of the malaria parasite is important in efforts to decrease transmission but is not essential for the clinical recognition of malaria disease.

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