Were Neoarchean atmospheric methane hazes and early Paleoproterozoic glaciations driven by the rise of oxygen in surface environments?
AbstractInsofar as methane was the predominant greenhouse gas of the Archean and early Proterozoic eons, its wax and wane in Earth’s atmosphere would have contributed to climate change and the relative flux of harmful UV radiation to surface environments. If correct, understanding the first-order environmental controls (e.g., O2 or resource concentration) of the biological methane cycle might shed light on the repetition of biological, atmospheric and climatic events preserved in the sedimentary rock record between ~2.8 and 2.0 billion years ago. Environmental controls on the dynamics of methane cycling may further explain other repetitious events in deep time, as well as the present-day increase in the methane flux to the atmosphere from wetland environments. In this study, we developed an ecological interaction model to predict the conditions in which methane is preferentially released to the atmosphere, and found that the interplay of resource and O2 availability can cause complex cyclic patterns in methane dynamics that are unrelated to the size and efficiency of any of the microbial communities, to initial conditions, or to other model constraints. Based on these model results, we propose that the cyclicity of methane haze events and glacial episodes in the late Archean and early Proterozoic may have been linked to the progressive increase in oceanic and atmospheric O2 through the interval.