scholarly journals A simple, effective enclosure with disposable coverings for inexpensive containment of aerosolized COVID viruses during tracheal intubation and extubation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke W. Monroe ◽  
Jack S. Johnson ◽  
Howard B. Gutstein ◽  
John P. Lawrence ◽  
Keith Lejeune ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tracheal Intubation ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Additional Layer ◽  
Tracheal Suctioning ◽  
Ease Of Access

Structured AbstractBackgroundSARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is a severe respiratory virus that can be transmitted through aerosol particles produced by coughing, talking, and breathing. Medical procedures used to treat severe cases such as tracheal intubation, extubation, and tracheal suctioning produce infectious aerosol particles. This presents significant risk for viral exposure of nearby healthcare workers during and following tracheal operations. This study looks at an enclosure to limit medical personnel’s exposure to these particles.MethodsA low-cost plastic enclosure was designed to reduce aerosol spread and viral transmission during intubation and extubation procedures. The enclosure consists of clear polycarbonate for maximum visibility. Large side cutouts provide health care providers with ease of access to the patient. Aerosol particle instruments measured the aerosol containment efficacy after applying various types of plastic coverings to seal the side openings. The use of negative pressure was also tested.ResultsThe enclosure with 2 layers of plastic coverings sealing the side openings reduced total escaped particle number concentrations (diameter > 0.01 μm) by over 93% at 3 inches away from all openings. Concentration decay experiments indicated that the enclosure without active suction should be left on the patient for 15-20 minutes following a tracheal manipulation to allow sufficient time for >90% of aerosol particles to settle upon interior surfaces. This decreases to 5 minutes when 30 LPM suction is applied.ConclusionsThis enclosure is an inexpensive, easily implemented additional layer of protection that can be used to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 aerosol transmission between patients and healthcare workers.

scholarly journals Prevalence, risk factors and sources of anxiety among Emergency Department healthcare workers in Pakistan during COVID-19 pandemic: A single center survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Haroon ◽  
S. S. Owais ◽  
A. S. Khan ◽  
J. Amin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Nonparametric Tests ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Frontline Workers

Summary COVID-19 has challenged the mental health of healthcare workers confronting it world-wide. Our study identifies the prevalence and risk of anxiety among emergency healthcare workers confronting COVID-19 in Pakistan. We conducted a cross-sectional survey in an Emergency Department using the Generalized Anxiety Scale (GAD-7), and questions about sources of anxiety. Of 107 participants, 61.7% were frontline workers. The prevalence of anxiety was 50.5%. Nonparametric tests determined that nurses, younger and inexperienced staff, developed significant anxiety. Multivariate ordinal regression determined independent risk factors for developing anxiety were younger age (OR 2.11, 95% CI 0.89–4.99) and frontline placement (OR 1.34, 95% CI 0.33–1.66). Significant sources of stress were fear of infecting family (P = 0.003), lack of social support when the health care providers were themselves unwell (P = 0.02) and feelings of inadequate work performance (P = 0.05). Our study finds that HCWs’ anxiety is considerable. Appropriate measures for its alleviation and prevention are required.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic among Health Care Providers in Bangladesh: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
pp. S8-S15
Author(s):  
Md Jamal Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The World ◽  
Numerous People

Background: The world has been passing the most critical time of the century with the COVID-19 pandemic since late December 2019, and numerous people, including a significant portion of health care providers, got the infection and are still sacrificing their lives. Objective: The study was aimed systematically to assess the severity of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially in health care sectors, and to appraise the physical, psychological, and social effects of the COVID-19 epidemic among frontline fighters in Bangladesh. Methodology: The keywords: “COVID-19”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “health care system in Bangladesh”, “health care providers”, etc. were searched to collect the desired articles by utilizing various search engines like google, google scholar, pub med, and science direct journals. Data were extracted and finally, were summarized, discussed, analysed, and reported the study results. Result: Numerous specialist doctors, nurses, and all other healthcare workers are immolating their lives to save human entities amid the current coronavirus pandemic, 2019 (COVID-19). In Bangladesh, till August 9, 2020, 73 doctors, including some senior specialists, died of COVID-19 infection reported by various national newspapers. At the early phase of this epidemic in Bangladesh, around 10% of the total infection was found among health workers, alarmingly reported by the Bangladesh Medical Association (BMA). These frontline fighters are additionally confronting numerous challenges, including psychological sufferings, and furthermore, they are assaulted by the society. Conclusion: Since these fighters are relinquishing their beloved lives to protect us from this brutal virus, we are trying to show our profound gratitude, appreciation, thousands of salutes, and undying tribute to these health care fighters with this publication. Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, October 2020;7(suppl_2):S8-S15

scholarly journals A Needs Assessment of Latino Men’s Health Concerns

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Peak ◽  
Julie Gast ◽  
Denice Ahlstrom
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Latino Men ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Traditional Health ◽  
The Impact

Historically, Latino men are an understudied group. Researchers know little about the impact of culture or gender on health concerns. In this study, focus groups with Latino men were held that investigated their health concerns, barriers, motivators, and access to health information and health services. Additionally, the researchers wished to determine if a church-based design might help reach men who might not be responsive to more traditional health education or public health routes. Results included that the Latino male participants in this study wanted health information but wanted it to be more specific and in an accessible format. They also desired more Spanish-speaking health care providers and were acutely interested in low-cost health care. Prevention was not of much interest to these participants. Church-attending participants were interested in church-based health education.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Social Support and Postpartum Depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-103
Author(s):  
Sayareh Hajipoor ◽  
◽  
Sedigheh Pakseresht ◽  
Maryam Niknami ◽  
Zahra Atrkar Roshan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Comprehensive Health ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Support Score

Introduction: Postpartum depression is a common and severe problem that has adverse effects on maternal and family health. Social support is one of the determinants of health, and in recent years has received increasing attention, and its overlook is a significant risk factor for postpartum depression. Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between social support and postpartum depression in women referring to comprehensive health centers in Rasht City, Iran. Materials and Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional, analytical study performed on 300 mothers referred to the comprehensive health service centers in Rasht 2-4 weeks after their deliveries. They were selected by cluster sampling method, which was done systematically within each cluster. The study data were collected using a three-part questionnaire of demographic characteristics, Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS), and Hopkins social support. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (t-test, Friedman, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman correlation coefficient, and rank logistic regression). Results: The results showed that the mean±SD age of the study mothers was 29±5.3 years. About 63.7% of mothers had low postpartum depression, and their mean±SD total score of social support was 64.03±16.92. The most support received from the spauses and parents. There was a statistically significant relationship between social support received by mothers after childbirth with education level (P=0.003), job (P=0.001), spauses’ job (P=0.001), income (P=0.001), residence status (P=0.043), number of deliveries (P=0.05) and pregnancy desire (P=0.047) and there was a significant inverse correlation between depression score and social support score by spauses (P=0.004, r=-0.167), parents (P=0.002, r=-0.176) and total social support score (P=0.024, r =-0.130). After adjusting for individual social variables, the effect of social support score on the part of the spauses (P=0.001), parents (P=0.006), friends, and relatives (P=0.033) continued to be associated with the severity of depression. Also, the number of deliveries (P=0.05) and h spauses’ jobs (self-employed) were significant compared to the unemployed ones (P=0.049). Conclusion: The results showed a significant and inverse relationship between social support and symptoms of postpartum depression. Although these results show the most support from spauses and parents, the amount of support received in the area of spauses’ ​​parents, friends, and relatives were low. It is necessary to draw the attention of midwives and health care providers to mothers and inform them about the importance of social support and its prominent role in reducing postpartum depression.

scholarly journals Multilingual Global E-Learning Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Curriculum for Front Line Health Care Providers in Resource-Limited Countries: Development Study

10.2196/18555 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. e18555
Author(s):  
Evangelia Kalaitzoglou ◽  
Edna Majaliwa ◽  
Margaret Zacharin ◽  
Carine de Beaufort ◽  
Jean-Pierre Chanoine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Pediatric Endocrinology ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Learning Module ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
E Learning

Background Electronic learning (e-learning) is a widely accessible, low-cost option for learning remotely in various settings that allows interaction between an instructor and a learner. Objective We describe the development of a free and globally accessible multilingual e-learning module that provides education material on topics in pediatric endocrinology and diabetes and that is intended for first-line physicians and health workers but also trainees or medical specialists in resource-limited countries. Methods As complements to concise chapters, interactive vignettes were constructed, exemplifying clinical issues and pitfalls, with specific attention to the 3 levels of medical health care in resource-limited countries. The module is part of a large e-learning portal, ESPE e-learning, which is based on ILIAS (Integriertes Lern-, Informations- und Arbeitskooperations-System), an open-source web-based learning management system. Following a review by global experts, the content was translated by native French, Spanish, Swahili, and Chinese–speaking colleagues into their respective languages using a commercial web-based translation tool (SDL Trados Studio). Results Preliminary data suggest that the module is well received, particularly in targeted parts of the world and that active promotion to inform target users is warranted. Conclusions The e-learning module is a free globally accessible multilingual up-to-date tool for use in resource-limited countries that has been utilized thus far with success. Widespread use will require dissemination of the tool on a global scale.

scholarly journals GENITAL TRACT TRAUMA

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (04) ◽  
pp. 573-576
Author(s):  
Anam Zulfiqar ◽  
Afshan Saeed ◽  
Shahana Rahat
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Cervical Injury ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Vaginal Injury

Aims and objectives: To record frequency of factors responsible for genitaltract trauma in pregnant females undergoing vaginal delivery. Study Design: Descriptivecross sectional trial. Period: 18-11-2015 to 17-02-2016 (3 months). Settings: Holy FamilyHospital, Rawalpindi. Material & methods: 100 cases with genital tract trauma during delivery(at hospital or referral) in the form of tears or laceration, which may be cervical, vaginal orperineal were included in the study. After third stage of labour, we examined vulva, vagina andcervix for presence of any tears/lacerations. The causative factors of lacerations/tears includingmode of delivery (assisted/spontaneous) birth weight of the neonate (<4kg/>4kg), multiparous/ primiparous and place of labour (referral/institutional) were recorded. Results: Mean age28.88+3.41 years, cervical injury in 26% (n=26) cases, vaginal injury was present in 36%(n=36) and 38% (n=38) and findings of perineal injury. Risk factors causing genital tract traumawere recorded as 10%(n=10) had institutional place of labour while 90%(n=90) were deliveredoutside hospital through untrained health care providers, 24%(n=24) were primiparous while76%(n=76) were multiparous, 69%(n=69) were delivered spontaneously, 31%(n=31) hadassisted delivery, 67%(n=67) had >4kg fetal weight at birth while 33%(n=33) had <4kg weightof fetus at birth. Conclusion: Un-booked and birth outside hospital by unskilled health careworkers was the significant risk factor responsible for genital tract trauma.

scholarly journals Sheet Barrier and Intubating Stylet

Encyclopedia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 1058-1075
Author(s):  
Phil B. Tsai ◽  
Hsiang-Ning Luk
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Tracheal Intubation ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Medical Procedures ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Plastic Sheet ◽  
Droplet Nuclei ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a respiratory syndrome caused by SARS-CoV-2, can be transmitted through respiratory droplets and aerosols of droplet nuclei. Aerosol-generating medical procedures (AGMP) are needed to take care of critically ill patients but place health care providers at risk of infection. With limited supplies of personal protective equipment (PPE), barrier systems were developed to help protect health care providers during tracheal intubation. The video intubating stylet shows promise to become the preferred intubation device in conjunction with plastic sheet barriers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Digital Interventions to Reduce Distress Among Health Care Providers at the Frontline: Protocol for a Feasibility Trial (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binh Nguyen ◽  
Andrei Torres ◽  
Walter Sim ◽  
Deborah Kenny ◽  
Lindsay Beavers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Moral Distress ◽  
Feasibility Trial ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Digital Intervention ◽  
Challenging Situation

BACKGROUND Stress, anxiety, distress and depression are high among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic and they have reported acting in ways that are contrary to their moral values, integrity, and professional commitments that degrade their integrity. This creates moral distress and injury as a result of constraints they have encountered, such as limited resources. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to develop and show feasibility of digital platform (Virtual Reality (VR) and mobile platform) to understand the causes and ultimately reduce the moral distress of healthcare providers during the COVID-19 pandemic. This project is a proof-of-concept integration of concepts/applications to demonstrate viability over six months and serve as a guide for future studies to develop these state-of-the-art technologies to help frontline healthcare workers work in complex moral contexts. The project will develop innovations which can be used for future pandemics and in other contexts prone to producing moral distress and injury. METHODS This will be a prospective, single cohort, pre- and post-test study examining the effect of brief informative video describing moral distress on perceptual, psychological, and physiological indicators of stress and decision-making during the scenario known to potentially elicit moral distress. To accomplish this, we have developed a VR simulation scenario that will be used before and after the digital intervention for monitoring of short-term impacts. The simulation involves an ICU setting during the COVID-19 pandemic and participants will be placed in a morally challenging situation, the participants will be engaged at the individual, team, and organizational levels. During each test, data will be collected for a) physiological measures of stress and after each test, data will be collected regarding b) thoughts, feelings and behaviors during a morally challenging situation, and c) perceptual estimates of psychological stress. We aim to create an effective compound intervention that is composed of the VR-based simulation educational intervention that is verified through the data collection of mental health questionnaires. In addition, participants will continue to be monitored for moral distress and other psychological stresses for 8 weeks through our Digital intervention/intelligence Group mobile (DiiG) platform for longer-term impact. A baseline comparison will be conducted using machine learning and statistical techniques to analyze the short- and long-term impacts of the VR intervention. RESULTS Funded in (November, 2020), approved by REB in (March, 2021), study is ongoing. CONCLUSIONS This project aims to demonstrate the feasibility of using digital platforms to understand the continuum of moral distress that can lead to moral injury. Demonstration of feasibility will lead to future studies to examine the efficacy of digital platforms to reduce moral distress. CLINICALTRIAL Trial registry name: ClinicalTrials.gov Registration/identifier number: NCT05001542 URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05001542

scholarly journals Guidance for Studies Evaluating the Accuracy of Tuberculosis Triage Tests

2019 ◽  
Vol 220 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. S116-S125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruvandhi R Nathavitharana ◽  
Christina Yoon ◽  
Peter Macpherson ◽  
David W Dowdy ◽  
Adithya Cattamanchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Confirmatory Tests ◽  
Ease Of Access ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Triage Test

Abstract Approximately 3.6 million cases of active tuberculosis (TB) go potentially undiagnosed annually, partly due to limited access to confirmatory diagnostic tests, such as molecular assays or mycobacterial culture, in community and primary healthcare settings. This article provides guidance for TB triage test evaluations. A TB triage test is designed for use in people with TB symptoms and/or significant risk factors for TB. Triage tests are simple and low-cost tests aiming to improve ease of access and implementation (compared with confirmatory tests) and decrease the proportion of patients requiring more expensive confirmatory testing. Evaluation of triage tests should occur in settings of intended use, such as community and primary healthcare centers. Important considerations for triage test evaluation include study design, population, sample type, test throughput, use of thresholds, reference standard (ideally culture), and specimen flow. The impact of a triage test will depend heavily on issues beyond accuracy, primarily centered on implementation.

scholarly journals Depth of Necrosis Using Different Ablation Techniques in Healthy Cervical Tissue

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 4s-5s
Author(s):  
Miriam Cremer ◽  
Karla Alfaro ◽  
Mauricio Maza ◽  
Philip E. Castle ◽  
Albert Zevallos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Cervical Tissue ◽  
Low Resource Settings ◽  
Low Resource

Abstract 22 Background: Screening followed by treatment has been a key contributor to the reduction of cervical cancer in industrialized countries and is critical to reduce its burden in low-resource countries. Screening technologies that are appropriate for low-resource settings have advanced considerably; however, treatment technologies have lagged. Treatment methods that are used in developing countries must be low cost, effective, and adaptable for areas with limited infrastructure and health care providers. This study was performed to determine the depth of necrosis in cervical tissue achieved with three treatment devices: conventional cryotherapy with CO2, the CryoPen (CryoPen, Corpus Christi, TX) adapted for low-resource settings, and the thermocoagulator. Methods: One hundred twenty-five women who were scheduled for hysterectomy for indications other than cervical pathology were randomly assigned to one of five treatment arms: single-freeze arms and double-freeze arms for both conventional cryotherapy and the adapted CryoPen, and a single application of thermoablation at 100° C for 40 seconds. Treatment was administered 12 to 24 hours before hysterectomy. Depth of necrosis in cervical specimens was measured by pathologists who were blinded to the treatment modality. Results: A total of 119 women have been enrolled to date, and 114 specimens have been reviewed. Mean depth of necrosis is 5.1 mm (0.9 to 8.5 mm) for single-freeze cryotherapy, 5.6 mm (3.8 to 10.5 mm) for double-freeze cryotherapy, 4.9 mm (3.5 to 8.5 mm) for single-freeze adapted CryoPen; 4.5 mm (3.0 to 7.3 mm) for double-freeze adapted CryoPen, and 3.7 mm (1.9 to 5.5 mm) for the thermoablation ( Table 1 ). Conclusion: The depths of necrosis achieved with the three different ablation modalities are competitive and surpass the targeted depth of 3.5 mm established a priori. Results thus far have demonstrated that devices that are optimized for use in low-resource settings can be as effective as conventional cryotherapy in treating cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. [Table: see text] AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST Miriam Cremer Honoraria: Merck Speakers' Bureau: Merck Travel, Accommodations, Expenses: Merck Other Relationship: Basic Health International Karla Alfaro No relationship to disclose Mauricio Maza No relationship to disclose Philip E. Castle No relationship to disclose Albert Zevallos No relationship to disclose Ana Cecilia Diaz de Uriarte No relationship to disclose Manuel Alvarez No relationship to disclose Manuel Salinas No relationship to disclose Ana Sofia Ore No relationship to disclose Luis Taxa No relationship to disclose Juan Felix Expert Testimony: Johnson & Johnson, Philip Morris

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