scholarly journals Activity of epigenetic inhibitors against Babesia divergens

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leen N. Vanheer ◽  
Björn F.C. Kafsack
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
Babesia Divergens ◽  
Nanomolar Range

ABSTRACTBabesiosis in a tick-borne parasitic disease of humans and livestock, that has dramatically increased in frequency and geographical range over the past few decades. Infection of cattle often causes large economic losses, and human infection can be fatal in immunocompromised patients. Unlike for malaria, another disease caused by hemoprotozoan parasites, limited treatment options exist for Babesia infections. As epigenetic regulation is a promising target for new anti-parasitic drugs, we screened 324 epigenetic inhibitors against Babesia divergens blood stages and identified 75 (23%) and 17 (5%) compounds that displayed ≥90% inhibition at 10 µM and 1 µM, respectively, including over a dozen compounds with activity in the low nanomolar range. We observed differential activity of some inhibitor classes against Babesia divergens and Plasmodium falciparum parasites and identified pairs of compounds with a high difference in activity, despite a high similarity in chemical structure, highlighting new insights into the development of epigenetic inhibitors as anti-parasitic drugs.

Endovenous procedures in varicose veins

Phlebologie ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (05) ◽  
pp. 229-236
Author(s):  
N. Cayne ◽  
G. Jacobowitz ◽  
P. Lamparello ◽  
T. Maldonado ◽  
C. Rockman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Postoperative Recovery ◽  
Comparable Efficacy ◽  
Intense Pulse Light ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Endovenous Laser Ablation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Early Evidence ◽  
Endovenous Treatment

SummaryOver the past ten years endoveous treatment options for varicose veins have evovled considerably, offering clinicians a multitude of options to meet the needs of their patients. The endothermal ablation procedures have moved to the forefront as the choice modality for treating truncal reflux. Both radiofrequency ablation and endovenous laser ablation are widely accepted and interchangeable, showing comparable efficacy and safety. Although numerous endovenous laser wavelengths exist, the data indicates that the differences do not affect the efficacy or postoperative recovery of the procedure. The endovenous laser innovation that has shown early evidence of improved patient outcome is the jacket-tip fiber. The versatility of sclerotherapy makes it a critical component in the endovenous treatment of varicosities. Although not approved by the Food and Drug Administration (USA), the use of a foamed sclerosing agent is the fastest growing segment of sclerotherapy and an important treatment modality in the future of varicose vein treatment. Cutaneous lasers and intense pulse light devices contribute a crucial element, enabling clinicians to treat minute veins that may be impossible to treat with other therapies.

Conventional versus Mindfulness-based Interventions for Anxiety and Worry: A Review and Recommendations

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Deah Jo Abbott ◽  
Caleb Wayne Lack
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
The Past ◽  
Behavioral Therapies ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapies ◽  
Specific Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Problems

Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent and most functionally impairing psychiatric problems experienced by the population. Both pharmacological and psychological evidencebased treatments exist for a number of specific disorders, but may fail to fully relieve symptoms, pointing to the need for additional treatment options. Often considered to be part of the “third wave” of cognitive-behavioral therapies, treatments incorporating mindfulness have emerged in the past two decades as increasingly popular with clinicians and frequently sought out by consumers. The present article reviews the extant literature regarding the efficacy and effectiveness of mindfulnessbased treatments for anxiety, worry, and related problems. Although they have not attained the solid empirical status of CBT or certain pharmacological treatments, the extant research shows mindfulness- based interventions appear to be a promising and useful treatment for people suffering from anxiety and worry. Further work should be done, levels 3-5 of the NIH stage model to determine whether or not they should be further implemented.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Advances in Oncology

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 2008
Author(s):  
Jinsha Liu ◽  
Priyanka Pandya ◽  
Sepideh Afshar
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Bispecific Antibodies ◽  
Gene Therapies ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Drug Conjugates ◽  
Novel Targets

Around 77 new oncology drugs were approved by the FDA in the past five years; however, most cancers remain untreated. Small molecules and antibodies are dominant therapeutic modalities in oncology. Antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific antibodies, peptides, cell, and gene-therapies are emerging to address the unmet patient need. Advancement in the discovery and development platforms, identification of novel targets, and emergence of new technologies have greatly expanded the treatment options for patients. Here, we provide an overview of various therapeutic modalities and the current treatment options in oncology, and an in-depth discussion of the therapeutics in the preclinical stage for the treatment of breast cancer, lung cancer, and multiple myeloma.

scholarly journals Neuronal Dopamine D3 Receptors: Translational Implications for Preclinical Research and CNS Disorders

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Béla Kiss ◽  
István Laszlovszky ◽  
Balázs Krámos ◽  
András Visegrády ◽  
Amrita Bobok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Drug Research ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Partial Agonists ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
The Status ◽  
Dopamine D3

Dopamine (DA), as one of the major neurotransmitters in the central nervous system (CNS) and periphery, exerts its actions through five types of receptors which belong to two major subfamilies such as D1-like (i.e., D1 and D5 receptors) and D2-like (i.e., D2, D3 and D4) receptors. Dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) was cloned 30 years ago, and its distribution in the CNS and in the periphery, molecular structure, cellular signaling mechanisms have been largely explored. Involvement of D3Rs has been recognized in several CNS functions such as movement control, cognition, learning, reward, emotional regulation and social behavior. D3Rs have become a promising target of drug research and great efforts have been made to obtain high affinity ligands (selective agonists, partial agonists and antagonists) in order to elucidate D3R functions. There has been a strong drive behind the efforts to find drug-like compounds with high affinity and selectivity and various functionality for D3Rs in the hope that they would have potential treatment options in CNS diseases such as schizophrenia, drug abuse, Parkinson’s disease, depression, and restless leg syndrome. In this review, we provide an overview and update of the major aspects of research related to D3Rs: distribution in the CNS and periphery, signaling and molecular properties, the status of ligands available for D3R research (agonists, antagonists and partial agonists), behavioral functions of D3Rs, the role in neural networks, and we provide a summary on how the D3R-related drug research has been translated to human therapy.

Advances in Surgical Approaches to Dural Fistulas

Neurosurgery ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S32-S41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick P. Youssef ◽  
Albert Jess Schuette ◽  
C. Michael Cawley ◽  
Daniel L. Barrow
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Venous Drainage ◽  
Venous Hypertension ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Dural Sinus ◽  
Intraoperative Angiography ◽  
Indocyanine Green Videoangiography ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas

Abstract Dural arteriovenous fistulas are abnormal connections of dural arteries to dural veins or venous sinuses originating from within the dural leaflets. They are usually located near or within the wall of a dural venous sinus that is frequently obstructed or stenosed. The dural fistula sac is contained within the dural leaflets, and drainage can be via a dural sinus or retrograde through cortical veins (leptomeningeal drainage). Dural arteriovenous fistulas can occur at any dural sinus but are found most frequently at the cavernous or transverse sinus. Leptomeningeal venous drainage can lead to venous hypertension and intracranial hemorrhage. The various treatment options include transarterial and transvenous embolization, stereotactic radiosurgery, and open surgery. Although many of the advances in dural arteriovenous fistula treatment have occurred in the endovascular arena, open microsurgical advances in the past decade have primarily been in the tools available to the surgeon. Improvements in microsurgical and skull base approaches have allowed surgeons to approach and obliterate fistulas with little or no retraction of the brain. Image-guided systems have also allowed better localization and more efficient approaches. A better understanding of the need to simply obliterate the venous drainage at the site of the fistula has eliminated the riskier resections of the past. Finally, the use of intraoperative angiography or indocyanine green videoangiography confirms the complete disconnection of fistula while the patient is still on the operating room table, preventing reoperation for residual fistulas.

scholarly journals Moraxella catarrhalis: from Emerging to Established Pathogen

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cees M. Verduin ◽  
Cees Hol ◽  
André Fleer ◽  
Hans van Dijk ◽  
Alex van Belkum
Keyword(s):  
Moraxella Catarrhalis ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
The Past

SUMMARY Moraxella catarrhalis (formerly known as Branhamella catarrhalis) has emerged as a significant bacterial pathogen of humans over the past two decades. During this period, microbiological and molecular diagnostic techniques have been developed and improved for M. catarrhalis, allowing the adequate determination and taxonomic positioning of this pathogen. Over the same period, studies have revealed its involvement in respiratory (e.g., sinusitis, otitis media, bronchitis, and pneumonia) and ocular infections in children and in laryngitis, bronchitis, and pneumonia in adults. The development of (molecular) epidemiological tools has enabled the national and international distribution of M. catarrhalis strains to be established, and has allowed the monitoring of nosocomial infections and the dynamics of carriage. Indeed, such monitoring has revealed an increasing number of Β-lactamase-positive M. catarrhalis isolates (now well above 90%), underscoring the pathogenic potential of this organism. Although a number of putative M. catarrhalis virulence factors have been identified and described in detail, their relationship to actual bacterial adhesion, invasion, complement resistance, etc. (and ultimately their role in infection and immunity), has been established in a only few cases. In the past 10 years, various animal models for the study of M. catarrhalis pathogenicity have been described, although not all of these models are equally suitable for the study of human infection. Techniques involving the molecular manipulation of M. catarrhalis genes and antigens are also advancing our knowledge of the host response to and pathogenesis of this bacterial species in humans, as well as providing insights into possible vaccine candidates. This review aims to outline our current knowledge of M. catarrhalis, an organism that has evolved from an emerging to a well-established human pathogen.

scholarly journals Bacteria in Cancer Therapy: Renaissance of an Old Concept

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Felgner ◽  
Dino Kocijancic ◽  
Michael Frahm ◽  
Siegfried Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Novel Treatment ◽  
Vector Systems ◽  
Rising Incidence ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Therapeutic Compounds ◽  
The 19Th Century

The rising incidence of cancer cases worldwide generates an urgent need of novel treatment options. Applying bacteria may represent a valuable therapeutic variant that is intensively investigated nowadays. Interestingly, the idea to apply bacteria wittingly or unwittingly dates back to ancient times and was revived in the 19th century mainly by the pioneer William Coley. This review summarizes and compares the results of the past 150 years in bacteria mediated tumor therapy from preclinical to clinical studies. Lessons we have learned from the past provide a solid foundation on which to base future efforts. In this regard, several perspectives are discussed by which bacteria in addition to their intrinsic antitumor effect can be used as vector systems that shuttle therapeutic compounds into the tumor. Strategic solutions like these provide a sound and more apt exploitation of bacteria that may overcome limitations of conventional therapies.

scholarly journals Will neuroimaging produce a clinical tool for psychiatry?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satrajit S Ghosh ◽  
Justin T. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
The Past ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
Imaging Research ◽  
Information Streams

The increasing incidence, awareness, and social and economic impact of mental health disorders, the current status quo of treatment options and their limited success, and the extensive investment into brain imaging research raises an important question for the future behavioral medicine: will neuroimaging produce a clinical tool for psychiatry? Significant advances in neuroimaging over the past two decades allow psychiatric clinicians to peer into the living, functioning brain. Neuroimaging has been used to diagnose mental illnesses, to predict treatment outcomes, to find new stratifications of psychiatric disorders, and to provide therapy. The development of computational techniques, alongside several population neuroimaging efforts worldwide, increase the prospect for a first neuroimaging-based clinical tool. In this article, we describe the formidable challenges to creating such a tool and forecast how current institutions can solve them through social, technical, educational, and policy changes, improving data sharing practices, advances in technology, and integration between neuroimaging and other emerging information streams.

scholarly journals Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Preclinical in vitro and ex vivo Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beate Gündel ◽  
Xinyuan Liu ◽  
Matthias Löhr ◽  
Rainer Heuchel
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
3D Cell Culture ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
The Past ◽  
Slow Progress

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most overlooked cancers despite its dismal median survival time of 6 months. The biggest challenges in improving patient survival are late diagnosis due to lack of diagnostic markers, and limited treatment options due to almost complete therapy resistance. The past decades of research identified the dense stroma and the complex interplay/crosstalk between the cancer- and the different stromal cells as the main culprits for the slow progress in improving patient outcome. For better ex vivo simulation of this complex tumor microenvironment the models used in PDAC research likewise need to become more diverse. Depending on the focus of the investigation, several in vitro and in vivo models for PDAC have been established in the past years. Particularly, 3D cell culture such as spheroids and organoids have become more frequently used. This review aims to examine current PDAC in vitro models, their inherent limitations, and their successful implementations in research.

scholarly journals Botanicals: a natural approach to control ascaridiosis in poultry

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 711 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. SYMEONIDOU ◽  
E. BONOS ◽  
K. MOUSTAKIDIS ◽  
P. FLOROU-PANERI ◽  
E. CHRISTAKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Losses ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Natural Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Anthelmintic Efficacy ◽  
Anthelmintic Drugs

Parasites (protozoa, helminthes, arthropods) represent a main threat for poultry worldwide. Among helminthes, nematodes constitute the most important group of parasites of poultry. The nematode Ascaridia galli, the cause of ascaridiosis in poultry, is one of the most important and prevalent parasites, resulting in serious economic losses, associated with the treatment cost, the decreased feed efficiency, and the poor egg and meat production. During the past few decades the indiscriminate use of anthelmintic drugs has generated several cases of resistance in helminthes in poultry, situation which is coupled with the severity of residues in poultry products. For this reason, nowadays attention has been drawn to the use of botanicals in poultry diet, due to their anthelmintic properties. Furthermore, the dietary use eco-friend ly of these plant derived substances compared to conventional synthetic anthelmintic drugs is considered as a natural and ecofriendly approach by the consumers. The focus of the present review is to recapitulate the studies, both in vivo and in vitro, that have demonstrated the anthelmintic efficacy of various dietary botanicals in controlling poultry ascaridiosis.

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