scholarly journals Temporal Scaling of Human Scalp-Recorded Potentials During Interval Estimation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron D. Hassall ◽  
Jack Harley ◽  
Nils Kolling ◽  
Laurence T. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Single Unit ◽  
Interval Estimation ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Temporal Scaling ◽  
Potential Analysis ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Time Component ◽  
Single Unit Recordings

AbstractStandard event-related potential analysis assumes fixed-latency responses relative to experimental events – yet recent single unit recordings have revealed neural activity scales to span different durations during behaviours demanding flexible timing. We use a novel approach to unmix fixed-time and scaled-time components in human electroencephalography, recorded across three tasks. A consistent and distinct scaled-time component is revealed, demonstrating temporal scaling can reliably be measured at the scalp.

Sources of the Scalp-Recorded Amplitude-Modulation Following Response

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 188-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeyuki Kuwada ◽  
Julia S. Anderson ◽  
Ranjan Batra ◽  
Douglas C. Fitzpatrick ◽  
Natacha Teissier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Amplitude Modulation ◽  
Single Unit ◽  
Modulation Frequency ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
High Modulation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Single Unit Recordings ◽  
Composite Response ◽  
The Brain

The scalp-recorded amplitude-modulation following response (AMFR)” is gaining recognition as an objective audiometric tool, but little is known about the neural sources that underlie this potential. We hypothesized, based on our human studies and single-unit recordings in animals, that the scalp-recorded AMFR reflects the interaction of multiple sources. We tested this hypothesis using an animal model, the unanesthetized rabbit. We compared AMFRs recorded from the surface of the brain at different locations and before and after the administration of agents likely to enhance or suppress neural generators. We also recorded AMFRs locally at several stations along the auditory neuraxis. We conclude that the surface-recorded AMFR is indeed a composite response from multiple brain generators. Although the response at any modulation frequency can reflect the activity of more than one generator, the AMFRs to low and high modulation frequencies appear to reflect a strong contribution from cortical and subcortical sources, respectively.

Behavioral and electrophysiological indices of inhibitory control in maltreated adolescents and nonmaltreated adolescents

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Bruce ◽  
Hyoun K. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Child Welfare System ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Significant Group Difference ◽  
Adverse Experiences

Abstract Early adverse experiences are believed to have a profound effect on inhibitory control and the underlying neural regions. In the current study, behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) data were collected during a go/no-go task from adolescents who were involved with the child welfare system due to child maltreatment (n = 129) and low-income, nonmaltreated adolescents (n = 102). The nonmaltreated adolescents were more accurate than the maltreated adolescents on the go/no-go task, particularly on the no-go trials. Paralleling the results with typically developing populations, the nonmaltreated adolescents displayed a more pronounced amplitude of the N2 during the no-go trials than during the go trials. However, the maltreated adolescents demonstrated a more pronounced amplitude of the N2 during the go trials than during the no-go trials. Furthermore, while the groups did not differ during the go trials, the nonmaltreated adolescents displayed a more negative amplitude of the N2 than the maltreated adolescents during no-go trials. In contrast, there was not a significant group difference in amplitude of the P3. Taken together, these results provide evidence that the early adverse experiences encountered by maltreated populations impact inhibitory control and the underlying neural activity in early adolescence.

scholarly journals A Behavioral and Electrophysiological Investigation of Effects of Visual Congruence on Olfactory Sensitivity During Habituation to Prolonged Odors

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 845-854
Author(s):  
Nicholas Fallon ◽  
Timo Giesbrecht ◽  
Anna Thomas ◽  
Andrej Stancak
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Odor Perception ◽  
Potential Analysis ◽  
Odor Detection ◽  
Central Processing

Abstract Congruent visual cues augment sensitivity to brief olfactory presentations and habituation of odor perception is modulated by central-cognitive processing including context. However, it is not known whether habituation to odors could interact with cross-modal congruent stimuli. The present research investigated the effect of visual congruence on odor detection sensitivity during continuous odor exposures. We utilized a multimethod approach, including subjective behavioral responses and reaction times (RTs; study 1) and electroencephalography (EEG, study 2). Study 1: 25 participants received 2-min presentations of moderate-intensity floral odor delivered via olfactometer with congruent (flower) and incongruent (object) image presentations. Participants indicated odor perception after each image. Detection sensitivity and RTs were analyzed in epochs covering the period of habituation. Study 2: 25 new participants underwent EEG recordings during 145-s blocks of odor presentations with congruent or incongruent images. Participants passively observed images and intermittently rated the perceived intensity of odor. Event-related potential analysis was utilized to evaluate brain processing related to odor–visual pairs across the period of habituation. Odor detection sensitivity and RTs were improved by congruent visual cues. Results highlighted a diminishing influence of visual congruence on odor detection sensitivity as habituation occurred. Event-related potential analysis revealed an effect of congruency on electrophysiological processing in the N400 component. This was only evident in early periods of odor exposure when perception was strong. For the first time, this demonstrates the modulation of central processing of odor–visual pairs by habituation. Frontal negativity (N400) responses encode the aspects of cross-modal congruence for odor–vision cross-modal tasks.

scholarly journals Duplicate Detection of Spike Events: A Relevant Problem in Human Single-Unit Recordings

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 761
Author(s):  
Gert Dehnen ◽  
Marcel S. Kehl ◽  
Alana Darcher ◽  
Tamara T. Müller ◽  
Jakob H. Macke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Quality ◽  
Single Unit ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
External Noise ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Noise Sources ◽  
Recording Channels ◽  
Waveform Similarity ◽  
Therapeutic Procedures ◽  
Single Unit Recordings

Single-unit recordings in the brain of behaving human subjects provide a unique opportunity to advance our understanding of neural mechanisms of cognition. These recordings are exclusively performed in medical centers during diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. The presence of medical instruments along with other aspects of the hospital environment limit the control of electrical noise compared to animal laboratory environments. Here, we highlight the problem of an increased occurrence of simultaneous spike events on different recording channels in human single-unit recordings. Most of these simultaneous events were detected in clusters previously labeled as artifacts and showed similar waveforms. These events may result from common external noise sources or from different micro-electrodes recording activity from the same neuron. To address the problem of duplicate recorded events, we introduce an open-source algorithm to identify these artificial spike events based on their synchronicity and waveform similarity. Applying our method to a comprehensive dataset of human single-unit recordings, we demonstrate that our algorithm can substantially increase the data quality of these recordings. Given our findings, we argue that future studies of single-unit activity recorded under noisy conditions should employ algorithms of this kind to improve data quality.

A device enabling single unit recordings during head movements in cats

1982 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.S. Schneider ◽  
A.A. Castaldi ◽  
T.I. Lidsky
Keyword(s):  
Single Unit ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Single Unit Recordings

Single-unit recordings of arterial chemoreceptors from mouse petrosal ganglia in vitro

2000 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 1489-1495 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Donnelly ◽  
Ricardo Rigual
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Carotid Body ◽  
Unit Activity ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Single Unit ◽  
Gene Deletions ◽  
Suction Electrode ◽  
Single Unit Recordings ◽  
Unit Action

A preparation was developed that allows for the recording of single-unit chemoreceptor activity from mouse carotid body in vitro. An anesthetized mouse was decapitated, and each carotid body was harvested, along with the sinus nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, and petrosal ganglia. After exposure to collagenase/trypsin, the cleaned complex was transferred to a recording chamber where it was superfused with oxygenated saline. The ganglia was searched for evoked or spontaneous unit activity by using a glass suction electrode. Single-unit action potentials were 57 ± 10 (SE) ( n = 16) standard deviations above the recording noise, and spontaneous spikes were generated as a random process. Decreasing superfusate[Formula: see text] to near 20 Torr caused an increase in spiking activity from 1.3 ± 0.4 to 14.1 ± 1.9 Hz ( n = 16). The use of mice for chemoreceptor studies may be advantageous because targeted gene deletions are well developed in the mouse model and may be useful in addressing unresolved questions regarding the mechanism of chemotransduction.

scholarly journals Opportunities and Challenges for Single-Unit Recordings from Enteric Neurons in Awake Animals

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley Barth ◽  
Hsin-I Huang ◽  
Gianna Hammer ◽  
Xiling Shen
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Single Unit ◽  
Gastrointestinal System ◽  
Enteric Neurons ◽  
Unit Recording ◽  
Neural Recordings ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
Single Unit Recordings ◽  
Excised Tissue ◽  
Intrinsic Neurons

Advanced electrode designs have made single-unit neural recordings commonplace among modern neuroscience research. However, single-unit resolution remains out of reach for the intrinsic neurons of the gastrointestinal system. Single-unit recordings of the enteric (gut) nervous system have been conducted in anesthetized animal models and excised tissue, but there is a large physiological gap between awake and anesthetized animals, particularly for the enteric nervous system. Here, we describe the opportunity for advancing enteric neuroscience offered by single-unit recording capabilities in awake animals. We highlight the primary challenges to microelectrodes in the gastrointestinal system including structural, physiological, and signal quality challenges.

scholarly journals Guest Editorial: Colour in a Larger Perspective: The Rebirth of Gestalt Psychology

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1341-1352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lothar Spillmann
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Receptive Field ◽  
Single Unit ◽  
Guest Editorial ◽  
Gestalt Psychology ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
The Past ◽  
Classical Receptive Field ◽  
Neuronal Mechanisms ◽  
Single Unit Recordings

This overview takes the reader from the classical contrast and assimilation studies of the past to today's colour research, in a broad sense, with its renewed emphasis on the phenomenological qualities of visual perception. It shows how the shift in paradigm from local to global effects in single-unit recordings prompted a reappraisal of appearance in visual experiments, not just in colour, but in the perception of motion, texture, and depth as well. Gestalt ideas placed in the context of modern concepts are shown to inspire psychophysicists, neurophysiologists, and computational vision scientists alike. Feedforward, horizontal interactions, and feedback are discussed as potential neuronal mechanisms to account for phenomena such as uniform surfaces, filling-in, and grouping arising from processes beyond the classical receptive field. A look forward towards future developments in the field of figure–ground segregation (Gestalt formation) concludes the article.

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