scholarly journals Development of larvae of the Australian blowfly, Calliphora augur (Diptera: Calliphoridae), at constant temperatures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donnah M. Day ◽  
Nathan J. Butterworth ◽  
Anirudh Tagat ◽  
Gregory Markowsky ◽  
James F. Wallman
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Biology ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Prediction Intervals ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Larval Length ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Forensic Investigations ◽  
Comprehensive Study

AbstractCalliphora augur (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is a common carrion-breeding blowfly of forensic, medical and agricultural importance in eastern Australia. Despite this, detailed information on the developmental biology of C. augur is lacking. Here, we present the first comprehensive study on the development of all three larval instars of C. augur, fed on sheep’s liver, at constant temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35°C. We highlight decreasing variation in final larval length at sampling periods up to 30°C, although this variation increased again when larvae were grown at 35°C. 95% prediction intervals are provided for each constant temperature, enabling the age of larvae of C. augur to be estimated from their average length. These data will assist with the application of this species to forensic investigations.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR OF ZETETICONTUS UTILIS (HYMENOPTERA: ENCYRTIDAE), A PARASITE OF CARPOPHILUS SPP. (COLEOPTERA: NITIDULIDAE)1

1985 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 450-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Werner ◽  
R. N. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Biology ◽  
Host Suitability ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Adult Behavior ◽  
Multiple Matings ◽  
Host Odors ◽  
And Behavior

Observations on the developmental biology and adult behavior of Zeteticontus utilis, an endoparasite of Carpophilus spp., are presented. Ovarian dissections indicated that females carry 50 - 80 ovoid, stalked eggs at emergence. Eggs in the ovaries measured 0.16 mm by 0.07 mm, and increased in size ca. two-fold within 60 h of deposition. Four larval instars were observed. Pupation occurred approximately eight days after oviposition. Males emerged 21 - 22 days after oviposition, and females after 22 - 24 days. Zeteticontus utilis females were determined to be arrhenotokous, and both sexes engaged in multiple matings. Host odors and movement appeared to play a role in host suitability.

scholarly journals Developmental biology of Meteorus pulchricornis parasitising painted apple moth

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 12-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Chhagan ◽  
A.E.A. Stephens ◽  
J.G. Charles
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Biology ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Management Programme ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Larval Parasitoid ◽  
Meteorus Pulchricornis ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

Following the discovery of painted apple moth (PAM) Teia anartoides in Auckland in 1999 a longterm management programme was proposed in case eradication failed Research was initiated to evaluate the potential impact of natural enemies that were already present in New Zealand Laboratory bioassays determined the developmental biology of the larval parasitoid Meteorus pulchricornis on PAM at five constant temperatures (13 18 21 25 or 30 C) Total development time (egg to adult) ranged from 645 days at 13C to 160 days at 25C Meteorus pulchricornis adults provided with agarhoney parasitoid diet survived an average of 69 days and laid an average of 213 eggs at 21C Meteorus pulchricornis parasitised a significantly higher number of second and third instar PAM larvae compared to other larval instars The potential of M pulchricornis as a primary regulator of PAM populations in New Zealand is discussed

Primary Study on the Anatomical Construction and Physical-Mechanical-Properties of Introduced Dalbergia sissoo

2011 ◽  
Vol 179-180 ◽  
pp. 1446-1452
Author(s):  
Lei Shi ◽  
Qing Feng Sun ◽  
Jiang Deng
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Dalbergia Sissoo ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Quality Coefficient ◽  
Fibril Angle ◽  
Comprehensive Study ◽  
Diffuse Porous

This paper studies the anatomical construction and physical-mechanical properties of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb introduced from Nepal planting in Yuan Jiang in Yunnan Province. Results indicated: Dalbergia sissoo is diffuse-porous wood and the form of its fiber is even with an average length of 1.43mm。The micro fibril angle is 12.24°.The air-dried and profile density are respectively 0.746 g/cm3 and 0.634 g/cm3, which are normal. The air-dried and oven-dried of variance shrinkage are 1.75 and 1.55 respectively. The comprehensive quality coefficient of Dalbergia sissoo is 2309×105 Pa, which is a high quality wood for higher level material. The comprehensive study shows that human breeding Dalbergia sissoo owns elevating quality.

Size Fluctuation in The Eggs and Newly Hatched Larvae of Captive Turbot (Scophthalmus Maximus)

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley Ann Mcevoy ◽  
John Mcevoy
Keyword(s):  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Scophthalmus Maximus ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Larval Length ◽  
Turbot Scophthalmus Maximus ◽  
Newly Hatched Larvae ◽  
Seasonal Decline

The aims of this study were to ascertain if individual turbot females show a seasonal decline in their egg-size when kept in conditions of constant temperature, and to relate turbot egg-size to the length and yolk-sac index of the emergent larva. Each female showed a significant seasonal egg-size decline and there was a positive correlation between egg-size and the length and yolk-sac index of the subsequent larva. However, larval length was not related to yolk-sac index, nor was the ratio of yolk-sac index: larval length related to egg-size. The maximum mean egg-size tended to increase with the female's weight and length. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of the general ecology of turbot and its culture.

THE LIFE CYCLE OF APANTELES CARPATUS (SAY) (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE), A PARASITE OF THE WEBBING CLOTHES MOTH, TINEOLA BISSELLIELLA HUM.

1942 ◽  
Vol 20d (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Murray Fallis
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Fecal Pellets ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
Experimental Infections ◽  
Parasite Larva ◽  
Tineola Bisselliella

This parasite has been reared from larvae of the webbing clothes moth obtained from different localities as well as experimentally. All parasites obtained by natural and experimental infections were females. Oviposition occurred and parasites developed in host larvae weighing 1.6 to 6.8 mg. The parasites oviposited more readily in a host enclosed in a case, especially if the case contained fecal pellets of the host. Eggs were deposited in various parts of the host. A single parasite developed to maturity even though several eggs may have been deposited in the host, each by a separate "thrust" of the ovipositor. Morphological features of the larvae are illustrated. The rate of development varied even at constant temperature. The average length of the life cycle at 27 °C. was 26 days but at 20 °C. it required several months. Experiments were carried out to determine the factors responsible for the variation in the rate of development. The parasite larva, upon emerging from the host, usually spins a white, silken cocoon, although metamorphosis was sometimes completed even though no cocoon was produced.

scholarly journals Molecular evidence for deeper diversity in Australian Tanypodinae (Chironomidae): Yarrhpelopia and related new taxa

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4949 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
PETER S. CRANSTON ◽  
MATT KROSCH ◽  
ANDREW M. BAKER
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Sphagnum Bogs ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Endemic Genera ◽  
Acidic Waters ◽  
Polluted Waters ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The diversity and endemism of Australian Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) has been unclear from morphological comparisons with well-grounded northern hemisphere taxonomy. As part of a comprehensive study, here we focus on one of the few described endemic genera, Yarrhpelopia Cranston. Extensive and intensive new sampling and newly-acquired molecular data provides clarity for the type species, Yarrhpelopia norrisi Cranston and allows recognition of congeners and potential sister group(s). We describe Yarrhpelopia acorona Cranston & Krosch sp. n., and we recognise a third species from Western Australia, retaining an informal code ‘V20’ due to inadequate reared / associated material for formal description. We recognise a robust clade Coronapelopia Cranston & Krosch gen. n., treated as a genus new to science for two new species, Coronapelopia valedon Cranston & Krosch sp. n. and Coronapelopia quadridentata Cranston & Krosch sp. n., from eastern Australia, each described in their larval and pupal stages and partial imaginal stages. Interleaved between the independent new Australian clades Yarrhpelopia and Coronapelopia are New World Pentaneura and relatives, that allow a tentative inference of a dated gondwanan (austral) connection. Expanded sampling indicates that Y. norrisi, although near predictably present in mine-polluted waters, is not obligate but generally indicates acidic waters, including natural swamps and Sphagnum bogs. The inferred acidophily, including in drainages of mine adits, applies to many taxa under consideration here. 

Influence of temperature and humidity on tripping of lucerne flowers

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
FW Hely ◽  
M Zorin
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Small Reduction ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Physical Resistance

Lucernes representing diverse indigenous habitats were studied over a range of temperatures and atmospheric humidities during flowering to investigate physical resistance of flowers to tripping. The amount of automatic flower tripping measured at 25°C varied from 1 to 14% of available flowers between lucernes. Studies of automatic tripping over a 20–40°C temperature range showed that most lucernes responded strongly to higher temperatures; but high latitude lucernes did not increase in automatic tripping. A small reduction in relative humidity with constant temperature over the 20–40°C temperature range caused greatly increased automatic tripping in two Australian lucernes, but produced smaller increases in lucernes introduced from a similar latitude. It had no effect on high latitude lucerne. At 25°C induced tripping, simulating the actions of pollen-collecting bees, showed differences in resistance to tripping between lucernes similar to those in automatic tripping. This pattern of differences may be related to that of seed production by these lucernes under field conditions, in south-eastern Australia.

scholarly journals THE BIOLOGY OF CHORISTONEURA HOUSTONANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), A PEST OF JUNIPERUS SPECIES

1968 ◽  
Vol 100 (7) ◽  
pp. 750-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Heinrichs ◽  
Hugh E. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Egg Development ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Head Capsule Width

AbstractChoristoneura houstonana (Grote) lays eggs singly in July. Egg development ranged from 8 to 11 days, with the majority hatching 10 days after oviposition.Larvae are solitary, and mine during early instars but later instars feed externally on leaves in shelters made by webbing foliage together. There is one generation each year and overwintering occurs in a hibernaculum, in mined leaves. Field-collected head-capsule width frequencies indicated nine larval instars. Rearing larvae on seedling junipers indoors indicated a range of 8–11 instars.Pupation occurs during June and July in the shelter where the larva feeds. The pupal stage lasted about 10 days at a constant temperature of 80°F.

scholarly journals External Morphology of Immatures of Mischocyttarus nomurae Richards (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) during the Post-embryonic Development

Sociobiology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agda Alves Rocha ◽  
Edilberto Giannotti
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Social Wasp ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Average Width ◽  
Chapada Diamantina ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
The City ◽  
Average Measure

The work on this paper aimed to perform the description of the immatures and determine the number of larval instars in the post-embryonic development of Mischocyttarus nomurae Richards, a social wasp which the only works performed were the description of the specie and of the male.  Twenty colonies were collected in the city of Rio de Contas, in the region of the Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil and there were dimensioned 145 eggs, 349 larvae, 12 pre-pupae and 59 pupae. The eggs presented an average length of 1.03 ± 0.12mm and diameter of 0.40 ± 0.03mm. The average rate of growth of the larvae that presented five instars was 1.49. The width of the cephalic capsule of the larvae was: 1st instar 0.32 ± 0.08, 2nd instar 0.54 ± 0.06, 3rd instar 0.77 ± 0.07, 4th  instar 1.05 ± 0.10 and 5th instar 1.55 ± 0.07. The average width of the larvae of 5th instar and pre-pupae were close, where larvae of the 1st instar differed from the egg, being smaller. The average measure of the pupae was 1.85 ± 0.08. The specie presents two abdominal lobes highly projected towards and the first thoracic spiracle is 3.1 times higher than the second one. This is the first work on the biology of the specie.

The developmental biology of Telenomus remus Nixon (Hym., Scelionidae)

1972 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Gerling
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Biology ◽  
Spodoptera Littoralis ◽  
Developmental Duration ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Telenomus Remus

The developmental biology of Telenomus remus Nixon is described from rearings within the eggs of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.). It has two larval instars and its developmental duration at 25°C is about ten days. Superparasitism can be easily induced in the laboratory, but only one adult emerges from each host egg.

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