scholarly journals Immune phase transition under steroid treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonali Priyadarshini Nayak ◽  
Susmita Roy
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Steady State ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Latent Period ◽  
Warning Signal ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Steroid Treatment ◽  
Long Term Effects

AbstractThe steroid hormone, Glucocorticoid (GC) is a well-known immunosuppressant that controls T cell-mediated adaptive immune response. In this work, we have developed a minimal kinetic network model of T-cell regulation connecting relevant experimental and clinical studies to quantitatively understand the long-term effects of GC on pro-inflammatory T-cell (Tpro) and anti-inflammatory T-cell (Tanti) dynamics. Due to the antagonistic relation between these two types of T-cells, their long-term steady-state population ratio helps us to characterize three classified immune-regulations: (i) weak ([Tpro]>[Tanti]); (ii) strong ([Tpro]<[Tanti]), and (iii) moderate ([Tpro] ∼ [Tanti]); holding the characteristic bistability). In addition to the differences in their long-term steady-state outcome, each immune-regulation shows distinct dynamical phases. In the pre-steady, a characteristic intermediate stationary phase is observed to develop only in the moderate regulation regime. In the medicinal field, the resting time in this stationary phase is distinguished as a clinical latent period. GC dose-dependent steady-state analysis shows an optimal level of GC to drive a phase-transition from the weak/auto-immune prone to the moderate regulation regime. Subsequently, the pre-steady state clinical latent period tends to diverge near that optimal GC level where [Tpro]: [Tanti] is highly balanced. The GC-optimized elongated stationary phase explains the rationale behind the requirement of long-term immune diagnostics, especially when long-term GC-based chemotherapeutics and other immunosuppressive drugs are administrated. Moreover, our study reveals GC sensitivity of clinical latent period which might serve as an early warning signal in the diagnosis of different immune phases and determining immune phase-wise steroid treatment.

Long-term effects of T cell vaccination in multiple sclerosis

2003 ◽  
pp. 129-149
Author(s):  
Piet Stinissen ◽  
Guy Hermans ◽  
Niels Hellings ◽  
Robert Medaer ◽  
Jef Raus
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
T Cell Vaccination

scholarly journals Erratum: Corrigendum: The differential short- and long-term effects of HIV-1 latency-reversing agents on T cell function

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Clutton ◽  
Y. Xu ◽  
P. L. Baldoni ◽  
K. R. Mollan ◽  
J. Kirchherr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
T Cell Function ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Reversing Agents

Long-term effects of protease-inhibitor-based combination therapy on CD4 T-cell recovery in HIV-1-infected children and adolescents

The Lancet ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 362 (9401) ◽  
pp. 2045-2051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Heok Soh ◽  
James M Oleske ◽  
Michael T Brady ◽  
Stephen A Spector ◽  
William Borkowsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cell Recovery ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals A mechanistic model for long-term immunological outcomes in South African HIV-infected children and adults receiving ART

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Liliane Ujeneza ◽  
Wilfred Ndifon ◽  
Shobna Sawry ◽  
Geoffrey Fatti ◽  
Julien Riou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Public ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Cell Counts

Long-term effects of the growing population of HIV-treated people in Southern Africa on individuals and the public health sector at large are not yet understood. This study proposes a novel ‘ratio’ model that relates CD4+ T-cell counts of HIV-infected individuals to the CD4+ count reference values from healthy populations. We use mixed-effects regression to fit the model to data from 1616 children (median age 4.3 years at ART initiation) and 14,542 adults (median age 36 years at ART initiation). We found that the scaled carrying capacity, maximum CD4+ count relative to an HIV-negative individual of similar age, and baseline scaled CD4+ counts were closer to healthy values in children than in adults. Post-ART initiation, CD4+ growth rate was inversely correlated with baseline CD4+ T-cell counts, and consequently higher in adults than children. Our results highlight the impacts of age on dynamics of the immune system of healthy and HIV-infected individuals.

Long-term effects of idiotype vaccination on the specific T-cell response in peripheral blood and bone marrow of multiple myeloma patients

2007 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 371-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Osman Abdalla ◽  
Lotta Hansson ◽  
Ingrid Eriksson ◽  
Barbro Näsman-Glaser ◽  
Håkan Mellstedt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Cell Response ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Long Term Effects

scholarly journals Secondary T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma in a child after anticancer therapy for neuroblastoma: clinical case

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-119
Author(s):  
Yu. K. Toshina ◽  
Yu. V. Dinikina ◽  
A. S. Egorov ◽  
A. Yu. Smirnova ◽  
M. B. Belogurova
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Antitumor Therapy ◽  
Second Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Anticancer Treatment ◽  
One Year

Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extra-cranial solid tumor in infants with the most heterogeneous clinical course to compare with other malignant diseases. Due to intensive multimodal anticancer treatment there are an increased number of survivors and issues related to long-term effects are becoming increasingly important. One of them is the risk of secondary malignant neoplasms. This article represents a clinical case of T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia in a child aged 2 years and 5 months who received combined antitumor therapy for NB with an intermediate risk group under the age of one year. We observed literature data to investigate the incidence of second malignant neoplasms in patients with NB for the period from 1948 to 2018 and analyzed risk factors.

Long-Term Effects of Prior Heat Shock on Neuronal Potassium Currents Recorded in a Novel Insect Ganglion Slice Preparation

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 795-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Ramirez ◽  
F. P. Elsen ◽  
R. M. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Outward Current ◽  
Potassium Currents ◽  
Respiratory Neurons ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Slice Preparation ◽  
Population Activity ◽  
Steady State Current

Long-term effects of prior heat shock on neuronal potassium currents recorded in a novel insect ganglion slice preparation. Brief exposure to high temperatures (heat shock) induces long-lasting adaptive changes in the molecular biology of protein interactions and behavior of poikilotherms. However, little is known about heat shock effects on neuronal properties. To investigate how heat shock affects neuronal properties we developed an insect ganglion slice from locusts. The functional integrity of neuronal circuits in slices was demonstrated by recordings from rhythmically active respiratory neurons and by the ability to induce rhythmic population activity with octopamine. Under these “functional” in vitro conditions we recorded outward potassium currents from neurons of the ventral midline of the A1 metathoracic neuromere. In control neurons, voltage steps to 40 mV from a holding potential of −60 mV evoked in control neurons potassium currents with a peak current of 10.0 ± 2.5 nA and a large steady state current of 8.5 ± 2.6 nA, which was still activated from a holding potential of −40 mV. After heat shock most of the outward current inactivated rapidly (peak amplitude: 8.4 ± 2.4 nA; steady state: 3.6 ± 2.0 nA). This current was inactivated at a holding potential of −40 mV. The response to temperature changes was also significantly different. After changing the temperature from 38 to 42°C the amplitude of the peak and steady-state current was significantly lower in neurons obtained from heat-shocked animals than those obtained from controls. Our study indicates that not only heat shock can alter neuronal properties, but also that it is possible to investigate ion currents in insect ganglion slices.

scholarly journals Mapping the Photochemistry of European Mid-Latitudes Rivers: An Assessment of Their Ability to Photodegrade Contaminants

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Carena ◽  
Davide Vione
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
Triplet States ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Water Flow Velocity ◽  
Excited Triplet ◽  
Latitude Belt ◽  
Transient Intermediates ◽  
State Concentration

The abiotic photochemical reactions that take place naturally in sunlit surface waters can degrade many contaminants that pose concern to water bodies for their potentially toxic and long-term effects. This works aims at assessing the ability of European rivers to photoproduce reactive transient intermediates, such as HO• radicals and the excited triplet states of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (3CDOM*), involved in pollutant degradation. A photochemical mapping of the steady-state concentrations of these transients was carried out by means of a suitable modeling tool, in the latitude belt between 40 and 50°N. Such a map allowed for the prediction of the photochemical lifetimes of the phenylurea herbicide isoproturon (mostly undergoing photodegradation upon reaction with HO• and especially 3CDOM*) across different European countries. For some rivers, a more extensive dataset was available spanning the years 1990–2002, which allowed for the computation of the steady-state concentration of the carbonate radicals (CO3•−). With these data, it was possible to assess the time trends of the photochemical half-lives of further contaminants (atrazine, ibuprofen, carbamazepine, and clofibric acid). The calculated lifetimes were in the range of days to weeks, which might or might not allow for efficient depollution depending on the river-water flow velocity.

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