scholarly journals Cardiac and behavioural responses to hypoxia and warming in free-swimming gilthead seabream Sparus aurata

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Mignucci ◽  
Jérôme Bourjea ◽  
Fabien Forget ◽  
Hossein Allal ◽  
Gilbert Dutto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Environmental Stressors ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Cardiac Responses ◽  
Progressive Hypoxia ◽  
Summary Statement

ABSTRACTCardiac and behavioural responses to hypoxia and warming were investigated in free-swimming gilthead seabream Sparus aurata equipped with biologging tags in the peritoneal cavity. After suitable recovery in a holding tank, heart rate (fH) and the variance of tri-axial body acceleration (VARm) were logged during exposure to stepwise progressive hypoxia or warming, comparing when either swimming in a tank or confined to individual respirometer chambers. When undisturbed under control conditions (normoxia, 21 °C), mean fH was significantly lower in tank than respirometers. In progressive hypoxia (100 - 15% oxygen saturation), mean fH in the tank was significantly lower than respirometers at oxygen levels until 40%, with significant bradycardia in both holding conditions below this. Mean VARm was low and invariant in hypoxia. Warming (21 to 31 °C) caused progressive tachycardia with no differences in fH between holding conditions. Mean VARm was, however, significantly higher in the tank during warming, with a positive relationship between VARm and fH across all temperatures. Therefore, spontaneous activity contributed to raising fH of fish in the tank during warming. Mean fH in respirometers had a highly significant linear relationship with mean rates of oxygen uptake, considering data from hypoxia and warming together. The high fH of confined S. aurata indicates that static respirometry techniques may bias estimates of metabolic traits in some fish species. Biologging on free-swimming fish revealed novel information about cardiac responses to environmental stressors, which may be closer to responses exhibited by fish in their natural environment.SUMMARY STATEMENTImplantable biologgers were used to provide the first measurements of cardiac responses to hypoxia and warming in a free-swimming fish, revealing that confinement in respirometer chambers raises heart rate, with consequences for estimates of metabolic rates.

scholarly journals Cardiac and behavioural responses to hypoxia and warming in free-swimming gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Mignucci ◽  
Jérôme Bourjea ◽  
Fabien Forget ◽  
Hossein Allal ◽  
Gilbert Dutto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Environmental Stressors ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Cardiac Responses ◽  
Progressive Hypoxia ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
External Acceleration

Gilthead seabream were equipped with intraperitoneal biologging tags to investigate cardiac responses to hypoxia and warming, comparing when fish were either swimming freely in a tank with conspecifics or confined to individual respirometers. After tag implantation under anaesthesia, heart rate (fH) required 60 hours to recover to a stable value in a holding tank. Subsequently, when undisturbed under control conditions (normoxia, 21°C), mean fH was always significantly lower in the tank than respirometers. In progressive hypoxia (100 - 15% oxygen saturation), mean fH in the tank was significantly lower than respirometers at oxygen levels until 40%, with significant bradycardia in both holding conditions below this. Simultaneous logging of tri-axial body acceleration revealed that spontaneous activity, inferred as the variance of external acceleration (VARm), was low and invariant in hypoxia. Warming (21 to 31°C) caused progressive tachycardia with no differences in fH between holding conditions. Mean VARm was, however, significantly higher in the tank during warming, with a positive relationship between VARm and fH across all temperatures. Therefore, spontaneous activity contributed to raising fH of fish in the tank during warming. Mean fH in respirometers had a highly significant linear relationship with mean rates of oxygen uptake, considering data from hypoxia and warming together. The high fH of confined seabream indicates that respirometry techniques may bias estimates of metabolic traits in some fishes, and that biologging on free-swimming fishes will provide more reliable insight into cardiac and behavioural responses to environmental stressors by fishes in their natural environment.

scholarly journals The Influence ofNrf2on Cardiac Responses to Environmental Stressors

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuben Howden ◽  
Eva Gougian ◽  
Marcus Lawrence ◽  
Samantha Cividanes ◽  
Wesley Gladwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Environmental Stressors ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Airborne Pollutants ◽  
Cardiac Responses

Nrf2protects the lung from adverse responses to oxidants, including 100% oxygen (hyperoxia) and airborne pollutants like particulate matter (PM) exposure, but the role ofNrf2on heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) responses is not known. We hypothesized that genetic disruption ofNrf2would exacerbate murine HR and HRV responses to severe hyperoxia or moderate PM exposures.Nrf2-/-andNrf2+/+mice were instrumented for continuous ECG recording to calculate HR and HRV (low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), and total power (TP)). Mice were then either exposed to hyperoxia for up to 72 hrs or aspirated with ultrafine PM (UF-PM). Compared to respective controls, UF-PM induced significantly greater effects on HR (P<0.001) and HF HRV (P<0.001) inNrf2-/-mice compared toNrf2+/+mice.Nrf2-/-mice tolerated hyperoxia significantly less thanNrf2+/+mice (~22 hrs;P<0.001). Reductions in HR, LF, HF, and TP HRV were also significantly greater inNrf2-/-compared toNrf2+/+mice (P<0.01). Results demonstrate thatNrf2deletion increases susceptibility to change in HR and HRV responses to environmental stressors and suggest potential therapeutic strategies to prevent cardiovascular alterations.

Experimental setup influences the cardiovascular responses of decapod crustaceans to environmental change

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
pp. 1043-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.J. McGaw ◽  
S.J. Nancollas
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Carcinus Maenas ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Decapod Crustaceans ◽  
Cardiac Responses ◽  
Progressive Hypoxia

The effects of different holding methods on heart rate (HR) changes in the green crab, Carcinus maenas (Linnaeus, 1758), were investigated. Green crabs were held in perforated plastic boxes (with or without a layer of sand) suspended above the bottom of the tank or strapped to a weighted plastic grate. The HR of green crabs classified as unrestrained (plastic box with or without sand) dropped more rapidly compared with restrained (hanging from band, strapped to grate) green crabs. Within 1 h, unrestrained green crabs exhibited periods of cardiac pausing accounting for between 8% and 14% of the hourly time. In contrast, restrained green crabs rarely exhibited cardiac pausing. When the green crabs were subjected to a temperature increase (10–30 °C), the HR of unrestrained green crabs reached higher levels than that of the restrained animals. The four restraining methods were also used to investigate cardiac responses to hypoxia. During progressive hypoxia (100%–20% oxygen), the HR of unrestrained green crabs declined to lower levels than that of the restrained animals. The restraining methods appeared to be more stressful for the green crabs that maintained elevated HRs and were less able to respond to environmental change compared with green crabs that could move freely within a small chamber. This suggests that even subtle changes in experimental design may alter physiological responses.

Effects of subcutaneous injection of λ/κ‐carrageenin on the immune and liver antioxidant status of gilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata )

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Carlos Campos‐Sánchez ◽  
Francisco A. Guardiola ◽  
José María García Beltrán ◽  
Diana Ceballos‐Francisco ◽  
María Ángeles Esteban
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Gilthead Seabream

scholarly journals Aflatoxicosis Dysregulates the Physiological Responses to Crowding Densities in the Marine Teleost Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 753
Author(s):  
Andre Barany ◽  
Juan Fuentes ◽  
Gonzalo Martínez-Rodríguez ◽  
Juan Miguel Mancera
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Head Kidney ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Marine Teleost ◽  
Lipid Metabolites ◽  
Period Duration

Several studies in fish have shown that aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) causes a disparity of species-dependent physiological disorders without compromising survival. We studied the effect of dietary administration of AFB1 (2 mg AFB1 kg−1 diet) in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles in combination with a challenge by stocking density (4 vs. 40 g L−1). The experimental period duration was ten days, and the diet with AFB1 was administered to the fish for 85 days prior to the stocking density challenge. Our results indicated an alteration in the carbohydrate and lipid metabolites mobilization in the AFB1 fed group, which was intensified at high stocking density (HSD). The CT group at HSD increased plasma cortisol levels, as expected, whereas the AFB1-HSD group did not. The star mRNA expression, an enzyme involved in cortisol synthesis in the head kidney, presented a ninefold increase in the AFB1 group at low stocking density (LSD) compared to the CT-LSD group. Adenohypophyseal gh mRNA expression increased in the AFB1-HSD but not in the CT-HSD group. Overall, these results confirmed that chronic AFB1 dietary exposure alters the adequate endocrinological physiological cascade response in S. aurata, compromising the expected stress response to an additional stressor, such as overcrowding.

scholarly journals Influence of Genetic Selection for Growth and Broodstock Diet n-3 LC-PUFA Levels on Reproductive Performance of Gilthead Seabream, Sparus aurata

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 519
Author(s):  
Shajahan Ferosekhan ◽  
Serhat Turkmen ◽  
Cathaysa Pérez-García ◽  
Hanlin Xu ◽  
Ana Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Growth Trait ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Broodstock Diet

Genetic selection in gilthead seabream (GSB), Sparus aurata, has been undertaken to improve the growth, feed efficiency, fillet quality, skeletal deformities and disease resistance, but no study is available to delineate the effect of genetic selection for growth trait on GSB reproductive performance under mass spawning condition. In this study, high growth (HG) or low growth (LG) GSB broodstock were selected to evaluate the sex steroid hormones, sperm, egg quality and reproductive performance under different feeding regime of commercial diet or experimental broodstock diet containing either fish oil (FO) or vegetable oil (VO) based diet. Under commercial diet feeding phase, broodstock selected for either high growth or low growth did not show any significant changes in the egg production per kg female whereas egg viability percentage was positively (p = 0.014) improved by the high growth trait broodstock group. The experimental diet feeding results revealed that both growth trait and dietary fatty acid composition influenced the reproductive performance of GSB broodstock. In the experimental diet feeding phase, we observed high growth trait GSB males produced a higher number of sperm cells (p < 0.001) and also showed a higher sperm motility (p = 0.048) percentage. The viable egg and larval production per spawn per kg female were significantly improved by the broodstock selected for high growth trait and fed with fish oil-based diet. This present study results signifies that gilthead seabream broodstock selected on growth trait could have positive role in improvement of sperm and egg quality to produce viable progeny.

scholarly journals Functionalized Nanoplastics (NPs) Increase the Toxicity of Metals in Fish Cell Lines

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 7141
Author(s):  
Carmen González-Fernández ◽  
Francisco Guillermo Díaz Baños ◽  
María Ángeles Esteban ◽  
Alberto Cuesta
Keyword(s):  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Fish Cell ◽  
Test Model ◽  
Fish Cell Lines ◽  
Polystyrene Nanoparticles ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Cellular Protection ◽  
Marine Life

Nanoplastics (NPs) are one of the most abundant environment-threatening nanomaterials on the market. The objective of this study was to determine in vitro if functionalized NPs are cytotoxic by themselves or increase the toxicity of metals. For that, we used 50 nm polystyrene nanoparticles with distinct surface functionalization (pristine, PS-Plain; carboxylic, PS-COOH; and amino PS-NH2) alone or combined with the metals arsenic (As) and methylmercury (MeHg), which possess an environmental risk to marine life. As test model, we chose a brain-derived cell line (SaB-1) from gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), one of the most commercial fish species in the Mediterranean. First, only the PS-NH2 NPs were toxic to SaB-1 cells. NPs seem to be internalized into the cells but they showed little alteration in the transcription of genes related to oxidative stress (nrf2, cat, gr, gsta), cellular protection against metals (mta) or apoptosis (bcl2, bax). However, NPs, mainly PS-COOH and PS-NH2, significantly increased the toxicity of both metals. Since the coexistence of NPs and other pollutants in the aquatic environment is inevitable, our results reveal that the combined effect of NPs with the rest of pollutants deserves more attention.

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