scholarly journals Spatial modulation of individual behaviors enables collective decision-making during bacterial group migration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Bai ◽  
Caiyun He ◽  
Junjiajia Long ◽  
Xuefei Li ◽  
Xiongfei Fu
Keyword(s):  
Group Performance ◽  
Spatial Modulation ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Collective Behaviors ◽  
Dynamic Stimuli ◽  
Consistent Group ◽  
Run And Tumble ◽  
Migratory Patterns ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Group Migration

AbstractCoordination of individuals with diversity often requires sophisticated communications and high-order computational abilities. Microbial populations can exhibit diverse individualistic behaviors and yet can engage in collective migratory patterns with a spatially sorted arrangement of phenotypes following a self-generated attractant gradient. However, it’s unclear how individual bacteria without complex computational abilities can achieve the consistent group performance and determine their positions in the group while facing spatiotemporally dynamic stimuli. Here, we investigate the statistics of bacterial run-and-tumble trajectories during group migration. We discover that, despite of the constant migrating speed as a group, the individual drift velocity exhibits a spatially dependent structure that decreases from the back to the front of the group. The spatial modulation of individual stochastic behaviors constrains cells in the group, ensuring the coherent population movement with ordered patterns of phenotypes. These results reveal a simple computational principle for emergent collective behaviors from heterogeneous individuals.

scholarly journals Spatial modulation of individual behaviors enables an ordered structure of diverse phenotypes during bacterial group migration

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Bai ◽  
Caiyun He ◽  
Pan Chu ◽  
Junjiajia Long ◽  
Xuefei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Front ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Stochastic Simulations ◽  
Spatial Modulation ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Run And Tumble ◽  
Migratory Patterns ◽  
Group Migration ◽  
Cell Trajectories

Coordination of diverse individuals often requires sophisticated communications and high-order computational abilities. Microbial populations can exhibit diverse individualistic behaviors, and yet can engage in collective migratory patterns with a spatially sorted arrangement of phenotypes. However, it is unclear how such spatially sorted patterns emerge from diverse individuals without complex computational abilities. Here, by investigating the single-cell trajectories during group migration, we discovered that, despite the constant migrating speed of a group, the drift velocities of individual bacteria decrease from the back to the front. With a Langevin-type modeling framework, we showed that this decreasing profile of drift velocities implies the spatial modulation of individual run-and-tumble random motions, and enables the bacterial population to migrate as a pushed wave front. Theoretical analysis and stochastic simulations further predicted that the pushed wave front can help a diverse population to stay in a tight group, while diverse individuals perform the same type of mean reverting processes around centers orderly aligned by their chemotactic abilities. This mechanism about the emergence of orderly collective migration from diverse individuals is experimentally demonstrated by titration of bacterial chemoreceptor abundance. These results reveal a simple computational principle for emergent ordered behaviors from heterogeneous individuals.

scholarly journals Perceptual insensitivity to higher-order statistical moments of coherent random dot motion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Waskom ◽  
Janeen Asfour ◽  
Roozbeh Kiani
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Statistical Moments ◽  
Coherent Motion ◽  
It Use ◽  
Higher Order Moments ◽  
Dynamic Stimuli ◽  
Dot Motion ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACTWhen the visual system analyses distributed patterns of sensory inputs, what features of those distributions does it use? It has been previously demonstrated that higher-order statistical moments of luminance distributions influence perception of static surfaces and textures. Here, we tested whether the brain also represents higher-order moments of dynamic stimuli. We constructed random dot kinematograms where dots moved according to probability distributions that selectively differed in terms of their mean, variance, skewness, or kurtosis. When viewing these stimuli, human observers were sensitive to the mean direction of coherent motion and to the variance of the individual dot displacement angles, but they were insensitive to skewness and kurtosis. Observer behavior accorded with a model of directional motion energy, suggesting that information about higher-order moments is discarded early in the visual processing hierarchy. These results demonstrate that use of higher-order moments is not a general property of visual perception.

scholarly journals Voluntary Language Switching in the Context of Bilingual Aphasia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Nicholas Grunden ◽  
Giorgio Piazza ◽  
Carmen García-Sánchez ◽  
Marco Calabria
Keyword(s):  
Group Performance ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Reactive Control ◽  
Language Switching ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Language Control ◽  
Bilingual Aphasia ◽  
The Individual

As studies of bilingual language control (BLC) seek to explore the underpinnings of bilinguals’ abilities to juggle two languages, different types of language switching tasks have been used to uncover switching and mixing effects and thereby reveal what proactive and reactive control mechanisms are involved in language switching. Voluntary language switching tasks, where a bilingual participant can switch freely between their languages while naming, are being utilized more often due to their greater ecological validity compared to cued switching paradigms. Because this type of task had not yet been applied to language switching in bilingual patients, our study sought to explore voluntary switching in bilinguals with aphasia (BWAs) as well as in healthy bilinguals. In Experiment 1, we replicated previously reported results of switch costs and mixing benefits within our own bilingual population of Catalan-Spanish bilinguals. With Experiment 2, we compared both the performances of BWAs as a group and as individuals against control group performance. Results illustrated a complex picture of language control abilities, indicating varying degrees of association and dissociation between factors of BLC. Given the diversity of impairments in BWAs’ language control mechanisms, we highlight the need to examine BLC at the individual level and through the lens of theoretical cognitive control frameworks in order to further parse out how bilinguals regulate their language switching.

Structural Versus Individual Perspectives on the Dynamics of Group Performance: Theoretical Exploration and Empirical Investigation

2005 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiang Lin ◽  
Haibin Yang ◽  
Bindu Arya ◽  
Zhi Huang ◽  
Dan Li
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Group Performance ◽  
Dynamic Setting ◽  
Performance Predictions ◽  
Project Groups ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Group Structures ◽  
Individual Perspective ◽  
Do So ◽  
Structural Perspective

This study contrasts the structural perspective with the individual perspective in explaining group performance in a dynamic setting. The authors argue that these perspectives are not mutually exclusive but have different predictive powers at different group stages. Results from 45 project groups show (a) group structures provide stronger performance predictions at the later stage, whereas individual-based attributes do so at the earlier stage, and (b) different group structures and individual-based attributes provide distinctive insights at respective stages. This indicates the need to explore the potential bridge between the two perspectives in advancing group studies.

scholarly journals Does Resilience Help in Reducing Burnout Symptoms Among Chinese Students? A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhun Gong ◽  
Chunqin Li ◽  
Xinian Jiao ◽  
Qunzhen Qu
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Collective Behaviors ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Gray Literature ◽  
Changing Trend ◽  
Student Burnout ◽  
The Individual

As society has evolved, student burnout has become a common problem in schools around the world, including in China. Therefore, the purpose of the current study is to explore whether resilience is related to student burnout in China and to examine the changing trend of resilience and student burnout. Moreover, we will assess gender differences and possible biases, including publication biases, small-study biases, gray literature biases, and decline effects. This meta-analysis included 34 studies, with a total of 81 effect sizes and a total sample size of 22,474. We found that resilience was negatively correlated with student burnout in the Chinese context. We also found evidence of gray literature bias in student burnout, which needs to be verified by subsequent studies. However, we found that there were decline effects in resilience, possibly because, as culture evolves, people become more focused on themselves; thus, their collective behaviors decline, leading to a decrease in their ability to adapt to the collective and the environment. We also found similar decline effects at the individual level; that is, resilience might decrease with individual age stages (from the primary to college stage), which might be related to the use of immature defense mechanisms against stress by students.

Envy climate and group performance in full-service hotels: the roles of intragroup relationship conflict and competitive climate

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Wu ◽  
Dan Ni ◽  
Shaoxue Wu ◽  
Lu Lu ◽  
Xijing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Performance ◽  
Relationship Conflict ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Functional Perspective ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The extant literature mainly focuses on the antecedents and outcomes of envy at the individual level. Workgroups have become ideal units for research on envy given the ubiquitous teamwork in organizations. This study aims to examine whether, how and when envy climate can influence group performance. Design/methodology/approach The authors analyzed data collected in three waves from a sample of 72 groups with 475 team members in full-service hotels in China. Findings Envy climate was negatively associated with group performance via intragroup relationship conflict. Furthermore, competitive climate moderated the effect of envy climate on intragroup relationship conflict and the indirect effect of envy climate on group performance through intragroup relationship conflict. Practical implications The present research offers organizations valuable insights into how to minimize the climate of envy and competition within a group and relieve the relationship conflict that may damage group performance. Originality/value Drawing on a social functional perspective of emotions, this study enriches the envy research by conceptualizing envy climate as a collective perception and clarifying its effect on group performance. The authors extend the understanding of envy climate by showing how a climate of envy embedded in a group influences group performance and also explain when group members may be more likely to act in a destructive way to respond to such a climate.

The role of group personality composition in the emergence of task and relationship conflict within groups

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc H Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Group Performance ◽  
Task Conflict ◽  
Relationship Conflict ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Level Of Analysis

AbstractConflict is a ubiquitous feature of groups in organizations that clearly affects group performance. While prior research has investigated the role of personality on conflict resolution styles at the individual level, little work has examined the role of personality on the emergence of conflict. This may be partially due to the fact that the emergence of conflict is inherently a group-level phenomenon, and thus requires the aggregation of personality to the group (or at least dyadic) level of analysis. I propose that each of the Big Five personality traits (or specific facets), at the group level, affect the emergence of either task conflict, relationship conflict, or both. Developing our understanding of how group personality composition affects both of these types of conflict is necessary to better enable groups to manage conflict, and thereby lessen potentially harmful outcomes resulting from conflict.

scholarly journals Human-Collective Collaborative Target Selection

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Jason R. Cody ◽  
Karina A. Roundtree ◽  
Julie A. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Target Selection ◽  
Action Selection ◽  
Original Model ◽  
Selection Models ◽  
Collective Behaviors ◽  
Human Operators ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Robotic Collectives

Robotic collectives are composed of hundreds or thousands of distributed robots using local sensing and communication that encompass characteristics of biological spatial swarms, colonies, or a combination of both. Interactions between the individual entities can result in emergent collective behaviors. Human operators in future disaster response or military engagement scenarios are likely to deploy semi-autonomous collectives to gather information and execute tasks within a wide area, while reducing the exposure of personnel to danger. This article presents and evaluates two action selection models in an experiment consisting of a single human operator supervising four simulated collectives. The action selection models have two parts: (1) a best-of- n decision-making model that attempts to choose the highest-quality target from a set of n targets and (2) a quorum sensing task sequencing model that enables autonomous target site occupation. An original biologically inspired insect colony decision model is compared to a bias-reducing model that attempts to reduce environmental bias, which can negatively influence collective best-of- n decisions when poorer-quality targets are easier to evaluate than higher-quality targets. The collective decision-making models are compared in both supervised and unsupervised trials. The bias-reducing model without human supervision is slower than the original model but is 57% more accurate for decisions where evaluating the optimal target is more difficult. Human-collective teams using the bias-reducing model require less operator influence and achieve 25% higher accuracy with difficult decisions compared to the teams using the original model.

The role of group personality composition in the emergence of task and relationship conflict within groups

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc H Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Group Performance ◽  
Task Conflict ◽  
Relationship Conflict ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Level Of Analysis

AbstractConflict is a ubiquitous feature of groups in organizations that clearly affects group performance. While prior research has investigated the role of personality on conflict resolution styles at the individual level, little work has examined the role of personality on the emergence of conflict. This may be partially due to the fact that the emergence of conflict is inherently a group-level phenomenon, and thus requires the aggregation of personality to the group (or at least dyadic) level of analysis. I propose that each of the Big Five personality traits (or specific facets), at the group level, affect the emergence of either task conflict, relationship conflict, or both. Developing our understanding of how group personality composition affects both of these types of conflict is necessary to better enable groups to manage conflict, and thereby lessen potentially harmful outcomes resulting from conflict.

Group Laziness: The Effect of Social Loafing on Group Performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyu Ying ◽  
Huanhuan Li ◽  
Shan Jiang ◽  
Fei Peng ◽  
Zhongxin Lin
Keyword(s):  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Group Performance ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Social Loafing ◽  
Task Condition ◽  
Typical Situation ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
Individual Task ◽  
The Individual

Social loafing has been defined as a phenomenon in which people exhibit a sizable decrease in individual effort when performing in groups as compared to when they perform alone, and has been regarded as a state variable. In this study, we instead conceptualized social loafing as a habitual response, given that many people have been found to be susceptible to social loafing in group tasks. We developed the self-reported Social Loafing Tendency Questionnaire (SLTQ) to measure individual variations in social loafing. In Study 1, the reliability and validity of the SLTQ were established in a sample of college students. In Study 2, SLTQ scores significantly negatively predicted individual performance in the group task condition, but not in the individual task condition. Social loafing can also be considered a trait variable, as it was found to modulate group dynamics when it was activated in a typical situation (i.e., being in a group).

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