scholarly journals Persistence of G10P[11] neonatal rotavirus infections in southern India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudhir Babji ◽  
Kulandaipalayam Natarajan Sindhu ◽  
Sribal Selvarajan ◽  
Sasirekha Ramani ◽  
Srinivasan Venugopal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Units ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Lower Segment ◽  
Lower Segment Caesarean Section ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Strain Stability ◽  
Rotavirus Infections

ABSTRACTNeonatal rotavirus infections are predominantly caused by distinct genotypes restricted to this age-group and are mostly asymptomatic. Stool samples from neonates admitted for >48 hours in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Vellore (2014-2015) and Chennai (2015-2016) in southern India, and from neonates born at hospitals in Vellore but not admitted to NICUs (2015-2016) were tested for rotavirus by ELISA and genotyped by hemi-nested RT-PCR. Of the 791 neonates, 150 and 336 were recruited from Vellore and Chennai NICUs, and 305 were born in five hospitals in Vellore. The positivity rates in the three settings were 49.3% (74/150), 29.5% (99/336) and 54% (164/305), respectively. G10P[11] was the commonly identified genotype in 87.8% (65/74), 94.9% (94/99) and 98.2% (161/164) of the neonates in Vellore and Chennai NICUs, and those born at Vellore hospitals, respectively. Neonates delivered by lower segment caesarean section (LSCS) at Vellore hospitals, not admitted to NICUs, had a significantly higher odds of acquiring rotavirus infection compared to those delivered vaginally [p=0.002, OR=2.4 (1.4-4.3)]. This report demonstrates the persistence of G10P[11] strain in Vellore and Chennai, indicating widespread neonatal G10P[11] strain in southern India and their persistence over two decades, leading to interesting questions about strain stability.

scholarly journals EFFICACY OF PHENYLEPHRINE OVER EPHEDRINE IN CONTROLLING FALL OF BLOOD PRESSURE: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING LOWER SEGMENT CAESAREAN SECTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keshav Saran Agrawal ◽  
Aruna Mahanta
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Spinal Anesthesia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Lower Segment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Segment Caesarean Section ◽  
Block Level ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: most of the lower segment caesarean sections are done under spinal anesthesia and in more that 80% of the cases, maternal fall in blood pressure can be observed intraoperatively. Throughout history many vasopressor drugs have been evaluated for the treatment. Aim: our research was conducted to compare the effect of phenylephrine with ephedrine given for the prophylaxis of prevention of intraoperative fall in blood pressure in females who are undergoing LSCS. Materials and Methods: a total of 100 cases were considered for our study and were randomly distributed in two groups. Group A cases were administered Phenylephrine while ephedrine was given to group B cases just after spinal anesthesia. Results: most of our study subjects were in the age group of 21-25 years who were in the range of 51-55 kgs. Spinal anesthesia was given by using bupivacaine & block level was checked at 2 & 5 mins. Phenylephrine was found to be superior in control of fall in blood pressure as more than 90% of the cases were brought back to their preoperative levels in less than 4 mins after spinal anesthesia. Whereas in group B, ephedrine took much more time of around 10 mins for control of BP. Conclusion: with proper monitoring of heart rate, phenylephrine is superior to ephedrine in controlling the fall in blood pressure. Keywords: Ephedrine, Phenylephrine, Hypotension, Bradycardia.

scholarly journals Biochemical parameter and feto-maternal outcome in preeclampsia: a hospital based observational study

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 4668
Author(s):  
Teena Nagar ◽  
Rajendra P. Nagar ◽  
Manisha Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Neonatal Outcome ◽  
Biochemical Parameter ◽  
Labor Pain ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Units ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Elevated Liver Enzymes

Background: Preeclampsia is one of the maternal diseases that cause detrimental effects on to the maternal, fetal, and neonatal health. The objective of the present study was to analyse maternal, perinatal outcome and investigation parameter in preeclampsia.Methods: This is an observational study and total of 90 consecutive patients were enrolled who has blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg after 20 weeks of gestation with proteinuria (1+ by dipstick).Results: Among enrolled patients, 52 (58%) were in age group of 25-35 year and 51 (57%) were primigravida. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure of patients was 148±3.8 mm of Hg and 95±1.4 mm of Hg respectively. Most common presenting symptom was labor pain in 65 (72%) patients followed by edema in 61 (68%) patients. Most common complication was CNS symptom including seizure (Eclampsia) in 13 (15%) patients followed by vaginal bleeding (including abruption) in 12 (13%) patients. Mean hemoglobin level was 9.12±0.9 gm/dl. Mean urea and creatinine values were 34±4.6 mg/dl and 1.5±1.1 mg/dl respectively. Out of total 90 patients, 18 (20%) had elevated liver enzymes. Most common neonatal outcome was low birth weight 63 (70%) and 40 (44%) were preterm. APGAR score was less than 7 in 11 (12%) patients and more than 7 in 79 (88%) patients. Five (5.5%) newborn were still born.Conclusions: Preeclampsia is associated with multiple maternal and neonatal complications. Hence, there is a need for regular antenatal checkup to detect early and strengthening of neonatal intensive care units.

scholarly journals CLINICAL PROFILE OF NEONATES WITH RESPIRATORY DISTRESS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Kulhari ◽  
Deepak Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Challenging Problem ◽  
Lower Segment ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Lower Segment Caesarean Section ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Respiratory distress (RD) is a challenging problem and is one of the most common causes of admission in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 50 cases. Term, pre-term and post-term babies both in-borns and out-borns cases were included in the study. Results: Of the 50 cases admitted with RD, 31 babies (62%) were delivered vaginally and 19 (38%) by lower segment caesarean section (LSCS). There were 33 (66%) males and 17 (34%) females in the study. There were 23 (46%) pre-term babies, 26 (52%) term and 1 (2%) post-term neonates who were admitted with RD. The majority of cases 42 (82%) presented with increased respiratory rate, chest in drawings. 41 (82%) babies had flaring of alae nasi. Conclusion: Increased respiratory rate along with chest in drawing, flaring of alae nasi are the presentation of RD in majority of cases. Keywords: Respiratory distress (RD), Flaring of alae nasi are, Tachypnea.

scholarly journals CLINICAL PROFILE OF NEONATES WITH RESPIRATORY DISTRESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Anubha Nema ◽  
Dr. Sunil Kumar Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Challenging Problem ◽  
Lower Segment ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Lower Segment Caesarean Section ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Respiratory distress (RD) is a challenging problem and is one of the most common causes of admission in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 50 cases. Term, pre-term and post-term babies both in-borns and out-borns cases were included in the study. Results: Of the 50 cases admitted with RD, 31 babies (62%) were delivered vaginally and 19 (38%) by lower segment caesarean section (LSCS). There were 33 (66%) males and 17 (34%) females in the study. There were 23 (46%) pre-term babies, 26 (52%) term and 1 (2%) post-term neonates who were admitted with RD. The majority of cases 42 (82%) presented with increased respiratory rate, chest in drawings. 41 (82%) babies had flaring of alae nasi. Conclusion: Increased respiratory rate along with chest in drawing, flaring of alae nasi are the presentation of RD in majority of cases. Keywords: Respiratory distress (RD), Flaring of alae nasi are, Tachypnea.

scholarly journals Adverse events and other incidents in neonatal intensive care units

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 937-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana da Silva Lanzillotti ◽  
Marismary Horsth De Seta ◽  
Carla Lourenço Tavares de Andrade ◽  
Walter Vieira Mendes Junior
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Units ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Intravascular Catheters ◽  
Healthcare Associated

The occurrence of avoidable adverse events (AEs) represents a problem of quality of care that is responsible for the increase in monetary and social costs, causing suffering to the patient, their family members and the professional involved. This situation is aggravated when it involves newborns (NBs) with very low birth weights and shorter gestational ages, admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICU). The scope of this study is to understand more about these incidents and adverse events in NICUs. The article aims to identify the occurrence of incidents, with and without injury that have occurred in NICUs in the literature and correlate this with the gestational age group of the NBs most affected. This is a systematic review of the available literature on incidents, particularly AEs as witnessed in NICUs. This study reveals that the types of incidents that occur in NICUs, with or without injury to the patient, are related to errors or failures in medication use, healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), skin injuries, mechanical ventilation and intravascular catheters. The cause of incidents and adverse events in NICUs are associated with human factors and the outcomes that are most damaging are due to HAIs. Furthermore, the study points out ways to mitigate these occurrences.

A Study of Obstetric Intrahepatic Cholestasis and Its Maternal and Perinatal Outcome at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Nagpur

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (37) ◽  
pp. 3323-3327
Author(s):  
Payal Jaywant Vaidya ◽  
Sumit Ashok Kumbhalwar ◽  
Makarand Jaywant Vaidya
Keyword(s):  
Intrahepatic Cholestasis ◽  
Perinatal Outcome ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Active Management ◽  
Serum Bile Acid ◽  
Intrahepatic Cholestasis Of Pregnancy ◽  
Lower Segment ◽  
Lower Segment Caesarean Section ◽  
Cholestasis Of Pregnancy

BACKGROUND Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a multifactorial pregnancy specific liver disorder which is also known as obstetric cholestasis. The purpose of this study was to establish the value of maternal serum bile acid in diagnosis of ICP, evaluate the treatment of ICP with UDCA (ursodeoxycholic acid) and its influence on maternal and neonatal outcome. METHODS It was a cross-sectional study. 90 women diagnosed with ICP were studied for a period of 2 years and 3 months at tertiary care government hospital. Statistical analysis was performed using chi square test. ‘P’ value of < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant in this observational study. RESULTS The present study evaluates that ICP is more common in multigravida and in age group of 26 years – 30 years. It recurs in subsequent pregnancies significantly. Itching, most common symptom is commenced at 34 weeks ± 2.85 weeks. Transaminases were normal with elevated serum bile acid levels in 32.33 % cases. The mean gestational age at delivery ranged between 35 to 39 weeks. Most common mode of delivery is lower segment caesarean section (LSCS) with commonest indication as meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) and 31 babies required neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). CONCLUSIONS Precise diagnosis, follow up, target medication and active management is required. Although maternal outcome for patients is good and without any long-term sequelae, fetal outcome can be devastating. Active management with close antenatal surveillance of the fetus is usually recommended for better perinatal outcome. KEYWORDS Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP), Ursodeoxycholic Acid (UDCA), Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Lower Segment Caesarean Section (LSCS)

Rapid detection of Rotavirus antigen in stool sample of acute diarrheic children

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-13
Author(s):  
Sushmita Roy ◽  
S.M. Shamsuzzaman ◽  
K.Z. Mamun
Keyword(s):  
Stool Sample ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rotavirus Infection ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Stool Samples

Rotavirus is one of the leading causes of pediatric diarrhea globally. Accurate and rapid diagnosis of Rotavirus diarrhea should reduce unnecessary use of antibiotics and ultimately reduce drug resistance. Study was designed for rapid diagnosis of Rotavirus antigen in stool sample by ICT (Immunochromatographic test) as well as to observe the seasonal variation of rotavirus infection. This cross sectional study was carried out in the department of Microbiology, Dhaka Medical College from January 2011 to December 2011. Eighty stool samples were collected from Dhaka Shishu Hospital and Dhaka Medical College Hospital. All samples were tested for rotavirus antigen by ICT. Among 80 patients, 42 (52.5%) samples were positive for rotavirus antigen. Among these 42 positive samples, 30 (71.43%) were from 0-12 months of age group, 10 (23.81%) from 13 to 24 months of age group and rest 2 (4.76%) from 25 to 36 months of age group. Rotavirus Ag was detected in stool samples from January to April and another peak episode from October to December. Considering the importance of Rotavirus associated diarrhea, rapid detection of Rotavirus infection in human is substantially needed and should be routinely practiced.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v6i1.19354 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2012; 06(01): 11-13

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