scholarly journals Manganese toxicity disrupts indole acetic acid homeostasis and suppresses CO2 assimilation reaction in rice plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Takagi ◽  
Keiki Ishiyama ◽  
Mao Suganami ◽  
Tomokazu Ushijima ◽  
Takeshi Fujii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Mn Toxicity ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Growth Defects ◽  
The Relationship

Despite the essentiality of Mn in terrestrial plants, its excessive accumulation in plant tissues causes growth defects, known as Mn toxicity. Mn toxicity can be divided into apoplastic and symplastic types depending on its onset. For growth defects, symplastic rather than apoplastic Mn toxicity is hypothesised to be more critical. However, details of the relationship between growth defects and symplastic Mn toxicity remains elusive. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of symplastic Mn toxicity in rice plants. We found that under excess Mn conditions, CO2 assimilation was inhibited by stomatal closure, and both carbon anabolic and catabolic activities were decreased. In addition to stomatal dysfunction, stomatal and leaf anatomical development were also altered by excess Mn accumulation. Furthermore, the indole acetic acid (IAA) concentration was decreased, and auxin-responsive gene expression analyses showed IAA-deficient symptoms in leaves due to excess Mn accumulation. These results suggest that excessive Mn accumulation causes IAA deficiency, and low IAA concentrations suppress plant growth by suppressing stomatal opening and leaf anatomical development for efficient CO2 assimilation in leaves.

scholarly journals Manganese toxicity disrupts indole acetic acid homeostasis and suppresses the CO2 assimilation reaction in rice leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Takagi ◽  
Keiki Ishiyama ◽  
Mao Suganami ◽  
Tomokazu Ushijima ◽  
Takeshi Fujii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Mn Toxicity ◽  
Growth Defects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Excessive Accumulation

AbstractDespite the essentiality of Mn in terrestrial plants, its excessive accumulation in plant tissues can cause growth defects, known as Mn toxicity. Mn toxicity can be classified into apoplastic and symplastic types depending on its onset. Symplastic Mn toxicity is hypothesised to be more critical for growth defects. However, details of the relationship between growth defects and symplastic Mn toxicity remain elusive. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying symplastic Mn toxicity in rice plants. We found that under excess Mn conditions, CO2 assimilation was inhibited by stomatal closure, and both carbon anabolic and catabolic activities were decreased. In addition to stomatal dysfunction, stomatal and leaf anatomical development were also altered by excess Mn accumulation. Furthermore, indole acetic acid (IAA) concentration was decreased, and auxin-responsive gene expression analyses showed IAA-deficient symptoms in leaves due to excess Mn accumulation. These results suggest that excessive Mn accumulation causes IAA deficiency, and low IAA concentrations suppress plant growth by suppressing stomatal opening and leaf anatomical development for efficient CO2 assimilation in leaves.

scholarly journals Changes in Agronomic and Physiological Traits of Sugarcane Grown with Saline Irrigation Water

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 722
Author(s):  
Kenta Watanabe ◽  
Hiroo Takaragawa ◽  
Masami Ueno ◽  
Yoshinobu Kawamitsu
Keyword(s):  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Saccharum Spp ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Harmful Effects

In Japan, the highest salt concentration in irrigation water for sugarcane cultivation has been reported to be above 2500 mg L−1, which may cause harmful effects to the crops; however, little information is available on the relationship between the salinity of irrigation water and sugarcane. To investigate its effects on agronomic and physiological traits, a Japanese cultivar, Saccharum spp cv. NiF8, was grown with 0, 200, 500, 1000, 2000, and 3000 mg NaCl L−1 under pot conditions. The treatments significantly lowered leaf area; however, NaCl levels up to 500 mg L−1 did not greatly reduce culm weight and juice sugar concentration. These traits were impaired when the tested cultivar was grown with 1000 mg NaCl L−1 or higher, indicating that salt concentration is desired to be lower than 1000 mg L−1. CO2 assimilation rate was inhibited mainly due to stomatal closure caused by salt stress. The treatments significantly altered Na+, Cl−, and K+ concentrations in juice but not those in leaf, suggesting that juice analysis is an effective method to estimate its salinization status. Culm weight and juice sugar concentration were severely affected as juice conductivity exceeded 900 mS m−1; thereby, sugarcane plants of NiF8 possessing conductivity above this level could be considered salt-stressed where water salinity is a concern.

Modelling Stomatal Responses to Environment in Macadamia integrifolia

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 649 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Humidity Response ◽  
Macadamia Integrifolia ◽  
Stomatal Responses ◽  
Simple Equations ◽  
The Relationship

Gas exchange measurements were made of photosynthetic and stomatal responses of Macadamia integrifolia under controlled conditions. Test leaves were subjected to a range of temperatures, humidities and photon irradiances. When stomatal responses to humidity were plotted as a function of vapour mol fraction difference (D) a similar curvilinear response was observed at all temperatures and at photon irradiances of 200 and 1500 μmol quanta m-2 s-1. By contrast, when expressed as a function of relative humidity, different slopes in the humidity response were observed, and at high photon irradiances, stomatal conductances (gs) appeared to have an optimum temperature below 15�C. Simple equations to quantify responses to leaf temperature (TI) and D were developed, the best of which was gs = [1-k1(1-[Tl/Topt)]/k2√D, where Topt is the leaf temperature at which maximal stomatal opening is observed and k1 and k2 are constants fitted by non-linear least squares regression analysis. Calculation of the gain ratio of CO2 assimilation (A) to transpiration (E) (δA/δE) was complicated by effects of D on the relationship between A and leaf intercellular mol fraction of CO2 (CI). Calculation of δA/δE using A/CI relationships derived by varying external CO2 mol fraction at constant D showed the gain ratio to be virtually constant (1.5 mmol mol-1) across a range of leaf temperatures and vapour mol fraction differences but, when calculated directly from the relationship between A and gs, a decrease in δA/δE with D was observed. Macadamia leaves have heavily sclerified bundle sheath extensions and it is considered that this dependence was an artefact due to non-uniform stomatal closure in response to increasing D. It is shown that, at any given temperature, a stomatal response of the form gsD-1/2 gives rise to an approximately constant δA/δE.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN SPESIALISASI SEL DENGAN KANDUNGAN IAA PADA KULTUR SEL Catharanthus roseus DENGAN PENAMBAHAN TRIPTOFAN

EUGENIA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dingse Pandiangan ◽  
Wenny Tilaar ◽  
Nelson Nainggolan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cell Specialization

ABSTRACT The corelation cell specialization with IAA (indole acetic acid) content  of Catharanthus roseus cell culture by the addition of tryptophan has been done. This research is part of a strategy to increased the catharanthine content. One strategy used is the addition of tryptophan as a precursor treatment. IAA was other compound of the effect of the addition of tryptophan. Research was conducted in the laboratory using MS medium with tryptophan 50-250 mg/L. The cell morphology observations made by Halogen Nikon microscope and documented with a digital camera Nikon DXM 1200F. The results showed that cell morphology is essentially the same for each treatment. The differences seen is the presence of more the long cells in the treatment of tryptophan. The longest ratio is the treatment of 150 mg/L tryptophan at day 14 of culture. Changes in cell morphology relationship more long (run specialization) has something to do with the IAA content after treatment tryptophan. The highest IAA content equal 214,79±0,90  µg/g dw  was occurred at day 14th after being treated tryptophan 150 mg/L with 75% long cells or cells specialization. The relationship between the content of IAA specialized cells showed a positive correlation of 0.80 or 80% of each other. Key words: Cell specialization, IAA content, catharanthine, tryptophan, Catharanthus roseus ABSTRAK   Hubungan antara spesialisasi sel dengan kandungan IAA (asam indol asetat) kultur sel Catharanthus roseus dengan perlakuan triptofan telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini merupakan bagian dari strategi peningkatan kandungan katarantin. Salah satu strategi yang digunakan adalah penambahan perlakuan triptofan sebagai prekursor. IAA merupakan hasil sampingan sebagai pengaruh penambahan triptofan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di laboratorium dengan menggunakan media MS dengan triptofan 50-250 mg/L. Pengamatan spesialisasi sel dilakukan dengan mikroskop Nikon Halogen  dan didokumentasikan dengan kamera digital Nikon DXM 1200F. Bentuk sel pada dasarnya sama untuk setiap perlakuan. Perbedaan yang terlihat nyata adalah adanya sel-sel panjang lebih banyak pada perlakukan triptofan. Perlakuan yang paling panjang rationya adalah pada perlakuan 150 mg/L triptofan pada hari ke-14 kultur. Hubungan perubahan bentuk sel yang lebih banyak panjang (mengalami spesialisasi) ada hubungannya dengan kandungan IAA dan katarantin yang meningkat selelah perlakuan triptofan. Kandungan IAA paling tinggi yaitu sebesar 214,79±0,90  µg/g bk  terjadi pada hari ke 14 selelah diberi perlakuan triptofan 150 mg/L dengan persentasi sel panjang atau sel mengalami spesialisasi 75%. Hubungan antara spesialisasi sel dengan kandungan IAA menunjukkan hubungan yang positif sebesar 0,80 atau 80% saling menunjang. Kata kunci: Spesialisasi sel, IAA, katarantin, triptofan, Catharanthus roseus

Hydrogen sulfide may function downstream of hydrogen peroxide in mediating darkness-induced stomatal closure in Vicia faba

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinli Ma ◽  
Jiao Niu ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Xiang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
H2o2 Accumulation ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Cysteine Desulfhydrase ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) during darkness-induced stomatal closure in Vicia faba L. was investigated by using pharmacological, spectrophotographic and lasers canning confocal microscopic approaches. Darkness-induced stomatal closure was inhibited by H2S scavenger hypotaurine (HT), H2S synthesis inhibitors aminooxy acetic acid (AOA) and hydroxylamine (NH2OH) and potassium pyruvate (N3H3KO3) and ammonia (NH3), which are the products of L-/D-cysteine desulfhydrase (L-/D-CDes). Moreover, darkness induced H2S generation and increased L-/D-CDes activity in leaves of V. faba. H2O2 scavenger and synthesis inhibitors suppressed darkness-induced increase of H2S levels and L-/D-CDes activity as well as stomatal closure in leaves of V. faba. However, H2S scavenger and synthesis inhibitors had no effect on darkness-induced H2O2 accumulation in guard cells of V. faba. From these data it can be deduced that H2S is involved in darkness-induced stomatal closure and acts downstream of H2O2 in V. faba.

Isolation and identification of IAA producing endosymbiotic bacteria from Gracillaria corticata (J. Agardh)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 5179
Author(s):  
Ilahi Shaik* ◽  
P. Janakiram ◽  
Sujatha L. ◽  
Sushma Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Endosymbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth

Indole acetic acid is a natural phytohormone which influence the root and shoot growth of the plants. Six (GM1-GM6) endosymbiotic bacteria are isolated from Gracilaria corticata and screened for the production of IAA out of six, three bacterial strains GM3, GM5 and GM6 produced significant amount of IAA 102.4 µg/ml 89.40 µg/ml 109.43 µg/ml respectively. Presence of IAA in culture filtrate of the above strains is further analyzed and confirmed by TLC. As these bacterial strains, able to tolerate the high salinity these can be effectively used as PGR to increase the crop yield in saline soils.

scholarly journals The correlation between lncRNAs and Helicobacter pylori in gastric cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Narges Dastmalchi ◽  
Seyed Mahdi Banan Khojasteh ◽  
Mirsaed Miri Nargesi ◽  
Reza Safaralizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Gastric Diseases ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Helicobacter pylori infection performs a key role in gastric tumorigenesis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have demonstrated a great potential to be regarded as effective malignancy biomarkers for various gastrointestinal diseases including gastric cancer (GC). The present review highlights the relationship between lncRNAs and H. pylori in GC. Several studies have examined not only the involvement of lncRNAs in H. pylori-associated GC progression but also their molecular mechanisms of action. Among the pertinent studies, some have addressed the effects of H. pylori infection on modulatory networks of lncRNAs, while others have evaluated the effects of changes in the expression level of lncRNAs in H. pylori-associated gastric diseases, especially GC. The relationship between lncRNAs and H. pylori was found to be modulated by various molecular pathways.

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