scholarly journals Coughs, Colds and "Freshers' Flu" Survey in the University of Cambridge, 2007-2008

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken TD Eames ◽  
Maria L Tang ◽  
Edward M Hill ◽  
Michael M Tildesley ◽  
Jonathan M Read ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Small Group Teaching ◽  
Infectious Disease Transmission ◽  
Respiratory Illnesses ◽  
University Of Cambridge ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
The University

Universities provide many opportunities for the spread of infectious respiratory illnesses. Students are brought together into close proximity from all across the world and interact with one another in their accommodation, through lectures and small group teaching and in social settings. The COVID-19 global pandemic has highlighted the need for sufficient data to help determine which of these factors are important for infectious disease transmission in universities and hence control university morbidity as well as community spillover. We describe the data from a previously unpublished self-reported university survey of coughs, colds and flu-like symptoms collected in Cambridge, UK, during winter 2007-2008. The online survey collected information on symptoms and socio-demographic, academic and lifestyle factors. There were 1076 responses, 97% from University of Cambridge students (5.7% of the total university student population), 3% from staff and <1% from other participants, reporting onset of symptoms between September 2007 and March 2008. Undergraduates are seen to report symptoms earlier in the term than postgraduates; differences in reported date of symptoms are also seen between subjects and accommodation types, although these descriptive results could be confounded by survey biases. Despite the historic and exploratory nature of the study, this is one of few recent detailed datasets of flu-like infection in a university context and is especially valuable to share now to improve understanding of potential transmission dynamics in universities during the current COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Contacts and behaviours of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic at the start of the 2020/2021 academic year

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Nixon ◽  
Adam Trickey ◽  
Hannah Christensen ◽  
Adam Finn ◽  
Amy Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
University Students ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Infectious Disease Transmission ◽  
Data Gap ◽  
University Of Bristol ◽  
Cardinal Symptoms ◽  
The University ◽  
Academic Year

AbstractUniversity students have unique living, learning and social arrangements which may have implications for infectious disease transmission. To address this data gap, we created CONQUEST (COroNavirus QUESTionnaire), a longitudinal online survey of contacts, behaviour, and COVID-19 symptoms for University of Bristol (UoB) staff/students. Here, we analyse results from 740 students providing 1261 unique records from the start of the 2020/2021 academic year (14/09/2020–01/11/2020), where COVID-19 outbreaks led to the self-isolation of all students in some halls of residences. Although most students reported lower daily contacts than in pre-COVID-19 studies, there was heterogeneity, with some reporting many (median = 2, mean = 6.1, standard deviation = 15.0; 8% had ≥ 20 contacts). Around 40% of students’ contacts were with individuals external to the university, indicating potential for transmission to non-students/staff. Only 61% of those reporting cardinal symptoms in the past week self-isolated, although 99% with a positive COVID-19 test during the 2 weeks before survey completion had self-isolated within the last week. Some students who self-isolated had many contacts (mean = 4.3, standard deviation = 10.6). Our results provide context to the COVID-19 outbreaks seen in universities and are available for modelling future outbreaks and informing policy.

scholarly journals Patients’ case scenario as well as approaches and strategies adopted to manage COVID-19 pandemic at Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Ziaur Rahman ◽  
Saif Khan
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Transmission Curve ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
The University

Corona virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe acute respiratory infection caused by corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). It originated from Wuhan city of China in December 2019 and spread like a wild fire to the entire globe and was declared as global pandemic by WHO on March 11, 2020. With no available cure and vaccine, this disease has taken a mammoth toll on the human life; therefore, SMS (‘Social Distancing’, use of ‘Mask’ and regular hand washing with ‘Soap’) has emerged as a sole tool to prevent its spread. The Indian government declared the first lockdown from March 25th 2020 with subsequent second, third and fourth lockdowns up to 31st March 2020 to decrease the disease transmission and flatten the disease transmission curve. Aligarh Muslim University is one of the prestigious central and residential universities in India. It is located in Aligarh district adjoining national capital region. The university has an attached tertiary care ‘Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College Hospital’. This narrative review discusses the various steps and procedures taken up by the university and hospital administration, other functionaries, faculty members and doctors in tackling the serious pandemic until 22nd June 2020. The proactive role of administration, dedication and hard work of health care professionals and innovation of some academicians has given a new vista of opportunities to tackle this global health pandemic. The recovery rate of coronavirus patients at AMU hospital is recorded as 71.9%, which is much higher than national average recovery rate (56%). Thus, AMU model gives some positive insights to fight the current global pandemic. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(0) 2020 p. S 28-S 35

scholarly journals A Scoping Review of Respirator Literature and a Survey among Dental Professionals

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Farronato ◽  
Elisa Boccalari ◽  
Ettore Del Rosso ◽  
Valentina Lanteri ◽  
Riaan Mulder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Dental Professionals

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus was discovered in China in late 2019 and subsequently triggered a global pandemic. Dentists, like many other health professionals, are at an increased risk of contracting the virus as they work in close proximity to patients, especially when performing aerosol-generating procedures. Thus, in order for dentists to protect themselves and their patients, it is recommended that practitioners wear filtering facepiece 2 (FFP2) respirators. The prolonged use of these FFP2 respirators has been linked to several side effects. The aim of this paper is to assess the perceived experience associated with N95/FFP2 respirators based on the available literature and data collected through an online survey completed by Italian dental professionals. Articles were included up to May 2020 and literature searches were conducted through The National Library of Medicine, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Embase databases. The search terms included COVID-19, respirators, masks, and discomfort. An online survey was administered to 256 Italian dentists. The results from this survey were in agreement with the available literature. The findings concurred that the prolonged use of respirators was associated with headaches (47.5%), severe exertion and discomfort (50.8%), moderate concentration problems (54.3%), moderate breathing difficulties (63.5%), and consequently, an impaired work ability (85.5%). These findings were not influenced by the number of hours spent wearing the respirator. Despite several side effects, FFP2 respirators are fundamental in protecting dentists and their importance was acknowledged.

scholarly journals TP8.2.5 Taking the virtual plunge: delivering an intensive curriculum at the 'St Thomas' MRCS course' in the COVID era

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Davis ◽  
Ashish Patel ◽  
Odile Wythe ◽  
Shirley Chan
Keyword(s):  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Royal College ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Small Group Teaching ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Participant Satisfaction ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Interactive Lectures

Abstract Aims The Covid-19 global pandemic changed the world. Disruption to teaching and training has been felt across medicine, but more acutely in craft specialities such as surgery. The Royal College of Surgeons has raised concerns and started a campaign: ‘no training today, no surgeons tomorrow’. Innovation and adaptation are required in this new normal. We assess the effectiveness of adapting an intensive face-to-face revision course covering essential skills and knowledge required for the Membership of the Royal College of Surgeons (MRCS) examination to the virtual world. Methods Over five days interactive lectures, small-group teaching (clinical examination, communication, procedural skills), and a complete mock examination were delivered by a faculty of expert lecturers, consultants and actors live over Zoom. Feedback was collected on all aspects of the course by online survey. Sessions were marked for presentation, clarity, relevance and overall quality. Results 19 participants attended 35 sessions and six mock stations, with a total of 597 candidate sessions and 108 candidate mock stations. 94% of ratings were at least very good; 63% were excellent. Participants reported significantly improved levels of skill and knowledge (p &lt; 0.001). Most felt skills improved from fair to very good. All candidates felt the course was well organised and allowed full participation. Conclusion Increasingly, medical education is occurring in the virtual world. Whilst this poses difficulty in craft specialities, particularly for skill acquisition, our data demonstrate high participant satisfaction. Moreover, significant improvements were seen in self-assessment of skills and knowledge as a consequence of this unique course.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Infectious Diseases and Housing Maintenance in Indigenous Australian Households

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahmir H. Ali ◽  
Tim Foster ◽  
Nina Lansbury Hall
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Indigenous Australians ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Infectious Disease Transmission ◽  
Indigenous Australian ◽  
Respiratory Illnesses ◽  
Narrative Literature ◽  
The Government ◽  
Narrative Literature Review

This research aimed to identify systemic housing-level contributions to infectious disease transmission for Indigenous Australians, in response to the Government program to ‘close the gap’ of health and other inequalities. A narrative literature review was performed in accordance to PRISMA guidelines. The findings revealed a lack of housing maintenance was associated with gastrointestinal infections, and skin-related diseases were associated with crowding. Diarrhoea was associated with the state of food preparation and storage areas, and viral conditions such as influenza were associated with crowding. Gastrointestinal, skin, ear, eye, and respiratory illnesses are related in various ways to health hardware functionality, removal and treatment of sewage, crowding, presence of pests and vermin, and the growth of mould and mildew. The research concluded that infectious disease transmission can be reduced by improving housing conditions, including adequate and timely housing repair and maintenance, and the enabling environment to perform healthy behaviours.

INTERVIEW WITH PETINA GAPPAH

Imbizo ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
Faith Mkwesha
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Short Story ◽  
First Language ◽  
Short Story Collection ◽  
The Third ◽  
University Of Cambridge ◽  
Book Award ◽  
The University ◽  
The Guardian ◽  
University Of Zimbabwe

This interview was conducted on 16 May 2009 at Le Quartier Francais in Franschhoek, Cape Town, South Africa. Petina Gappah is the third generation of Zimbabwean writers writing from the diaspora. She was born in 1971 in Zambia, and grew up in Zimbabwe during the transitional moment from colonial Rhodesia to independence. She has law degrees from the University of Zimbabwe, the University of Cambridge, and the University of Graz. She writes in English and also draws on Shona, her first language. She has published a short story collection An Elegy for Easterly (2009), first novel The Book of Memory (2015), and another collection of short stories, Rotten Row (2016).  Gappah’s collection of short stories An Elegy for Easterly (2009) was awarded The Guardian First Book Award in 2009, and was shortlisted for the Frank O’Connor International Short Story Award, the richest prize for the short story form. Gappah was working on her novel The Book of Memory at the time of this interview.

Travel Connectivity and Infectious Disease Transmission Risks in Oceania

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Maria Cadavid Restrepo ◽  
Luis Furuya-Kanamori ◽  
Helen Mayfield ◽  
Eric J. Nilles ◽  
Colleen L. Lau
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Infectious Disease Transmission

scholarly journals Mentors' experiences in an osteopathic medical student research program

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler Hamby ◽  
W. Paul Bowman ◽  
Don P. Wilson ◽  
Riyaz Basha
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
Systematic Instruction ◽  
Medical Student Research ◽  
Research Programs ◽  
Student Mentor ◽  
The University

Abstract Context Medical students, especially at osteopathic medical schools, have limited research exposure. Systematic instruction in research, supervised by qualified mentors, could motivate osteopathic medical students to pursue research in their careers, thereby increasing the number of future clinician-scientists. Recruiting and retaining suitable research mentors are crucial to sustaining such programs, but this task is also particularly challenging for osteopathic medical schools. Objectives To assess mentors' experiences in a voluntary student-mentor medical research program. Methods An online survey was sent to 76 university- or hospital-based participants who previously mentored 219 medical students between 2014 and 2019. The questionnaire consisted of 13 items with responses in checklist, five-point Likert scale, and categorical multiple-choice formats, assessing motivation for participation, satisfaction with the program, and interest in future participation. Data were analyzed descriptively, and responses from mentors at the university and hospital were compared using univariate logistic and ordinal regression analyses. Results Among 70 (92.1%) mentors who responded to the survey, 61 (87.1%) reported being motivated by a desire to help medical students learn research. Forty-nine (70.0%) mentors indicated that furthering their own research productivity was a motivation, and hospital-based mentors were statistically significantly more likely to endorse this source of motivation (OR=2.02; 95% CI=1.18–3.45; p=0.01). Most respondents were satisfied with the quality of the students' work (59 [84.3%]) and with the program (59 [85.5%]). However, 46 (65.7%) suggested the program could be enhanced by requiring medical students to be physically present in the clinic or laboratory for a minimum amount of time. Importantly, most (58 [84.1%]) mentors reported that they would be interested in participating in future mentored research programs. Conclusions Mentors were motivated to participate in the voluntary research program for both altruistic and professional reasons. Since most mentors reported being satisfied with the program, it is likely they would participate in future mentored research programs. Our results suggest that mentors viewed this voluntary research program as mutually beneficial.

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