scholarly journals Association between physical-activity trajectories and cognitive decline in adults 50 years of age or older

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Cheval ◽  
Zsófia Csajbók ◽  
Tomáš Formánek ◽  
Stefan Sieber ◽  
Matthieu P. Boisgontier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
High Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Group ◽  
Immediate Recall ◽  
Growth Mixture ◽  
Growth Mixture Modelling ◽  
Physical Activity Group

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the associations of physical-activity trajectories with the level of cognitive performance and its decline in adults 50 years of age or older.MethodsWe studied 38729 individuals (63 ± 9 years; 57% women) enrolled in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Physical activity was self-reported and cognitive performance was assessed based on immediate recall, verbal fluency, and delayed recall. Physical-activity trajectories were estimated using growth mixture modelling and linear mixed effects models were used to investigate the associations between the trajectories and cognitive performance.ResultsThe models identified two physical-activity trajectories of physical activity: constantly-high physical activity (N=27634: 71%) and decreasing physical activity (N=11095; 29%). Results showed that participants in the decreasing physical-activity group exhibited a lower level of cognitive performance compared to the high physical-activity group (immediate recall: ß=0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.92 to 0.95; verbal fluency: ß=0.98; 95% CI=0.97 to 0.98; delayed recall: ß=0.95; 95% CI=0.94 to 0.97). Moreover, compared with participants in the constantly-high physical-activity group, participants in the decreasing physical-activity group showed a steeper decline in all cognitive measures (immediate recall: ß=-0.04; 95% CI=-0.05 to −0.04; verbal fluency: ß=-0.22; 95% CI=-0.24 to −0.21; delayed recall: ß=-0.04; 95% CI=-0.05 to −0.04).ConclusionsPhysical-activity trajectories are associated with the level and evolution of cognitive performance in adults over 50 years. Specifically, our findings suggest that a decline in physical activity over multiple years is associated with a lower level and a steeper decline in cognitive performance.

scholarly journals Association between physical-activity trajectories and cognitive decline in adults 50 years of age or older

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Cheval ◽  
Zsófia Csajbók ◽  
Tomáš Formánek ◽  
Stefan Sieber ◽  
Matthieu P. Boisgontier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
High Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Group ◽  
Immediate Recall ◽  
Growth Mixture ◽  
Growth Mixture Modelling ◽  
Physical Activity Group

Abstract Aims To investigate the associations of physical-activity trajectories with the level of cognitive performance (CP) and its decline in adults 50 years of age or older. Methods We studied 38 729 individuals (63 ± 9 years; 57% women) enrolled in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Physical activity was self-reported and CP was assessed based on immediate recall, verbal fluency and delayed recall. Physical-activity trajectories were estimated using growth mixture modelling and linear mixed-effects models were used to investigate the associations between the trajectories and CP. Results The models identified two trajectories of physical activity: constantly high physical activity (N = 27 634: 71%) and decreasing physical activity (N = 11 095; 29%). Results showed that participants in the decreasing physical-activity group exhibited a lower level of CP compared to the high physical-activity group (immediate recall: ß = 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.92–0.95; verbal fluency: ß = 0.98; 95% CI = 0.97–0.98; delayed recall: ß = 0.95; 95% CI = 0.94–0.97). Moreover, compared with participants in the constantly high physical-activity group, participants in the decreasing physical-activity group showed a steeper decline in all cognitive measures (immediate recall: ß = −0.04; 95% CI = −0.05 to −0.04; verbal fluency: ß = −0.22; 95% CI = −0.24 to −0.21; delayed recall: ß = −0.04; 95% CI = −0.05 to −0.04). Conclusions Physical-activity trajectories are associated with the level and evolution of CP in adults over 50 years. Specifically, our findings suggest that a decline in physical activity over multiple years is associated with a lower level and a steeper decline in CP.

scholarly journals Trajectories of depressive symptoms and associated patterns of cognitive decline

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Formánek ◽  
Zsófia Csajbók ◽  
Katrin Wolfová ◽  
Matěj Kučera ◽  
Sarah Tom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Smoothing Splines ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Immediate Recall ◽  
Growth Mixture ◽  
Growth Mixture Modelling

AbstractThe aim was to investigate the pattern and rate of cognitive decline across distinctive trajectories of depressive symptoms in older adults. In this prospective multinational cohort study on 69,066 participants (on average 64 years at baseline, 55% women), assessments of cognitive functions (immediate recall, delayed recall, verbal fluency) and depressive symptoms (EURO-D scale) were conducted at 2-year intervals. The trajectories of depressive symptoms were obtained using latent growth mixture modelling, cognitive decline was assessed using smoothing splines and linear mixed effects models. Four distinct trajectories of depressive symptoms were identified: constantly low (n = 49,660), constantly high (n = 2999), increasing (n = 6828) and decreasing (n = 9579). Individuals with increasing and constantly high depressive symptoms showed linear cognitive decline, while those with constantly low and decreasing depressive symptoms had fluctuating cognition. Participants with increasing depressive symptoms had the fastest decline, while those with decreasing symptoms were spared from decline in cognition. This study suggests that the pattern as well as the rate of cognitive decline co-occurs with specific patterns of changes in depressive symptoms over time. The most pronounced cognitive decline is present in individuals, in whom depressive symptoms increase late in life. Unique mechanisms of cognitive decline may exist for subgroups of the population, and are associated with the trajectory of depressive symptoms.

scholarly journals Long-term high physical activity modulates event-related potential indices of inhibitory control in postmenopausal women

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6523
Author(s):  
Chang Xu ◽  
Yingzhi Lu ◽  
Biye Wang ◽  
Chenglin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Group ◽  
Physical Activity Group

Background Inhibition processing is sensitive to aging, and an age-related decline in inhibition processing has been associated with an accelerated rate of progression to Alzheimer disease. Elderly women are two to three times more likely than age-matched men to have Alzheimer disease. Therefore, this study examined whether long-term high physical activity affects inhibitory processing, specifically among postmenopausal women. Methods In total, 251 candidates were screened using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices to assess their cognitive abilities and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (Chinese version) to assess their physical activity levels. The participants were then grouped into either a long-term high physical activity group (defined as more than 3 days of high intensity activity per week and gross metabolic equivalent minutes (MET-minutes) higher than 1,500 MET-minutes/week or a gross MET higher than 3,000 MET-minutes/week obtained through walking or other moderate or high intensity activity) or a control group and matched for demographic and health characteristics as well as cognitive scores. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded as participants performed a Go/No-go task to assess inhibition processing. Results The long-term high physical activity group (n = 30) had faster Go reaction times than the control group (n = 30), whereas no significant difference between the two groups was found in their performance accuracy on the No-go task. For the ERP results, the latency of N2 component was significantly shorter in the long-term high physical activity group than that in the control group. Discussion The results of this study suggested that long-term high physical activity may increase the efficiency of the inhibitory control system by increasing the activity of response monitoring processes.

Lifestyles and Mortality in Taiwan: An 11-Year Follow-up Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen-Huai Lin ◽  
Po-Wen Ku ◽  
Pesus Chou
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
High Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Group ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Activity Groups ◽  
Physical Activity Group

The associations of modifiable lifestyle-related factors with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality were examined in a population-based sample of older Taiwanese people. A total of 4176 individuals aged 50 years and older, with 11 years of follow-up, were analyzed. Current and former smokers had a higher risk of all-cause mortality compared with never smokers ([HR = 1.33; 95% CI = 1.12, 1.58], [HR = 1.39; 95% CI = 1.16, 1.68]). Low intake of vegetables and fruits was associated with a significantly higher risk of 1.43 (95% CI = 1.13, 1.81) for cardiovascular mortality and 1.22 (95% CI = 1.09, 1.38) for all-cause mortality. The low physical activity group at baseline who became part of the low, moderate, and high physical activity groups during follow-up had the following risks of cardiovascular mortality: ([HR = 2.89; 95% CI = 1.91, 4.36], [HR = 2.17; 95% CI = 1.29, 3.63], [HR = 1.59; 95% CI = 0.90, 2.82]). Similarly, the moderate physical activity group at baseline who became part of the low, moderate, and high physical activity groups during follow-up had the following risks of cardiovascular mortality: ([HR = 3.52; 95% CI = 2.14, 5.80], [HR = 2.25; 95% CI = 1.34, 3.80], [HR = 1.44; 95% CI = 0.78, 2.66]). The same tendencies were found in all-cause mortality. Smoking, diet, and physical activity were significantly modifiable lifestyle-related factors for mortality.Besides, individuals who decreased their physical activity had a significantly higher risk, whereas those who increased their physical activity had a significantly lower risk.

Influence of physical activity on cardiac autonomic control in patients with dyslipidaemia

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-241
Author(s):  
A. Anand ◽  
P. Bhati ◽  
A. Mujaddadi ◽  
S. Verma ◽  
I.H. Naqvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Autonomic Dysfunction ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Autonomic Control ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
High Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Control ◽  
Activity Group ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction ◽  
Physical Activity Group

The objective of this study was to compare the cardiac autonomic control of dyslipidaemia patients engaged in different levels of physical activity and to determine the predictive ability of physical activity for cardiac autonomic dysfunction in these patients. This study also aimed to compare the cardiac autonomic control of dyslipidaemia patients and healthy adults. 52 patients (age: 49.1±4.53 years) with dyslipidaemia were recruited along with 16 healthy adults. Physical activity levels were assessed by International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and subjects were divided into three categories – low, moderate, and high physical activity. Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis was performed for obtaining time and frequency domain parameters. Presence of cardiac autonomic dysfunction was defined as standard deviation of N-N intervals <44 ms. HRV parameters were compared between 3 groups of dyslipidaemia patients and healthy controls. Predictive ability of physical activity for cardiac autonomic dysfunction in dyslipidaemia was evaluated after adjusting clinical covariates. There was a significant difference between low-frequency power (cardiac sympathetic control), and ratio of low- and high-frequency (HF) power (sympatho-vagal balance) in low versus moderate physical activity group and low versus high physical activity group (P<0.001). Significant differences were also observed for HFnu power (cardiac vagal activity) and total power between the dyslipidaemia groups. Physical activity was found to be a significant (P=0.03), independent predictor of cardiac autonomic dysfunction in dyslipidaemia patients. Findings of the present study suggest that cardiac autonomic profile of dyslipidaemia patients with different physical activity levels varied significantly. Dyslipidaemia patients engaged in moderate and high physical activity demonstrated significantly less sympathetic activity and better sympatho-vagal balance than those engaged in low levels of physical activity; also, vagal cardiac control was significantly greater in high physical activity group. Lower levels of physical activity determined the presence of cardiac autonomic dysfunction in these patients at an optimal cut-off value of ≤1,558 Metabolic Equivalent of Tasks- min/week.

scholarly journals The Relation between Physical Activity and Health among Highly and Moderately Active Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (86) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitas Linonis ◽  
Laura Daniusevičiūtė ◽  
Rasa Šulnienė ◽  
Loreta Šapokienė ◽  
Šarūnas Klizas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
High Physical Activity ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Activity Group ◽  
Nutrition Research ◽  
Physical Activity Group

Research background and hypothesis. Lack of physical activity is influenced by a number of chronic non-infectious, mental (Corbin et al. 2001; Golden et al., 2004) and other diseases (Katzmarzyk et al., 2003). Students’ physical activity and nutrition research remains relevant, especially for those students the future profession of which is not related to physical activity and health. Research aim. The aim of the study was to estimate the relation between physical activity and health among highly and moderately active students.Research methods. All the subjects (n = 327) were grouped according to their physical activity levels. The group highly physically active students – female athletes (n = 32) and male athletes (n = 79) who were physically active more than 3000 minutes per week. The group of moderate physical activity included females (n = 47) and males (n = 169) who were physically active 600–3000 minutes per week (Ainsworth, Levy, 2004). The respondents filled in anonymous questionnaires: the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The questions dealt with the time being physically active in the last seven days. The survey took place in February–April, 2012. Research results. The subjects in high physical activity group gave a subjective evaluation of their physical activity as high (53%) and moderate (32%). The subjects in the moderate physical activity group evaluated their physical activity as moderate (60%) and high (26%). All subjects in both groups indicated that their health was good. The headache symptoms, stomach, abdominal or back pains, sadness, depression, insomnia and dizziness were rare or not common at all to subjects in high (63%) physical activity group. Sadness, depression, nervous tension and irritability, and bad mood were common to subjects in moderate (59%) physical activity group. The subjects in high physical activity group had their meals three – four times per day (76%), but subjects in moderate group ate only two - three times per day (61%). Irregular lunch and dinner were common to subjects in moderate physical activity group (63%). Discussion  and  conclusions.  Research  results  showed  that  subjects  in  high  and  moderate  physical  activity groups gave correct subjective evaluations of their physical activity forms. Also subjects in high physical activity group had breakfast, dinner and supper on regular basis and they had balanced diets more often (p < 0.05).Keywords: physical activity, health, nutrition

Association Between Season of Birth and Cognitive Aging in Older Adults: Pan-European Population-Based Study on 70,000 Individuals

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Matej Kucera ◽  
Katrin Wolfova ◽  
Pavla Cermakova
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Population Based ◽  
European Population ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Immediate Recall

Background: Several early-life factors have been associated with higher risk of developing dementia. It is unclear whether season of birth (SOB) can affect cognitive aging in older adults or not. Objective: We aimed to study the association of SOB with the level of cognitive performance as well as with the rate of cognitive decline. Methods: We studied 70,203 individuals who participated in the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe. Cognition was measured with tests on verbal fluency and immediate and delayed recall. We assessed the association of SOB with the level of cognitive performance using multiple linear regression and with the rate of cognitive decline using linear mixed-effects models. Results: When compared to individuals born in winter and adjusted for sociodemographic and health-related characteristics, being born in summer was associated with a higher level of delayed recall (B 0.05; 95%CI 0.01 to 0.09) and verbal fluency (B 0.15; 95%CI 0.00 to 0.29) and being born in fall with a higher level of immediate recall (B 0.04; 95%CI 0.01 to 0.08) and verbal fluency (B 0.15; 95%CI 0.01 to 0.29). Individuals born in summer had a higher yearly decline in delayed recall (B –0.005; 95%CI –0.009 to 0.000), while the scores in delayed recall in participants born in spring showed an inverse trend (B 0.005; 95%CI 0.000 to 0.010). Conclusion: Individuals born in winter seem to carry a life-long disadvantage in a lower level of cognitive performance; however, being born in winter does not seem to affect the rate of cognitive decline.

Developing an Interactive Physical Activity Group in a Geriatric Psychiatry Facility

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane C. Holliman ◽  
Ute C. Orgassa ◽  
Jennie Pillion Forney
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Geriatric Psychiatry ◽  
Activity Group ◽  
Physical Activity Group

Physical Activity Group Environment Questionnaire--Modified

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty T. Izumi ◽  
Amy J. Schulz ◽  
Graciela Mentz ◽  
Barbara A. Israel ◽  
Sharon L. Sand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Group ◽  
Group Environment ◽  
Group Environment Questionnaire ◽  
Physical Activity Group

scholarly journals Acute Effects of a Short Bout of Physical Activity on Cognitive Function in Sport Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3678
Author(s):  
Martin Niedermeier ◽  
Elisabeth M. Weiss ◽  
Lisa Steidl-Müller ◽  
Martin Burtscher ◽  
Martin Kopp
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Sedentary Control ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Activity Group ◽  
Physical Activity Group ◽  
Active Sport

Physical activity is a promising intervention to restore cognitive function after prolonged sedentary periods. However, little is known about the effect of short physical activity bouts on cognition especially among individuals that are used to physical activity. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to assess the impact of a single ten-minute physical activity bout on the cognitive domain of visual attention compared to sedentary behavior in a population of physically active sport students. Using a randomized controlled design, 51 healthy and physically active sport students [mean age: 22.3 (SD: 2.0) years, 33.3% female] were allocated to one of the following interventions in the break of a two-hour study course: physical activity group (running for ten minutes) and sedentary control group. Visual attention was measured post-intervention using a modified trail making test. Pre-, post-, and 30 min after intervention, perceived attention, and affective states were measured. Between-group comparisons were used to analyze whether visual attention and/or changes in perceived attention or affective states differed between groups. The physical activity group showed significantly higher visual attention post-intervention compared with the sedentary control group, p = 0.003, d = 0.89. Perceived attention, p = 0.006, d = 0.87, and arousal, p < 0.001, d = 1.68, showed a significantly larger pre- and post-intervention increase in the physical activity group compared with the sedentary control group, which was not evident 30 min after intervention. A single ten-minute running intervention in study breaks might help to restore the basal visual attentional domain of cognition after prolonged sedentary periods more effectively compared with common sedentary behavior in breaks between study lessons.

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