scholarly journals Plant demographic knowledge is biased towards short-term studies of temperate-region herbaceous perennials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gesa Römer ◽  
Johan P Dahlgren ◽  
Roberto Salguero-Gómez ◽  
Iain M Stott ◽  
Owen R Jones
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Life History Evolution ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Matrix Population Models ◽  
Plant Population Dynamics ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Demographic Patterns

Plant population dynamics research has a long history, and data collection rates have increased through time. The inclusion of this information in databases enables researchers to investigate the drivers of demographic patterns globally and study life history evolution. Studies aiming to generalise demographic patterns rely on data being derived from a representative sample of populations. However, the data are likely to be biased, both in terms of the species and ecoregions investigated and in how the original studies were conducted. Matrix population models (MPMs) are a widely-used tool in plant demography, so an assessment of publications that have used MPMs is a convenient way to assess the distribution of plant demographic knowledge. We assessed bias in this knowledge using data from the COMPADRE Plant Matrix Database, which contains MPMs for almost 800 plant species. We show that tree species and tropical ecoregions are under-represented, while herbaceous perennials and temperate ecoregions are over-represented. In addition, there is a positive association between the number of studies per country and the wealth of the country. Furthermore, we found a strong tendency towards low spatiotemporal replication: More than 50% of the studies were conducted over fewer than 4 years, and only 17% of the studies have replication across >3 sites. This limited spatiotemporal coverage means that the data may not be representative of the environmental conditions experienced by the species. Synthesis: The biases and knowledge gaps we identify are a challenge for the progress of theory and limit the usefulness of current data for determining patterns that would be useful for conservation decisions, such as determining general responses to climate change. We urge researchers to close these knowledge gaps with novel data collection.

PROSES KOMUNIKASI KELOMPOK DALAM METODE PEMBELAJARAN SENTRA UNTUK MEMBENTUK KEMANDIRIAN ANAK

Jurnal Common ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rismawaty Rismawaty ◽  
Sofie Aulia Rahmah
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Group Communication ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Online Data ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Using Data

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui proses komunikasi kelompok dalam metode pembelajaran sentra di TK Zaid bin Tsabit. Penelitian ini mendiskusikan tentang proses komunikasi kelompok. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Metode Kualitatif dengan pendekatan Deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan peneliti ada dengan studi pustaka, penelusuran data secara online, wawancara, observasi serta dokumentasi dengan 3 orang informan kunci yaitu guru di TK Zaid bin Tsabit serta 3 informan pendukung yaitu Kepala TK Zaid bin Tsabit dan 2 orang tua murid. Uji keabsahan data dengan peningkatan ketekunan, triangulasi dan diskusi dengan teman sejawat, teknik analisis data menggunakan pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, penarikan kesimpulan dan evaluasi.Hasil penelitian ini bahwa Proses komunikasi yang terjadi merupakan komunikasi langsung yang terjadi dua arah dan dilakukan terus menerus untuk membentuk kemandirian anak. Proses komunikasi yang terjadi dalam kelompok metode pembelajaran sentra membentuk kemandirian anak. Proses komunikasi yang dilakukan oleh guru kepada anak dilakukan dengan memberikan arahan-arahan kepada anak serta contoh dari arahan yang telah disampaikan oleh guru.Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini adalah metode pembelajaran sentra membentuk kemandirian anak lewat komunikasi yang dilakukan guru secara terus menerus, karna melalui pembelajaran sentra anak diminta untuk melakukan segala sesuatunya sendiri dalam pengawasan guru. Saran yang diberikan adalah guru harus lebih kreatif dalam memberikan materi pada metode pembelajaran sentra serta bersikap lebih tegas dalam mendidik anak dan melakukan komunikasi yang berkelanjutan dengan orang tua murid. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This study was conducted to determine the process of group communication in the center learning method at TK Zaid bin Tsabit. This study discusses the process of group communication. The research method used in this study is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The data collection techniques carried out by the researcher were with literature studies, online data searches, interviews, observation and documentation with 3 key informants namely the teacher at TK Zaid bin Tsabit and 3 supporting informants namely TK Head Zaid bin Tsabit and 2 parents. Test the validity of data by increasing perseverance, triangulation and discussion with colleagues, data analysis techniques using data collection, data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions and evaluations.The results of this study that the communication process that occurs is direct communication that occurs in two directions and carried out continuously to form the independence of children. The communication process that occurs in a group of central learning methods shapes children's independence. The process of communication carried out by the teacher to the child is done by giving directions to the child as well as examples of directions that have been delivered by the teacher.The conclusion of this study is that the central learning method shapes children's independence through continuous communication by the teacher, because through central learning children are asked to do everything themselves in the supervision of the teacher. The advice given is that the teacher must be more creative in giving material to the central learning method and be more assertive in educating children and making ongoing communication with parents.

Implementasi Kebijakan “Segregasi” Kelas Berbasis Gender Di SMP Islam Al-Maarif 01 Singosari

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadzifatul Mu’tamaroh ◽  
Yuni Pantiwati
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Gender Segregation ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Guidance Teacher

Abstract: Gender issues must be resolved immediately. The study aims to describe: 1) Implementation of gender-based class segregation policies; 2) Inhibiting factors and solutions in implementing gender-based class segregation policies and school efforts in overcoming the problems faced in implementing gender-based class segregation policies. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative. This research was carried out at Islamic junior high school Maarif 01 Singosari. Data collection techniques are interviews, observation, and documentation. The analysis phase used is data collection, data reduction, data presentation, conclusion drawing. To check the validity of the data using data and source triangulation. The results showed that 1) The implementation of the gender-based class segregation policy process of its implementation was carried out by separating classes between male and female classes, from grades VII, VII and X but in one building, one organization and supported by the implementation of orderly. 2) Barriers and solutions faced by schools in carrying out policies are: attitudes of male students disagree with the existence of policies that have an impact on the class structure when learning hours are less conducive. The solution that is done by the school, by providing approaches and direction to students, and every teacher and especially the counseling guidance teacher and subject teachers must know all the problems that often occur to Al Maarif SMPI students to be evaluated on an ongoing basis.Keywords: Gender, Segregation, Policy Implementation Abstrak: Permasalahan mengenai gender harus segara dituntaskan.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan: 1) Implementasi kebijakan segregasi kelas berbasis gender; 2) Faktor penghambatdan solusi dalam implementasi kebijakan segregasi kelas berbasis gender dan upaya sekolah dalam mengatasi masalah yang dihadapi dalam implementasi kebijakan segregasi kelas berbasis gender. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMPIslamAl Maarif 01 Singosari. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu Wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Tahapan analisis yang digunakan yaitu pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, penarikan kesimpulan. Untuk mengecek keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi data dan sumber. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) Implementasi kebijakan segregasi kelas berbasis gender proses penerapannya dilakukan dengan cara pemisahan kelas antara kelas laki-laki dan kelas perempuan, mulai dari kelas VII, VII dan X akan tetapi dalam satu gedung, satu organisasi dan didukung dengan diterapkannya tata tertib. 2) Kendala dan solusi yang dihadapi sekolah dalam menjalankan kebijakan yaitu: sikap siswa putra kurang setuju adanya kebijakan hal tersebut berdampak pada suasana kelas pada saat jam pembelajaran kurang kondusif. Solusi yang dilakukan sekolah, dengan memberikan pendekatan dan arahan terhadap siswa, dan setiap guru dan khususnya guru BK dan guru mata pelajaran harus mengetahui segala problem yang sering terjadi pada siswa Islamic junior high schoolAl Maarif untuk dievaluasi secara berkelanjutan.Kata kunci: Segregasi, Gender, Implementasi Kebijakan

CEO and CFO Equity Incentives and the Pricing of Audit Services

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Anthony Billings ◽  
Xinghua Gao ◽  
Yonghong Jia
Keyword(s):  
Positive Association ◽  
Audit Fees ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Audit Risk ◽  
Pricing Decisions ◽  
Equity Incentives ◽  
Accounting Scandals ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Distinctive Role

SUMMARY: The alleged perverse role of managerial incentives in accounting scandals, and the distinctive role of auditors in identifying and intervening in attempted earnings manipulation, highlight the importance of explicitly considering executive incentive plans by auditors in the auditing process. By empirically testing auditors' responses to CEO/CFO equity incentives in planning and pricing decisions using data from 2002 through 2009, we document compelling evidence that CFO equity incentives are positively associated with audit fees and CEO equity incentives are not statistically related to audit fees, suggesting that auditors perceive heightened audit risk associated with CFO equity incentives. Our further analyses reveal that the positive association between CFO equity incentives and audit fees is more pronounced in firms with weak internal controls, indicating heightened risk associated with CFO equity incentives in this setting perceived by auditors. JEL Classifications: G30, G34, M42, M52.

Neighborhood Engagement, Dogs, and Life Satisfaction in Older Adulthood

2020 ◽  
pp. 073346482095372
Author(s):  
Angela L. Curl ◽  
Jessica Bibbo ◽  
Rebecca A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Older Adulthood ◽  
Dog Walking ◽  
Dog Ownership ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Indirect Relationship ◽  
Analysis Models ◽  
Retirement Study

Objectives This study examined the relationships between dog ownership, dog walking, and the emotional bond with a dog to neighborhood engagement and life satisfaction among those over age 50. Method Using data from the Health and Retirement Study ( N = 476), two path analysis models were conducted to test the research hypotheses. Results Findings indicated that dog ownership did not have a direct or indirect relationship on life satisfaction. However, time spent in dog walking was associated with frequency of social interactions, which itself had a positive association with life satisfaction. The bond with a dog was not directly associated with life satisfaction but was associated with dog walking. Discussion Dog walking is a promising strategy for simultaneously promoting better health and social engagement, and these factors in turn can promote greater life satisfaction of older adults.

Integration of statistical and administrative agricultural data from Namibia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Emily Berg ◽  
Johgho Im ◽  
Zhengyuan Zhu ◽  
Colin Lewis-Beck ◽  
Jie Li
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Extension Programs ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Administrative Agencies ◽  
Crop Area ◽  
Using Data

Statistical and administrative agencies often collect information on related parameters. Discrepancies between estimates from distinct data sources can arise due to differences in definitions, reference periods, and data collection protocols. Integrating statistical data with administrative data is appealing for saving data collection costs, reducing respondent burden, and improving the coherence of estimates produced by statistical and administrative agencies. Model based techniques, such as small area estimation and measurement error models, for combining multiple data sources have benefits of transparency, reproducibility, and the ability to provide an estimated uncertainty. Issues associated with integrating statistical data with administrative data are discussed in the context of data from Namibia. The national statistical agency in Namibia produces estimates of crop area using data from probability samples. Simultaneously, the Namibia Ministry of Agriculture, Water, and Forestry obtains crop area estimates through extension programs. We illustrate the use of a structural measurement error model for the purpose of synthesizing the administrative and survey data to form a unified estimate of crop area. Limitations on the available data preclude us from conducting a genuine, thorough application. Nonetheless, our illustration of methodology holds potential use for a general practitioner.

ADAB PEMBELAJARAN AL-QURAN: STUDI KITAB AT-TIBYAN FI ADABI HAMALATIL QURAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Ismail Ismail ◽  
Abdulloh Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Face ◽  
Using Data

This research is an attempt to know the courtesy reading the Quran in the book of At-Tibyan fi Adabi Hamalatil Quran by Imam Nawawi. The question that is to be answered through this study is (1) how the courtesy to read Al-Quran in the book At-Tibyan, (2) How does the relevance of courtesy to read the Qur'an in the book of At-Tibyan in contemporary times? The research methods use library research. This study is conducted using data collection techniques by conducting observations on certain sources, seeking, studying books, articles, journals, theses or others related to this study. Data collection is divided into two sources, namely primary and secondary data. Then the data are analyzed using descriptive and contextual methods. The results show that courtesy reading the Quran in the book of At-Tibyan fi Adabi Hamalatil Quran includes: Solemn, sincere, ethical, clean and holy State, facing the Qibla, start with Ta'awudz. While the relevance of courtesy reading the Quran in the book of At-Tibyan fi Adabi Hamalatil Quran with the context of contemporary can be a solution in improving the manners of interacting with the Quran, especially in the face of today's characteristics or contemporary.

scholarly journals Analisis Nisbah dan Angsuran Terhadap Pembiayaan Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) di BriSyariah KCP Genteng Banyuwangi

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nur Anim Jauhariyah ◽  
Ahmad Saiful Amin
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Small Business ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Using Data

This study uses a quantitative approach by determining the research sample using data collection techniques obtained from the number of respondents 24 customers. The independent variables of this study are Nisbah (X1) and Installments (X2), while the dependent variable (Y) is Financing using micro small business credit products (KUR) iB. The analysis tool uses multiple regression with the help of SPSS software.The results of the study 1) Significantly the ratio (X1) has an effect on the financing (Y) of the people's business credit (KUR) micro and small iB products; 2) Significantly the installment (X2) has no effect on the financing (Y) of the people's business credit (KUR), micro and small iB; 3) Simultaneously, the ratio (X1) and installments (X2) have a significant effect on the financing (Y) of the iB micro and small business credit (KUR) product at BRISyariah KCP Genteng, Banyuwangi Regency.

scholarly journals Ecología de las poblaciones de plantas en una selva húmeda de México

2017 ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Miguel Martínez-Ramos ◽  
Elena Álvarez-Buylla
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Life History Evolution ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Tropical Rain Forests ◽  
Field Station ◽  
Plant Life Forms ◽  
Demographic Patterns ◽  
Plant Population Ecology ◽  
Conservation And Management

This paper reviewing plant population ecology studies that have done in Mexican tropical rain forests, particularly at the Los Tuxtlas Tropical Field Station (UNAM). The review considers next topics: (i) population structure and demographic patterns, (ii) population dynamics, (iii) life-history evolution, and (iv) the importance of demography and genetics for conservation and management of tropical rain forest plant products. The studies show an important advance in the description of patterns, in the analysis of population dynamics, and in the detection of some key demographic elements that can be important for forest conservation and management. However, the understanding of causes that originate such patterns and dynamics is yet poor. The studies have focused mainly on abundant arboreal plant species; other plant life-forms and rare species have received virtually null attention. After pointing out conclusions gained from our review, we propose some perspectives for future research.

scholarly journals An examination of linkages between corporate social responsibility and firm performance: Evidence from Moroccan listed firms

2021 ◽  
pp. 636-646
Author(s):  
Souhaila Kammoun ◽  
Youssra Ben Romdhane ◽  
Sahar Loukil ◽  
Abdelmajid Ibenrissoul
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Corporate Social

This article analyzes the complexity of the linkages between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and firm performance in Morocco and to decompose this complexity through a bidirectional sense of causality. Using data surveyed from 74 Moroccan listed firms, we conduct an econometric modeling to measure this relationship bilaterally and to investigate the underlying factors behind this association. The empirical study proves the existence of a positive association between CSR and firm performance in both directions in the Moroccan context and suggests that the more social enterprises are, the more they achieve better financial results. The mutual linkage between social and financial aspects allows us to draw some managerial implications and set up further research directions.

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