scholarly journals Identifying the Factor Structure of the DSM-5 Level 1 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Gibbons ◽  
Cristan Farmer ◽  
Jacob S Shaw ◽  
Joyce Y Chung
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Calendar Time ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Research Populations

The DSM-5 Level 1 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure (DSM-XC) is a transdiagnostic mental health symptom measure that has shown promise in informing clinical diagnostic evaluations and as a screening tool for research. However, few studies have assessed the latent dimensionality of the DSM-XC or provided guidance on how to score the survey. In this report, we examined the factor structure of the DSM-XC in a sample of over 3500 participants enrolled in a protocol on the mental health impact of COVID-19 conducted through the National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program (NIMH IRP) (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04339790). We began by conducting an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to identify the best solution for our data, and then employed a confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) to evaluate the fit of the two-factor solution proposed by Lace and Merz (Lace & Merz, 2020), the fit of our proposed solution, and the measurement invariance of our proposed solution across age, sex, and calendar time. We found a six-factor solution stemming from our EFAs to best fit our data. Each factor captures symptoms related to a specific construct of psychopathology: mood, worry, activation, somatic, confusion, and substance use. Future research should evaluate this six-factor structure using additional datasets to confirm its consistency across research populations and settings.

scholarly journals Psychiatric Symptomatology in Medical Students in Lebanon: What about us?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Chabbouh ◽  
Carmen Al Haddad ◽  
Grace El Bejjani ◽  
Vanessa Daou ◽  
Michele Chahoud
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Private University ◽  
Additional Stress ◽  
Psychiatric Symptomatology ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Being Bullied ◽  
Level 1

Medical students are an at-risk population to develop mental health disorders, especially students in Lebanon who are facing constant additional stress due to the volatile situation in the country. The present study used the APA’s DSM-5 Self-Rated Level 1 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure – Adult to screen for psychiatric symptoms in 12 different domains. Out of the sample of 364 students from all universities in Lebanon, only 5.2% had already a psychiatric diagnosis. Of the non-diagnosed subpopulation, a massive percentage of 92.75% screened positive and subsequently, were in need of further mental health evaluation. Roughly half of the participants described the existence of barriers for them to seek mental health services, finances and stigma being major reasons. Predictors of a more severe screen were being from a private university and previously being bullied. The situation in medical schools in Lebanon is profoundly alarming. Shouldn’t the health of future healthcare providers be a priority?

scholarly journals Perinatal depression screening using smartphone technology: Exploring uptake, engagement and future directions for the MGH Perinatal Depression Scale (MGHPDS)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257065
Author(s):  
Rachel Vanderkruik ◽  
Edwin Raffi ◽  
Marlene P. Freeman ◽  
Rebecca Wales ◽  
Lee Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Perinatal Depression ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Longitudinal Data Collection

Women may experience new-onset or worsening depressive disorders during pregnancy and the postpartum. If untreated, there may be detrimental consequences to the health and wellbeing of the woman and to her baby. There is a need for improved tools and approaches that can be easily and broadly implemented to effectively detect depression during the perinatal period. Early identification of depression during pregnancy is an important first step towards connecting women to treatment and preventing continued depression into the postpartum or beyond. This report provides preliminary findings from a pilot study of a digital screening app for perinatal depression expiring potential for app reach, engagement, and user demographics and mental health symptoms. With mainly passive recruitment efforts, we collected cross-sectional mental health data on over 700 women during the perinatal period, including women across over 30 countries. We report on mean depression scores among women during pregnancy and the postpartum as well as on constructs that are commonly comorbid with depression, including anxiety, sleep dysregulation, and perceived stress. Over half of the women during pregnancy and over 70% of women in the postpartum had a depression score indicative of clinical depression. Future research directions for this work and potential for public health impact are discussed, including longitudinal data collection and analyses of symptomology over time and embedding evidence-based digital therapeutics into the app as a means to increase access to mental health services.

scholarly journals ADHD in DSM-5: a field trial in a large, representative sample of 18- to 19-year-old adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Matte ◽  
L. Anselmi ◽  
G. A. Salum ◽  
C. Kieling ◽  
H. Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Clinical Impairment ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Best Fit

BackgroundThe DSM criteria for adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have not been tested in American Psychiatric Association (APA) field trials for either DSM-IV or DSM-5. This study aimed to assess: (a) the prevalence of ADHD according to DSM-5 criteria; (b) the factor solution that provides the best fit for ADHD symptoms; (c) the symptoms with the highest predictive value for clinical impairment; and (d) the best symptomatic threshold for each ADHD dimension (inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity).MethodTrained psychologists evaluated 4000 young adults from the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study with an instrument covering all DSM-5 ADHD criteria. A series of confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) tested the best factor structure. Complex logistic regressions assessed differential contributions of each symptom to clinical impairment. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analyses tested which would be the best symptomatic cut-off in the number of symptoms for predicting impairment.ResultsThe prevalence of DSM-5 ADHD was 3.55% [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.98–4.12]. The estimated prevalence of DSM-IV ADHD was 2.8%. CFA revealed that a bifactor model with a single general factor and two specific factors provided the best fit for DSM-5 symptoms. Inattentive symptoms continued to be the most important predictors of impairment in adults. The best cut-offs were five symptoms of inattention and four symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity.ConclusionsOur results, combined with previous findings, suggest a 27% increase in the expected prevalence of ADHD among young adults, comparing DSM-IV to DSM-5 criteria. The DSM-5 symptomatic organization derived a similar factor structure for adults as DSM-IV symptoms. Data using DSM-5 criteria support lowering the symptomatic threshold for diagnosing ADHD in adults.

scholarly journals College student mental health: An evaluation of the DSM–5 self-rated Level 1 cross-cutting symptom measure.

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1382-1389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian J. Bravo ◽  
◽  
Margo C. Villarosa-Hurlocker ◽  
Matthew R. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
College Student ◽  
Student Mental Health ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
College Student Mental Health ◽  
Level 1

How Our Technology Use Changed in 2020: Perspectives from Three Youth (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babayosimi Fadiran ◽  
Jessica Lee ◽  
Jared Lemminger ◽  
Anna Jolliff
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Scientific Value ◽  
The Way

UNSTRUCTURED The coronavirus pandemic may have changed the way American adolescents perceive and interact with technology. This commentary recounts the diverse perspectives of three youth, all of whom observed an interplay between their technology use and mental health as a result of COVID-19. In the present article, we hear from Jared, who compares the mental health impact of in-person schooling versus remote instruction. We hear from Jessica, who has refined a technology-based strategy for emotionally supporting her friend at a distance. And we hear from Babayosimi, who used technology to challenge himself and support creative interaction during quarantine. These lived experiences have scientific value insofar as they can inform future research questions, and practical value in that they represent key learnings on pro-wellness technology use from the most technologically savvy generation.

Contribution for the Portuguese validation of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21): Comparison between dimensional models in a sample of students

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S416-S416 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Xavier ◽  
M. João Martins ◽  
A.T. Pereira ◽  
A. Paula Amaral ◽  
M. João Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
College Education ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Depression Subscale ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionThe Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales are widely used in clinical and non-clinical populations, both in research and clinical settings. The need for briefer but valid and reliable instruments has motivated the reduction of the original 42-item scale to a short 21-version. On Portuguese samples, Pais-Ribeiro et al. (2004) found that the original 3-factor solution (stress, anxiety and depression) explained 50.35% of the variance and in an exploratory analysis; Xavier et al. (2015) presented a two factor solution and a modified three-factor solution with a sample of pregnant women, both with adequate factors’ reliability (< 0.70) and explaining above 50% of the variance.AimsBased on the previous results of factor analysis with Portuguese samples, the present study aimed to perform confirmatory factor analyses (using Mplus software) to evaluate which dimensional structure best fitted the data.MethodsThe sample comprised 234 students (78.2% female), between 18–26 years old (M = 20.55; SD = 1.66). Eighty-five percent of the participants were on their first three years of college education. Participants filled the Portuguese version of the DASS-21.ResultsOur results showed that the original 3-factor structure had the best model fit [χ2(186) = 475.465, P < 0.05; RMSEA = 0.082, 90% CI = 0.073–0.091; CFI = 0.918; TLI = 0.908; SRMR = 0.05]. Good reliability was found for all subscales (0.92 for stress, 0.87 for anxiety and 0.91 for depression subscale).ConclusionsThe DASS-21 is a reliable instrument that, with student populations, seems to have better performance when used with a 3-factor structure. Further research is needed to confirm this structure in Portuguese clinical samples.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Black Americans demonstrate comparatively low levels of depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253654
Author(s):  
Victoria Owens ◽  
Htay-Wah Saw
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Black Americans ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Racial Inequalities ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Introduction During public health crises like the COVID-19 pandemic, populations can experience worsening mental health. Prior reports have suggested that Black Americans experienced lower rates of anxiety and depression than White Americans before the pandemic; however, during the pandemic, outcomes may be different as Black Americans have been disproportionately affected in terms of mortality, hospitalization, COVID-19 infection, and job loss. We documented the differential mental health impact of COVID-19 on Black and Non-Black Americans. Methods We analyzed nationally representative longitudinal data from the Understanding America Study COVID-19 Tracking Survey spanning March through November of 2020 to assess differences over time in prevalence of anxiety and depression between Black and non-Black Americans. Results We found that Black Americans were significantly less likely to report symptoms for anxiety, depression, or both during the pandemic. In a given month between March through November of 2020, the odds of Black Americans reporting such symptoms was on average about half that of Non-Black Americans. We also found that in September 2020, the gap in reporting symptoms for depression began to widen gradually. Specifically, since that time, prevalence of depression remained stable among non-Black Americans while it declined gradually among Black Americans. Our main results were robust to adjusting for demographics, risk perceptions, and baseline pre-pandemic mental health status. Conclusions Black Americans maintained significantly better mental health than Non-Black Americans despite their struggle against economic, health, and racial inequalities during the pandemic. We discuss the significance and implications of our results and identify opportunities for future research.

scholarly journals Nature Interest Scale – Development and Evaluation of a Measurement Instrument for Individual Interest in Nature

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Winfried Kleespies ◽  
Lena Doderer ◽  
Paul Wilhelm Dierkes ◽  
Volker Wenzel
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Individual Interest ◽  
Students With Learning Disabilities ◽  
Reliable Measurement ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses

Interest is an important factor for successful learning that has been the subject of intensive research for decades. Although interest in nature is of great importance for environmental education, to date there is no valid and reliable measurement tool. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop and test a scale for interest in nature, the Nature Interest Scale (NIS). In study 1, nine items were selected based on the three dimensions of the psychological interest construct to represent interest in nature. The factor structure of this new measurement instrument, was tested using confirmatory factor analyses. The results show that the instrument represents the three dimensions of the interest construct well. In study 2 the validity (discriminant and convergent validity) as well as the reliability (internal consistency, composite reliability, test-retest reliability) of the NIS were demonstrated. In study 3, the applicability of the NIS was tested with a different target group, students with learning disabilities. The results of this factor analysis also confirm the factor structure of the scale. Thus, this study provides a valid and reliable measurement tool for individual interest in nature that can be used for future research.

scholarly journals EXPLORING INFLUENCES ON MENTAL HEALTH AFTER INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy Carter-Snell ◽  
Sonya L. Jakubec
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Depth Analysis

Women who have experienced intimate partner violence or sexual assault are well known to have extremely high rates of mental illness such as post-traumatic stress disorder and depression, as well as high rates of chronic illness, re-victimization, and suicide. The purpose of this in-depth analysis of the literature was to determine the relative impact of selected risk and resilience factors and the quality of existing evidence. The analysis of risk and resiliency pertaining to mental health impacts was guided by a social-ecological model, examining individual, relationship, community, and societal influences. An improved understanding of these factors and the quality of evidence underlying them can inform future research and interventions aimed at preventing or reducing the mental health impact of these crimes, and point to a direction for more inclusive examinations of the literature.

The Cognitive Map of Occupations: Factor Structure in a Spanish Sample

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Teresa Muñoz Sastre ◽  
Etienne Mullet ◽  
Christèle Semin
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Cognitive Map ◽  
Factorial Structure ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Correlated Factors ◽  
Three Factor

Summary: The present work was aimed at assessing the factorial structure of Gottfredson's (1981) cognitive map of occupations. Participants, 500 Spanish pupils aged 14 years, were presented 129 occupations derived from Shinar's (1975) questionnaire, and asked to rate each occupation on one of 10 different scales derived from Gottfredson 's work: femininity, masculinity, prestige, income, realistic, research, artistic, social, entrepreneurial, and conventional. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted on the 129 × 10 matrix of means. The best solution was found to be a three-factor solution, with an independent social status factor and two correlated factors: gender and creativity.

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