scholarly journals Psychosis-like experiences and cognition in young adults: an observational and Mendelian randomisation study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Skirrow ◽  
Steph Suddell ◽  
Liam Mahedy ◽  
Ian S Penton-Voak ◽  
Marcus Munafo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Facial Emotion Recognition ◽  
Facial Emotion ◽  
Mendelian Randomisation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prospective Analyses

Background: Psychosis-like experiences (PLEs) are common and associated with mental health problems and poorer cognitive function. There is limited longitudinal research examining associations between cognition and PLEs in early adulthood. Aims: We investigated the association of PLEs with different domains of cognitive function, using cross-sectional and longitudinal observational, and Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses. Method: Participants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) completed tasks of working memory at age 18 and 24, and tasks of response inhibition and facial emotion recognition at age 24. Semi-structured interviews at age 18 and 24 established presence of PLEs (none vs. suspected/definite). Cross-sectional and prospective regression analysis tested associations between PLEs and cognition (N=3,087 imputed sample). MR examined causal pathways between schizophrenia liability and cognition. Results: The fully adjusted models indicated that PLEs were associated with poorer working memory performance (cross-sectional analyses: b=-0.18, 95% CI -0.27 to -0.08, p<0.001; prospective analyses: b=-0.18, 95% CI -0.31 to -0.06, p<0.01). A similar pattern of results was found for PLEs and response inhibition (cross-sectional analyses: b=7.29, 95% CI 0.96 to 13.62, p=0.02; prospective analyses: b=10.29, 95% CI 1.78 to 18.97, p=0.02). We did not find evidence to suggest an association between PLEs and facial emotion recognition. MR analyses were underpowered and did not support observational results. Conclusions: In young adults, PLEs are associated with poorer concurrent and future working memory and response inhibition. Better powered genetically informed studies are needed to determine if these associations are causal.

Oxytocin improves facial emotion recognition in young adults with antisocial personality disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 158-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Timmermann ◽  
Haang Jeung ◽  
Ruth Schmitt ◽  
Sabrina Boll ◽  
Christine M. Freitag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Facial Emotion Recognition ◽  
Facial Emotion ◽  
Antisocial Personality

scholarly journals Facial emotion recognition in adolescents with psychotic-like experiences: a school-based sample from the general population

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 2157-2166 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Roddy ◽  
L. Tiedt ◽  
I. Kelleher ◽  
M. C. Clarke ◽  
J. Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Facial Emotion Recognition ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Facial Emotion ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Based ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundPsychotic symptoms, also termed psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) in the absence of psychotic disorder, are common in adolescents and are associated with increased risk of schizophrenia-spectrum illness in adulthood. At the same time, schizophrenia is associated with deficits in social cognition, with deficits particularly documented in facial emotion recognition (FER). However, little is known about the relationship between PLEs and FER abilities, with only one previous prospective study examining the association between these abilities in childhood and reported PLEs in adolescence. The current study was a cross-sectional investigation of the association between PLEs and FER in a sample of Irish adolescents.MethodThe Adolescent Psychotic-Like Symptom Screener (APSS), a self-report measure of PLEs, and the Penn Emotion Recognition-40 Test (Penn ER-40), a measure of facial emotion recognition, were completed by 793 children aged 10–13 years.ResultsChildren who reported PLEs performed significantly more poorly on FER (β=−0.03, p=0.035). Recognition of sad faces was the major driver of effects, with children performing particularly poorly when identifying this expression (β=−0.08, p=0.032).ConclusionsThe current findings show that PLEs are associated with poorer FER. Further work is needed to elucidate causal relationships with implications for the design of future interventions for those at risk of developing psychosis.

scholarly journals Facial emotion recognition and its association with symptom severity, functionality, and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: preliminary results

Salud Mental ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Johanna Vanessa Suárez-Salazar ◽  
Ana Fresán-Orellana ◽  
Ricardo Arturo Saracco-Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Facial Emotion Recognition ◽  
Facial Emotion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Preliminary Results

Introduction. There is evidence to suggest that individuals with schizophrenia have greater difficulty in recognizing facial emotions, which has been related to cognitive impairment and higher symptom severity in this disease and seems to lead to a worse functional prognosis. Objective. To determine the association between facial emotion recognition and symptom severity, functionality, and cognitive impairment in a sample of schizophrenic patients. Method. This is an observational, cross-sectional, and correlational study conducted on 72 patients. The following scales: PANSS, MOCA, ERI, and FACT-Sz were used to assess symptom severity in schizophrenia, cognitive functioning, facial emotion recognition, and functionality, respectively. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient was used to measure the linear association between all variables. Results. Overall, moderate symptom severity and mild cognitive and functional disability were found. The most frequently recognized emotion was joy (70%) and the least frequently recognized one was anger. A positive association was also found between anger recognition and severity of the PANSS cognitive subscale (r = - .24, p = .03), sadness recognition and severity of the PANSS negative subscale (r = - .24, p = .03), and the FACT-Sz score and fear recognition (r = .31, p = .008). Discussion and conclusion. The present study yields preliminary results that provide a broader perspective on facial emotion recognition and, indirectly, social interaction and functionality in people with schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Facial emotion recognition ability: psychiatry nurses versus nurses from other departments

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Gozde Gultekin ◽  
Zeliha Kincir ◽  
Merve Kurt ◽  
Yasir Catal ◽  
Asli Acil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Basic Element ◽  
Facial Emotion Recognition ◽  
Facial Emotion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Emotional Cues ◽  
Recognition Ability ◽  
Emotion Recognition Ability ◽  
Accuracy Rates

Purpose: Facial emotion recognition is a basic element in non-verbal communication. Although some researchers have shown that recognizing facial expressions may be important in the interaction between doctors and patients, there are no studies concerning facial emotion recognition in nurses. Here, we aimed to investigate facial emotion recognition ability in nurses and compare the abilities between nurses from psychiatry and other departments. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, sixty seven nurses were divided into two groups according to their departments: psychiatry (n=31); and, other departments (n=36). A Facial Emotion Recognition Test, constructed from a set of photographs from Ekman and Friesen's book “Pictures of Facial Affect”, was administered to all participants. Results: In whole group, the highest mean accuracy rate of recognizing facial emotion was the happy (99.14%) while the lowest accurately recognized facial expression was fear (47.71%). There were no significant differences between two groups among mean accuracy rates in recognizing happy, sad, fear, angry, surprised facial emotion expressions (for all, p>0.05). The ability of recognizing disgusted and neutral facial emotions tended to be better in other nurses than psychiatry nurses (p=0.052 and p=0.053, respectively) Conclusion: This study was the first that revealed indifference in the ability of FER between psychiatry nurses and non-psychiatry nurses. In medical education curricula throughout the world, no specific training program is scheduled for recognizing emotional cues of patients. We considered that improving the ability of recognizing facial emotion expression in medical stuff might be beneficial in reducing inappropriate patient-medical stuff interaction.

scholarly journals Facial Emotion Recognition in Children and Adolescents with Specific Learning Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
Francesca Felicia Operto ◽  
Grazia Maria Giovanna Pastorino ◽  
Maria Stellato ◽  
Lucia Morcaldi ◽  
Luigi Vetri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Learning Disorders ◽  
Facial Emotion Recognition ◽  
Facial Emotion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Specific Learning Disorder ◽  
Specific Learning

Background: Some recent studies suggest that children and adolescents with different neurodevelopmental disorders perform worse in emotions recognition through facial expressions (ER) compared with typically developing peers. This impairment is also described in children with Specific Learning Disorders (SLD), compromising their scholastic achievement, social functioning, and quality of life. The purpose of our study is to evaluate ER skills in children and adolescents with SLD compared to a control group without learning disorders, and correlate them with intelligence and executive functions. Materials and Methods: Our work is a cross-sectional observational study. Sixty-three children and adolescents aged between 8 and 16 years, diagnosed with SLD, and 32 sex/age-matched controls without learning disorders were recruited. All participants were administered standardized neuropsychological tests, evaluating facial emotion recognition (NEPSY-II), executive functions (EpiTrack Junior), and intelligence profile (WISC-IV). Results: Emotion recognition mean score was significantly lower in the SLD group than in the controls group on the Mann–Whitney U test for unpaired samples (p < 0.001). The SLD group performed significantly lower than the control group in their abilities to identify neutral expressions, happiness, sadness, anger, and fear compared to controls (p < 0.001). ER scores were positively correlated to the executive functions scores. There was no correlation with the Total Intelligence Quotient scores but there is a significant positive correlation with Working Memory Index and Processing Speed Index measured by WISC.IV. Conclusion: Our study showed that children and adolescents with Specific Learning Disorders have facial emotion recognition impairment when compared with a group of peers without learning disorders. ER abilities were independent of their global intelligence but potentially related to executive functions.

scholarly journals Alcohol use and cognitive functioning in young adults: improving causal inference

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam Mahedy ◽  
Steph Suddell ◽  
Caroline Skirrow ◽  
Gwen S. Fernandes ◽  
Matt Field ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Memory Response ◽  
Genome Wide

AbstractBackground and AimsThere have been few longitudinal studies of association between alcohol use and cognitive functioning in young people. We aimed to examine whether alcohol use is a causal risk factor for deficient cognitive functioning in young adults.DesignLinear regression was used to examine the relationship between longitudinal latent class patterns of binge drinking and subsequent cognitive functioning. Two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) tested evidence for the causal relationship between alcohol use and cognitive functioning.SettingSouth West England.ParticipantsThe observational study included 3,155 adolescents and their parents (fully adjusted models) from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Genetic instruments for alcohol use were based on almost 1,000,000 individuals from the GWAS & Sequencing Consortium of Alcohol and Nicotine use (GSCAN). Genome-wide association studies for cognitive outcomes were based on 2,500 individuals from ALSPAC.MeasurementsBinge drinking was assessed at approximately 16, 17, 18, 21, and 23 years. Cognitive functioning comprised working memory, response inhibition, and emotion recognition assessed at 24 years of age. Ninety-nine independent genome-wide significant SNPs associated with ‘number of drinks per week’ were used as the genetic instrument for alcohol consumption. Potential confounders were included in the observational analyses.FindingsFour binge drinking classes were identified: ‘low-risk’ (41%), ‘early-onset monthly’ (19%), ‘adult frequent’ (23%), and ‘early-onset frequent’ (17%). The association between early-onset frequent binge drinking and cognitive functioning: working memory (b=0.09, 95%CI=-0.10 to 0.28), response inhibition (b=0.70, 95%CI=-10.55 to 11.95), and emotion recognition (b=0.01, 95%CI=-0.01 to 0.02) in comparison to low-risk drinkers were inconclusive as to whether a difference was present. Two-sample MR analyses similarly provided little evidence that alcohol use is associated with deficits in working memory using the inverse variance weight (b=0.29, 95%CI=-0.42 to 0.99), response inhibition (b=-0.32, 95%CI=-1.04 to 0.39), and emotion recognition (b=0.03, 95%CI=-0.55 to 0.61).ConclusionsBinge drinking in adolescence and early adulthood may not be causally related to deficiencies in working memory, response inhibition, or emotion recognition in youths.

Beeinträchtigtes Erkennen emotionaler Gesichtsausdrücke durch psychiatrische Patientinnen bei Alexithymie

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Dittrich ◽  
Gregor Domes ◽  
Susi Loebel ◽  
Christoph Berger ◽  
Carsten Spitzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Facial Emotion Recognition ◽  
Facial Emotion ◽  
Check List ◽  
Psychosomatische Erkrankungen ◽  
Psychiatrische Patienten ◽  
Symptom Check List ◽  
Tas 20

Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die Hypothese eines mit Alexithymie assoziierten Defizits beim Erkennen emotionaler Gesichtsaudrücke an einer klinischen Population. Darüber hinaus werden Hypothesen zur Bedeutung spezifischer Emotionsqualitäten sowie zu Gender-Unterschieden getestet. 68 ambulante und stationäre psychiatrische Patienten (44 Frauen und 24 Männer) wurden mit der Toronto-Alexithymie-Skala (TAS-20), der Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Scale (MADRS), der Symptom-Check-List (SCL-90-R) und der Emotional Expression Multimorph Task (EEMT) untersucht. Als Stimuli des Gesichtererkennungsparadigmas dienten Gesichtsausdrücke von Basisemotionen nach Ekman und Friesen, die zu Sequenzen mit sich graduell steigernder Ausdrucksstärke angeordnet waren. Mittels multipler Regressionsanalyse untersuchten wir die Assoziation von TAS-20 Punktzahl und facial emotion recognition (FER). Während sich für die Gesamtstichprobe und den männlichen Stichprobenteil kein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen TAS-20-Punktzahl und FER zeigte, sahen wir im weiblichen Stichprobenteil durch die TAS-20 Punktzahl eine signifikante Prädiktion der Gesamtfehlerzahl (β = .38, t = 2.055, p < 0.05) und den Fehlern im Erkennen der Emotionen Wut und Ekel (Wut: β = .40, t = 2.240, p < 0.05, Ekel: β = .41, t = 2.214, p < 0.05). Für wütende Gesichter betrug die Varianzaufklärung durch die TAS-20-Punktzahl 13.3 %, für angeekelte Gesichter 19.7 %. Kein Zusammenhang bestand zwischen der Zeit, nach der die Probanden die emotionalen Sequenzen stoppten, um ihre Bewertung abzugeben (Antwortlatenz) und Alexithymie. Die Ergebnisse der Arbeit unterstützen das Vorliegen eines mit Alexithymie assoziierten Defizits im Erkennen emotionaler Gesichtsausdrücke bei weiblchen Probanden in einer heterogenen, klinischen Stichprobe. Dieses Defizit könnte die Schwierigkeiten Hochalexithymer im Bereich sozialer Interaktionen zumindest teilweise begründen und so eine Prädisposition für psychische sowie psychosomatische Erkrankungen erklären.

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