Seropositivity of HBV & HCV among the Family Members of Chronic Viral Hepatitis Patients

Introduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are the global public health challenge. Family members of the HBV and HCV infected patients have a higher risk of exposure to many blood-borne diseases including Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C viral infections as well. So the objectives of the present study was to evaluate seropositivity of HBV and HCV among family members of . chronic viral hepatitis patients. Methods: This study was conducted 80 family members of 50 patients with chronic HBV and HCV infection. After ethical clearance and written consent, 1st degree family members of those chronically infected hepatitis patients were explained about the objectives of the study and a standard questionnaire were introduced and recorded. Venous blood samples was taken from every participant with universal precautions and was tested by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for Hepatitis B surface antigen, anti HCV. Data analysis was done later by SPSS. Results: Eighty family members of 50 HBV and HCV positive cases where screened where HBV infection(45;90%) was more then HCV infection(5;90%). Male were 45(56.3%) and female were 35 (43.8%) male to male ratio 1.28:1. Total 23 (28.8%) subjects were vaccinated against HBV. One subject had history of blood transfusion and dental procedure each, extramarital sex activity was found in 2 (2.5%), and sleeping in the same room was found in 31(38.6%) subjects. History analysis revealed, 3(3.8%) were positive for HBV, 29 (36.3%) were found negative and 48(60%) were unaware of their status; again 77 (96.3%) are unaware of their anti HCV status. HBsAg and Anti HCV screening status of the relatives revealed HBsAg and anti HCV was found positive in 4 (5%) and 1 (1.3%) cases respectively. .Conclusion: Relatives of the HBV and HCV infected patients are also at risk. So they should take proper preventive measures and should be vaccinated.

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Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Virus Infection among End Stage Renal Disease Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis, Their Family Members and Dialysis Staffs - A Prevalence Study

BIRDEM Medical Journal ◽

10.3329/birdem.v8i1.35038 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 42-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rana Mokarram Hossain ◽

M Masud Iqbal ◽

Zeenat Farzana Rahman ◽

Rosy Sultana ◽

Md Habibur Rahman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽

Family Members ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hcv Infection ◽

Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽

Virus Infections ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is common among patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). This study was undertaken to observe prevalence of hepatitis B and C infection in hemodialysis patients, their family members and dialysis staffs.Methods: In this cross-sectional study 3 groups were included as gr-1 patients on MHD, the first-degree relatives in gr-2 and the dialysis staffs as gr-3. Clinical and laboratory investigations were done. Viral serology included hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody against hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) done by enzyme linked immunosorbent sorbent assay (ELISA) method.Results: Total 150 subjects were analyzed where 50 were in gr-1, 60 gr-2 and 40 in gr-3. In gr-1 MHD patients, HBV infection was positive in 12% and HCV in 71%. None of the viral markers were positive in family members and dialysis staffs. Blood transfusion (BT) was taken by 76% MHD patents. The frequency of HBV and HCV infection was of similar pattern in both BT dependent and non BT group (P=NS).When HCV positive and negative patents were (71 vs. 29%, p<0.001) compared, dialysis duration (37 ± 34 vs. 11± 6 months, p<0.001) was found higher in positive patients.Conclusion: This survey on dialysis patients showed that prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus infections was higher in Bangladeshi patients on MHD groups. Horizontal spread of these viruses is negligible in caregivers and dialysis staffs.Birdem Med J 2018; 8(1): 42-46

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Seroprevalence and Knowledge of Viral Hepatitis and HIV Among People Who Use Drugs Attending Methadone Therapy Clinic in Tanzania: A Cross-sectional Study.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-116781/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Semvua Kilonzo ◽

Daniel W. Gunda ◽

David C. Majinge ◽

Hyasinta Jaka ◽

Paulina M. Manyiri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Viral Hepatitis ◽

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽

People Who Use Drugs ◽

Infection Rates ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

B Virus

Abstract Background: Methadone therapy clinics have been recently introduced in Tanzania, aiming at reducing risk behaviors and infection rates of viral hepatitis and HIV among people who use drugs. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence, associated factors and knowledge level of these conditions among people who use drugs attending a methadone clinic in Tanzania.Methods: We enrolled 253 People who using drugs receiving Methadone therapy. Clinical data was retrospectively collected from the medical records and face-to face interviews were conducted to determine the behavioral risk factors and respondents’ knowledge on viral hepatitis and HIV.Results: An overall seroprevalence of viral hepatitis (either hepatitis B surface antigen or anti-hepatitis C virus) was 6.3%, while that of hepatitis B virus mono infection was 3.5% and anti-hepatitis C virus mono infection was 3.5%. Seroprevalence of HIV was 12.6%. Viral hepatitis was strongly predicted by advanced age (>35 years) (p=0.02) and staying at Kirumba area (p=0.004), and HIV infection was predicted by increased age (>37 years) (p=0.04) and female sex (p<0.001). Regarding the knowledge of viral hepatitis, majority of the respondents were unaware of the transmission methods and availability of hepatitis B virus vaccines and only 17% were classified as well informed (provided ≥ 4 correct answers out of 7 questions). Good knowledge was highly predicted by higher education level of the individual (p=0.001).Conclusions: Despite the efforts to curb viral hepatitis and HIV infections through Methadone clinics, infection rates among people who use drugs are still high and the general knowledge on preventive measures is inadequate.

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Chronic viral hepatitis induced by hepatitis C but not hepatitis B virus infection correlates with increased liver angiogenesis

Hepatology ◽

10.1002/hep.510250142 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 229-234 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

R. Mazzanti ◽

L. Messerini ◽

L. Monsacchi ◽

G. Buzzelli ◽

A. L. Zignego ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Virus Infection ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Viral Hepatitis ◽

Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽

Hepatitis B Virus Infection ◽

B Virus

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FREQUENCY OF HEPATITIS B AND HEPATITIS C IN MULTITRANSFUSED BETA THALASSAEMIA MAJOR PATIENTS IN DISTRICT SWAT

Journal of Saidu Medical College, Swat ◽

10.52206/jsmc.2013.3.2.299-302 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 299-302

Author(s):

IMRAN UD DIN KHATTAK ◽

MUKAMIL SHAH ◽

IMTIAZ AHMED ◽

AMIR REHMAN ◽

MOHAMMAD SAJID

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C ◽

Blood Transfusion ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽

Care Center ◽

Autosomal Recessive Disorder ◽

Beta Thalassemia ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Thalassaemia Major ◽

Beta Thalassaemia

BACKGROUND: Beta thalassaemia major is the commonest inherited as autosomal recessive disorder inPakistan. Almost all patients beta thalassaemia major require blood transfusion within the first two years oflife to prevent severe anaemia and its physical consequences. Due to repeated blood transfusions hepatitis Band hepatitis C infections can occur in these patients. To document the prevalence and frequency of hepatitisB & hepatitis C in multi transfused beta Thalassemia major patients in our set up.STUDY DESIGN:Aprospective descriptive study.PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: The study was conducted in thalassaemia care center A1 FajarFoundation Blood Transfusion ServicesSwat from 1-1-2012 to 31-12-2012.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Study was carried on 170 multi transfused thalassaemia major patientswho were registered with A1 Fajar Foundation Swat, irrespective of age, sex, time of diagnosis. Only thosepatients were included in the study who had received so far more than 10 transfusions. They were screenedfor hepatitis B and C by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The subjects were in the agesrange of 2-15 year,with 94 (55.29%) male and 76 (94:71%) female.RESULTS: Out of these 10 patients (5.88%) were found to have hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)positive and 37 patients (21.76%) hepatitis C virus(HCV) antibody positive.CONCLUSION: In spite of the fact that screened blood is used for transfusions, still a large number ofpatients have been found infected with hepatitis B and C. It has been recommended that properly screenedbloods using a reliable and accurate method are used for screening of blood to prevent transfusiontransmitted diseases. It can be avoided by giving screened safe blood.KEYWORDS: Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C,Thalassaemia Major,Transfusion

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Epidemiological Survey of the Prevalence of HCV and HBV in the Periphery of Lahore City

BioScientific Review ◽

10.32350/bsr.v3i1.1074 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Khurram ◽

Asma Irshad ◽

Muhammad Alamgir ◽

Usman Ayub ◽

Haleema Sadia

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽

Epidemiological Survey ◽

Occurrence Rate ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Gender And Age ◽

Health Related ◽

Literature Highlight

Both hepatitis C and hepatitis B are part of the major health-related issues all over the globe. Both of these are viral infections that can be disseminated via sexual contact, blood or by the use of blood products, and through methods of intra-familial transmission. Collection of blood samples of factory workers was done aseptically at KBK electronics. Overall, 272 samples of blood were taken of a variety of individuals and economically accessible ELISA (i.e. enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assay) was used to screen the individuals for Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg) and also for anti- HCV antibodies. The screening test was done as directed by the instructions of the manufacturer. Names, gender and age group date of each person was collected. Overall, 271 examinees were inspected to check the the presence of HCV and/or HBV. The ages of all the examinees ranged from a minimum of 19 years to a maximum of 50 years of age. The complete overall pervasiveness of both HCV and as well as HBV determined as 18.4% (50/271). In contrast to HBV, HCV has a much higher ubiquity i.e. 16.17% (44/271). On the other hand, that of HBV was only 2.2% (6/271). The individuals revealed a higher percentage of positive results in hepatitis C. HBV occurrence in Lahore is much more than its neighboring areas such as Gujrat with only 0.8% prevalence, Sheikhupura with 1.6%, Narowal with 2.1%, and Hafiz Abad with 2.2% prevalence (PMRC, 2007 to 2009). The results from this study and previous literature highlight the pressing need to also conduct such kinds of experiments in even more populations because by doing so, the areas with a stronger occurrence rate of HCV and HBV can be specified and pointed out and then various methods for treating and even precluding both of these infections, can be implemented effectively.

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Unmet needs in occupational health: prevention and management of viral hepatitis in healthcare workers in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: a mixed-methods study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052668 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. e052668

Author(s):

Tran Nguyen ◽

Trang Pham ◽

Hong K Tang ◽

Loc Phan ◽

Gary Mize ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mixed Methods ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Viral Hepatitis ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽

Mixed Methods Study ◽

Ho Chi Minh City ◽

Clinical Activity ◽

Depth Interviews

ObjectivesVietnam is an endemic area for hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection (HBV-HCV), yet its largest city, Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), has no comprehensive policy to educate, screen, treat and protect healthcare workers (HCWs) from viral hepatitis. We conducted a mixed-methods study to document HBV-HCV infection rates, risk factors, local barriers and opportunities for providing education, screening and medical care for HCWs.DesignThis mixed-methods study involved an HBV and HCV serological evaluation, knowledge, attitude and practice survey about viral hepatitis and many in-depth interviews. Descriptive statistics and thematic content analysis using inductive and deductive approaches were used.SettingHCMC, Vietnam.ParticipantsHCWs at risk of viral hepatitis exposure at three hospitals in HCMC.ResultsOf the 210 invited HCWs, 203 were enrolled. Of the 203 HCWs enrolled, 20 were hepatitis B surface antigen-positive, 1 was anti-hepatitis C antibody (anti-HCV Ab)-positive, 57 were anti-hepatitis B core Ab-positive and 152 had adequate anti-hepatitis B surface Ab (anti-HBs Ab) titre (≥10IU/mL). Only 50% of the infected HCWs reported always using gloves during a clinical activity involving handling of blood or bodily fluid. Approximately 50% of HCWs were still not vaccinated against HBV following 1 year of employment. In-depth interviews revealed two major concerns for most interviewees: the need for financial support for HBV-HCV screening and treatment in HCWs and the need for specific HBV-HCV guidelines to be independently developed.ConclusionsThe high HBV infection rate in HCWs coupled with inadequate preventive occupational practices among the population in HCMC highlight the urgent needs to establish formal policy and rigorous education, screening, vaccination and treatment programmes to protect HCWs from HBV acquisition or to manage those living with chronic HBV in Vietnam.

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Trends in Prevalence of Hepatitis B (HBV) and Hepatitis C (HCV) virus infection among blood donors in Apollo Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2007-2011

Pulse ◽

10.3329/pulse.v6i1-2.20330 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (1-2) ◽

pp. 27-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

KM Huda ◽

TA Nasir

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Hcv Infection ◽

Infection Prevalence ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Transmitted Infection ◽

Recruitment And Selection

Transfusion transmitted infection (TTIs) is still a concern associated with blood transfusion as hepatitis B and hepatitis C remains a major public health problem in a country like Bangladesh. The trends of the prevalence of HBsAg and HCV infection among the healthy blood donors even in a tertiary level hospital could be a guide for planning and implementing programs for preventive measures. All samples of a total 18,381 unit of blood were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies at Apollo Hospitals Dhaka over a period of 5 years (2007-2011). The prevalence of HBV and HCV infection was calculated by year to demonstrate the trends. The overall sero prevalence rate of HBV and HCV among all blood donors at Apollo Hospitals, Dhaka during 2007 to 2011 was 1.42% and 0.10% respectively. There was decreasing trend observed in sero prevalence of HBV (1.77% vs 1.64%) and HCV (0.13% vs 0.02%) over five years of time, although this change was not statistically significant (p=0.16 for HBV and p=0.20 for HCV). However, a significant decreasing trend was observed in the sero prevalence of HBV among blood donors aged 30 years and above, which was 1.04% in 2011 against 1.73% in 2007 (p=0.04). The decreasing trend in the prevalence of HBV and HCV infection might be the result of improvement in donor recruitment and selection, replacement donation exclusion in transfusion services, and possibly decreasing HBV infection prevalence in general population. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pulse.v6i1-2.20330 Pulse Vol.6 January-December 2013 p.27-32

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The Management of Chronic Viral Hepatitis: A Canadian Consensus Conference 2004

Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology ◽

10.1155/2004/201031 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 18 (12) ◽

pp. 715-728 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Morris Sherman ◽

Vincent Bain ◽

Jean-Pierre Villeneuve ◽

Robert P Myers ◽

Curtis Cooper ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Hepatitis ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Viral Hepatitis ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Hepatitis Virus ◽

Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽

Consensus Conference ◽

Health Staff ◽

Care Providers

Several government and nongovernment organizations held a consensus conference on the management of acute and chronic viral hepatitis to update previous management recommendations. The conference became necessary because of the introduction of new forms of therapy for both hepatitis B and hepatitis C. The conference issued recommendations on the investigation and management of chronic hepatitis B, including the use of lamivudine, adefovir and interferon. The treatment of hepatitis B in several special situations was also discussed. There were also recommendations on the investigation and treatment of chronic hepatitis C and hepatitis C-HIV coinfection. In addition, the document makes some recommendations about the provision of services by provincial governments to facilitate the delivery of care to patients with hepatitis virus infection. The present document is meant to be used by practitioners and other health care providers, including public health staff and others not directly involved in patient care.

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Transcriptomic Analysis of Chronic Hepatitis B and C and Liver Cancer Reveals MicroRNA-Mediated Control of Cholesterol Synthesis Programs

mBio ◽

10.1128/mbio.01500-15 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Sara R. Selitsky ◽

Timothy A. Dinh ◽

Cynthia L. Toth ◽

C. Lisa Kurtz ◽

Masao Honda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Chronic Hepatitis ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Viral Hepatitis ◽

Chronic Hepatitis B ◽

Cholesterol Synthesis ◽

Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽

Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽

Disease States

ABSTRACT Chronic hepatitis B (CHB), chronic hepatitis C (CHC), and associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are characterized by cholesterol imbalance and dyslipidemia; however, the key regulatory drivers of these phenotypes are incompletely understood. Using gene expression microarrays and high-throughput sequencing of small RNAs, we performed integrative analysis of microRNA (miRNA) and gene expression in nonmalignant and matched cancer tissue samples from human subjects with CHB or CHC and HCC. We also carried out follow-up functional studies of specific miRNAs in a cell-based system. These studies led to four major findings. First, pathways affecting cholesterol homeostasis were among the most significantly overrepresented among genes dysregulated in chronic viral hepatitis and especially in tumor tissue. Second, for each disease state, specific miRNA signatures that included miRNAs not previously associated with chronic viral hepatitis, such as miR-1307 in CHC, were identified. Notably, a few miRNAs, including miR-27 and miR-224, were components of the miRNA signatures of all four disease states: CHB, CHC, CHB-associated HCC, and CHC-associated HCC. Third, using a statistical simulation method (miRHub) applied to the gene expression data, we identified candidate master miRNA regulators of pathways controlling cholesterol homeostasis in chronic viral hepatitis and HCC, including miR-21, miR-27, and miR-33. Last, we validated in human hepatoma cells that both miR-21 and miR-27 significantly repress cholesterol synthesis and that miR-27 does so in part through regulation of the gene that codes for the rate-limiting enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase (HMGCR). IMPORTANCE Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are phylogenetically unrelated hepatotropic viruses that persistently infect hundreds of millions of people world-wide, often leading to chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Chronic hepatitis B (CHB), chronic hepatitis C (CHC), and associated HCC often lead to cholesterol imbalance and dyslipidemia. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying the dysregulation of lipid pathways in these disease states are incompletely understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as critical modulators of lipid homeostasis. Here we use a blend of genomic, molecular, and biochemical strategies to identify key miRNAs that drive the lipid phenotypes of chronic viral hepatitis and HCC. These findings provide a panoramic view of the miRNA landscape in chronic viral hepatitis, which could contribute to the development of novel and more-effective miRNA-based therapeutic strategies.

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Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus infection, anti-HCV antibodies and HIV and knowledge among people who use drugs attending methadone therapy clinic in Tanzania; a cross-sectional study

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-021-06393-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Semvua B. Kilonzo ◽

Daniel W. Gunda ◽

David C. Majinge ◽

Hyasinta Jaka ◽

Paulina M. Manyiri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Viral Hepatitis ◽

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽

People Who Use Drugs ◽

Behavioral Risk ◽

Infection Rates ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

B Virus

Abstract Background Methadone therapy clinics have been recently introduced in Tanzania, aiming at reducing risk behaviors and infection rates of viral hepatitis and HIV among people who use drugs. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence, associated factors and knowledge level of these conditions among people who use drugs attending a methadone clinic in Tanzania. Methods We enrolled 253 People who using drugs receiving Methadone therapy. Clinical data was retrospectively collected from the medical records and face-to face interviews were conducted to determine the behavioral risk factors and respondents’ knowledge on viral hepatitis and HIV. Results An overall seroprevalence of viral hepatitis (either hepatitis B surface antigen or anti-hepatitis C virus) was 6.3%, while that of hepatitis B virus mono infection was 3.5% and anti-hepatitis C antibodies was 3.5%. Seroprevalence of HIV was 12.6%. Viral hepatitis was strongly predicted by advanced age (> 35 years) (p = 0.02) and staying at Kirumba area (p = 0.004), and HIV infection was predicted by increased age (> 37 years) (p = 0.04) and female sex (p < 0.001). Regarding the knowledge of viral hepatitis, majority of the respondents were unaware of the transmission methods and availability of hepatitis B virus vaccines and only 17% were classified as well informed (provided ≥4 correct answers out of 7 questions). Good knowledge was highly predicted by higher education level of the individual (p = 0.001). Conclusions Despite the efforts to curb viral hepatitis and HIV infections through Methadone clinics, infection rates among people who use drugs are still high and the general knowledge on preventive measures is inadequate.

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