scholarly journals TnCentral: A Prokaryotic Transposable Element Database and Web Portal for Transposon Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Ross ◽  
Alessandro M Varani ◽  
Erik Snesrud ◽  
Hongzhan Huang ◽  
Danillo Oliveira Alvarenga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Web Resource ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
General Section

The ability of bacteria to undergo rapid evolution and adapt to changing environmental circumstances drives the public health crisis of multiple antibiotic resistance as well as outbreaks of disease in economically important agricultural crops and animal husbandry. Prokaryotic transposable elements (TE) play a critical role in this. Many carry passenger genes (not required for the transposition process) conferring resistance to antibiotics or heavy metals or causing disease in plants and animals. Passenger genes are spread by the normal TE transposition activities, by insertion into plasmids which then spread via conjugation within and across bacterial populations. Thus, an understanding of TE composition and transposition mechanisms is key to developing strategies to combat bacterial pathogenesis. Toward this end, we have developed TnCentral, a bioinformatics resource dedicated to describing and exploring the structural and functional features of prokaryotic TE and whose use is intuitive and accessible to users with or without bioinformatics expertise. We describe here the structure and organization of TnCentral (https://tncentral.proteininformationresource.org/), a web resource for prokaryotic transposable elements (TE). TnCentral currently contains ~400 carefully annotated TE, including transposons from the Tn3, Tn7, Tn402 and Tn554 families, compound transposons, integrons and associated insertion sequences (IS). These TE carry passenger genes, including genes conferring resistance to over 25 classes of antibiotics and nine types of heavy metal as well as genes responsible for pathogenesis in plants, toxin/antitoxin gene pairs, transcription factors and genes involved in metabolism. Each TE has its own entry page providing details about its transposition genes, passenger genes, and other sequence features required for transposition as well as a graphical map of all features. TnCentral content can be browsed and queried through text and sequence-based searches with a graphic output. We describe three use cases, which illustrate how the search interface, results tables, and entry pages can be used to explore and compare TEs. TnCentral also includes downloadable software to facilitate user-driven identification, with manual annotation, of certain types of TE in genomic sequences. Through the TnCentral homepage, users can also access TnPedia which provides comprehensive reviews of the major TE families including an extensive general section, and specialised sections with descriptions of insertion sequence and transposon families. TnCentral and TnPedia are intuitive resources that can be used by clinicians and scientists to assess TE diversity in clinical, veterinary and environmental samples.

scholarly journals TnCentral: a Prokaryotic Transposable Element Database and Web Portal for Transposon Analysis

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Ross ◽  
Alessandro M. Varani ◽  
Erik Snesrud ◽  
Hongzhan Huang ◽  
Danillo Oliveira Alvarenga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Crisis

The ability of bacteria to undergo rapid evolution and adapt to changing environmental circumstances drives the public health crisis of multiple antibiotic resistance, as well as outbreaks of disease in economically important agricultural crops and animal husbandry. Prokaryotic transposable elements (TE) play a critical role in this.

Health and Safety Risks to Journalists During Pandemics

2021 ◽  
pp. 90-103
Author(s):  
Sayyed Fawad Ali Shah ◽  
Faizullah Jan ◽  
Muhammad Ittefaq
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Healthcare Organizations ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Safety Risks ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province ◽  
The Government ◽  
Shed Light

Journalists play a critical role in the dissemination of health information to the public. This chapter explores the challenges created by COVID-19 for journalists in Pakistan. It also examines how the pandemic has shed light on the disparities and safety risks in the Pakistani journalism and exposed fault lines in journalism practices in the country. The authors randomly selected 50 profiles of journalists from the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan and analyzed the publicly available posts they created or shared on their profiles (n= 823). They found that the journalists were mainly concerned about their own well-being and the well-being of their families. They received threats for covering COVID-19 related stories. They were not trained enough to cover a health crisis like COVID-19, and therefore, a majority of the journalists did not follow standard operating procedures outlined by the Government of Pakistan. They suggest that the Government of Pakistan view these journalists as essential workers and frame precautions from healthcare organizations.

Coronavirus: Towards controlling of the pandemic - Indian scenario

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 462-468
Author(s):  
Latika kothari ◽  
Sanskruti Wadatkar ◽  
Roshni Taori ◽  
Pavan Bajaj ◽  
Diksha Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
The Social ◽  
Asking Questions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a communicable infection caused by the novel coronavirus resulting in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV). It was recognized to be a health crisis for the general population of international concern on 30th January 2020 and conceded as a pandemic on 11th March 2020. India is taking various measures to fight this invisible enemy by adopting different strategies and policies. To stop the COVID-19 from spreading, the Home Affairs Ministry and the health ministry, of India, has issued the nCoV 19 guidelines on travel. Screening for COVID-19 by asking questions about any symptoms, recent travel history, and exposure. India has been trying to get testing kits available. The government of India has enforced various laws like the social distancing, Janata curfew, strict lockdowns, screening door to door to control the spread of novel coronavirus. In this pandemic, innovative medical treatments are being explored, and a proper vaccine is being hunted to deal with the situation. Infection control measures are necessary to prevent the virus from further spreading and to help control the current situation. Thus, this review illustrates and explains the criteria provided by the government of India to the awareness of the public to prevent the spread of COVID-19.

Anticipating on a post covid-19 world and the pivotal role of science and technology

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Khan ◽  
Tusha Sharma ◽  
Basu Dev Banerjee ◽  
Scotty Branch ◽  
Shea Harrelson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Healthcare Organizations ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Outbreak Management ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Future Outbreak

: Currently, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has transformed into a severe public health crisis and wreaking havoc worldwide. The ongoing pandemic has exposed the public healthcare system's weaknesses and highlighted the urgent need for investments in scientific programs and policies. A comprehensive program utilizing the science and technologydriven strategies combined with well-resourced healthcare organizations appears to be essential for current and future outbreak management.

The Public Health Crisis Survival Guide

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua M. Sharfstein
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Health Agency ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Strong Response ◽  
Popular Imagination ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Critical Skills

Firefighters fight fires. Police officers race to crime scenes, sirens blaring. And health officials? Health officials respond to crises. There are infectious disease crises, budget crises, environmental health crises, human resources crises—and many more. At such critical moments, what happens next really matters. A strong response can generate greater credibility and authority for a health agency and its leadership, while a bungled response can lead to humiliation and even resignation. Health officials must be able to manage and communicate effectively as emotions run high, communities become engaged, politicians lean in, and journalists circle. In popular imagination, leaders intuitively rise to the challenge of a crisis: Either they have what it takes or they do not. In fact, preparation is invaluable, and critical skills can be learned and practiced. Students and health officials alike can prepare not only to avoid catastrophe during crises, but to take advantage of new opportunities for health improvement. The Public Health Crisis Survival Guide provides historical perspective, managerial insight, and strategic guidance to help health officials at all levels not just survive but thrive in the most challenging of times.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in obstetrics 2020: the experience at a New York City medical center

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 892-899
Author(s):  
Ashlesha K. Dayal ◽  
Armin S. Razavi ◽  
Amir K. Jaffer ◽  
Nishant Prasad ◽  
Daniel W. Skupski
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Asymptomatic Carriage ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
Workforce Flexibility

AbstractThe global spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus during the early months of 2020 was rapid and exposed vulnerabilities in health systems throughout the world. Obstetric SARS-CoV-2 disease was discovered to be largely asymptomatic carriage but included a small rate of severe disease with rapid decompensation in otherwise healthy women. Higher rates of hospitalization, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission and intubation, along with higher infection rates in minority and disadvantaged populations have been documented across regions. The operational gymnastics that occurred daily during the Covid-19 emergency needed to be translated to the obstetrics realm, both inpatient and ambulatory. Resources for adaptation to the public health crisis included workforce flexibility, frequent communication of operational and protocol changes for evaluation and management, and application of innovative ideas to meet the demand.

scholarly journals Perceptions of Antibiotic Use and Resistance: Are Antibiotics the Dentists’ Anxiolytics?

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 735
Author(s):  
Julie Dormoy ◽  
Marc-Olivier Vuillemin ◽  
Silvia Rossi ◽  
Jean-Marc Boivin ◽  
Julie Guillet
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Oral Surgery ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Public

Background: Antibiotic resistance is a global health crisis. The aim of this study was to explore dentists’ perceptions of antibiotic resistance. Methods: A qualitative method was used. Seventeen dentists practising in the Nancy (Lorraine, France) region were surveyed. They were general practitioners or specialised in oral surgery, implantology, or periodontology. The practitioners took part in semi-structured interviews between September 2019 and July 2020. All of the interviews were transcribed in full and analysed thematically. Results: Four major themes have been selected: attitudes of the dentists in regard to the guidelines, clinical factors that influence prescriptions, non-clinical factors that influence prescriptions, and the perception of antibiotic resistance. The dentists stated that they were very concerned regarding the public health issue of antibiotic resistance. However, they often prescribe according to their own interests and habits rather than according to the relevant guidelines. Conclusions: Although dentists are generally well aware of antibiotic resistance, they often do not adequately appreciate the link between their prescribing habits and the phenomenon of antibiotic resistance. Regular updating of practitioners’ knowledge in this regard is necessary, but patients and the general public should also be made more aware of the issue.

Implementation of a Dual-Frequency GLONASS and GPS L1 C/A Software Receiver

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Abbasian Nik ◽  
M. G. Petovello
Keyword(s):  
Global Navigation Satellite System ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Navigation Satellite ◽  
Dual Frequency ◽  
Software Receiver ◽  
The Public ◽  
Global Navigation ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

These days, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technology plays a critical role in positioning and navigation applications. Use of GNSS is becoming more of a need to the public. Therefore, much effort is needed to make the civilian part of the system more accurate, reliable and available, especially for the safety-of-life purposes. With the recent revitalization of Russian Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), with a constellation of 20 satellites in August 2009 and the promise of 24 satellites by 2010, it is worthwhile concentrating on the GLONASS system as a method of GPS augmentation to achieve more reliable and accurate navigation solutions.

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