Quantitative definition of fever needs a change

Background 98.6F is generally accepted as normal body temperature as defined by Wunderlich (1868) and later challenged by Mackowiak (1992) and Protsiv (2020) who concluded as 98.2F based on cross-sectional studies. Hence, the normal body temperature at present needs quantification? Methods A longitudinal study on the healthy population of Northen-India were followed-up over 1-year. Participants were advised for self-monitoring of oral temperature with a standard digital thermometer in either left or right sublingual pocket and record it in the thermometry diary. The study was considered complete if the participant had all the three phases of the study (i.e. non-febrile, febrile, and post-febrile phases) or completed the duration of the study. Results The mean oral temperature of the participants (n=144) during the non-febrile and post-febrile phases (temperature readings=6543) were 98F (SD, 0.61) and 98.01F (SD, 0.60) respectively (P<0.001). The mean oral temperature during post-febrile phase was found to be 0.01F higher than non-febrile phase. With the diurnal variability, the morning (AM), noon (AN), and afternoon (PM) mean temperatures were 97.91, 98.08, and 98.27F (P<0.001) respectively during the non-febrile phase. Similar trends were observed in variability among men and women, and seasons. Conclusions The mean oral temperature is 98F (SD, 0.61). The temperature is as low as 96.9F and as high as 99.1F. The temperature during post-febrile phase was found to be higher than the non-febrile phase temperature like PM over AN & AM, women over men, summer over other seasons in the non-febrile phase, spring over others in the post-febrile phase.

Download Full-text

EXERCISE INDUCED BRONCHOCONSTRICTION IN MEDICAL STUDENTS

10.36106/ijar/7201884 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Mahesh Kisan Suryawanshi

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Challenge Test ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Healthy Population ◽

Subjective Feeling ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Specificity And Sensitivity ◽

Study Results ◽

Post Test ◽

Exercise Induced

INTRODUCTION: Exercise induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is transient narrowing of lower respiratory tract airways after exercise. It affects about 5 to 20 % of healthy individuals and 80% of Asthmatics. Obesity has been considered as one of the risk factor to the development of EIB. Symptoms of EIB are nonspecific and can be seen in a variety of disorders and studies have shown a lack of diagnosis specificity and sensitivity based on symptoms. AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate frequency of EIB in Medical students of Govt. Medical College Miraj. We also tried to find out association of body mass index (BMI) with EIB. We also tried to find out correlation of subjective feeling of breathlessness (symptom of EIB) with actual findings of spirometry tests used to asses EIB. METHOD: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 80 male medical students. Exercise challenge test was conducted for participants. Pre and post-test values of Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were compared and students with ≥ 10% decrease in post-test FEV1 & PEFR were considered positive cases of exercise induced bronchoconstriction. Statistical analysis was done by using software, IBM-SPSS VER 20. RESULT:In our study frequency of EIB in medical students was 6.4%. Decrease in post-test FEV1 and PEFR values were statistically significant with Pvalue < 0.001. Our findings show that there was no association between BMI and EIB. Our study results also reveal strong correlation between subjective feeling of breathlessness measured in terms of visual analogue scale (VAS) and objective spirometry tests used to assess EIB. CONCLUSION: EIB is one of the major problems to be addressed as increasing frequency of EIB in healthy population could pose a threat when people attempt exercise training for their health benefits. Proper care with physician's consultation can minimize undue risks associated with EIB in healthy people.

Download Full-text

Definition of Amorphous Tapes Magnetic Condition Using Temperature Dependence of the Saturation Magnetic Moment

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.215.268 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 215 ◽

pp. 268-271

Author(s):

Vladimir S. Pechnikov

Keyword(s):

Temperature Dependence ◽

Magnetic Moment ◽

Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles ◽

Ferromagnetic Phase ◽

Initial Condition ◽

Saturation Magnetic Moment ◽

Magnetic Elements ◽

Phase Temperature ◽

Definition Of ◽

Quantitative Definition

In article results of research of the saturation magnetic moment temperature dependence of ferromagnetic amorphous tapes on an iron and cobalt basis, and also one not ferromagnetic amorphous tape are described. It is shown that in an initial condition not all atoms of magnetic elements are in a ferromagnetic phase. Temperature dependence of the saturation moment of a ferromagnetic phase of amorphous tapes is well described by Brillouin's function. Possibility of quantitative definition of part of the magnetic atoms forming not ferromagnetic phase of a tape is proved. It is shown that the tape on the iron basis, containing about 20% of chrome, not ferromagnetic in an initial condition, consists of the superparamagnetic nanoparticles including about 10 atoms of iron.

Download Full-text

EXERCISE INDUCED BRONCHOCONSTRICTION IN MEDICAL STUDENTS

10.36106/7201884 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Mahesh Kisan Suryawanshi ◽

Shrihari Bharsakle ◽

Sachin Patankar ◽

Mr. C. G. Patil ◽

Sayali Raut*

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Challenge Test ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Healthy Population ◽

Subjective Feeling ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Specificity And Sensitivity ◽

Study Results ◽

Post Test ◽

Exercise Induced

INTRODUCTION: Exercise induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is transient narrowing of lower respiratory tract airways after exercise. It affects about 5 to 20 % of healthy individuals and 80% of Asthmatics. Obesity has been considered as one of the risk factor to the development of EIB. Symptoms of EIB are nonspecific and can be seen in a variety of disorders and studies have shown a lack of diagnosis specificity and sensitivity based on symptoms. AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate frequency of EIB in Medical students of Govt. Medical College Miraj. We also tried to find out association of body mass index (BMI) with EIB. We also tried to find out correlation of subjective feeling of breathlessness (symptom of EIB) with actual findings of spirometry tests used to asses EIB. METHOD: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 80 male medical students. Exercise challenge test was conducted for participants. Pre and post-test values of Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were compared and students with ≥ 10% decrease in post-test FEV1 & PEFR were considered positive cases of exercise induced bronchoconstriction. Statistical analysis was done by using software, IBM-SPSS VER 20. RESULT:In our study frequency of EIB in medical students was 6.4%. Decrease in post-test FEV1 and PEFR values were statistically significant with Pvalue < 0.001. Our findings show that there was no association between BMI and EIB. Our study results also reveal strong correlation between subjective feeling of breathlessness measured in terms of visual analogue scale (VAS) and objective spirometry tests used to assess EIB. CONCLUSION: EIB is one of the major problems to be addressed as increasing frequency of EIB in healthy population could pose a threat when people attempt exercise training for their health benefits. Proper care with physician's consultation can minimize undue risks associated with EIB in healthy people.

Download Full-text

The symptomatology of fever: a step towards qualitative definition of fever

10.1101/2021.08.03.21261558 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mayank Kapoor ◽

Nitin Kumar ◽

Prasan Kumar Panda

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional ◽

Muscle Cramps ◽

General Weakness ◽

Associated Symptoms ◽

Higher Temperature ◽

Waking Up ◽

One Year ◽

Definition Of ◽

Loss Of Appetite

Background: The old definitions of fever are based on cross-sectional surveys of the population without analyzing the associated symptomatology. Objectives: To analyze associated symptoms with fever in a longitudinal follow-up study. Methods: In a longitudinal study over one year, 196 participants recorded three temperature readings daily, one after waking up, one between 12-3 PM, one before sleeping, and filled the symptomatology questionnaire in a thermometry diary. Results: Per protocol analysis was done for febrile participants (n=144). Fatigue (50.3%), warmth (47.3%), headache/head heaviness (47.0%), feeling malaise/general weakness (46.7%), loss of appetite (46.5%), muscle cramps/muscle aches (45.6%), chills/shivering (44.6%), increased sweating (43.0%), nausea (42.5%), irritability (38.9%), increased breathing rate (37.1%), and restlessness/anxiety/palpitations (36.5%) were the symptoms maximally seen during the febrile phase. A higher number of associated symptoms are associated with higher temperature readings. Dehydration suggested the numerically highest temperature values (100.86oF) but seen in few febrile patients. Conclusions: Incorporation of symptom analysis in febrile patients is the need of the hour. Fatigue and warmth are found to be most prevelent symptoms during febrile phase. Associated symptoms can help in predicting the intensity of fever also.

Download Full-text

ASSESSMENT OF SKILLED BIRTH ATTENDANTS REGARDING HELPING BABIES BREATH INTERVENTION TO IMPROVE NEWBORN CARE IN RURAL DISTRICT OF SINDH

Pakistan Journal of Public Health ◽

10.32413/pjph.v7i1.24 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 48-53

Author(s):

Sheh Mureed ◽

Muhammad Hassan Gandro ◽

Walid Hassan

Keyword(s):

Newborn Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vital Role ◽

Skilled Birth Attendants ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Neonatal Deaths ◽

Birth Attendants ◽

Study Results ◽

Knowledge And Practice ◽

Labour Room

Background: Globally, 3.1 million newborn deaths occur every year out of these estimated 400,000 neonatal deaths occur in Pakistan. All neonatal deaths 99% take place in poorest region and countries of the world, usually within hours of birth; mostly the cause of neonatal deaths is hypoxia. To access knowledge and practice of SBAs regarding HBB and to access the availability of equipments required for HBB. Methods: Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study on SBAs as trained in HBB. All 46 SBAs trained on HBB working in Labour room eight rural Health centers, four Taluka, One district Head Quarter Health Facilities and thirteen Mlbcs of the district, were included in the sample for study. All 41 SBAs were trained on HBB participated in the study. Results: Mean age of 30 years. Out of total 41 participants 25 were working in B-EmoNC (61%), 3in C-EmoNC (7.3%) and 13 in mid wife laid birth Centre (MLBC) or birth station (31.7%). About 92.7% of participants said that main purpose of HBB training is to decrease the NMR by improving newborn care. Drying of newborn is 82.7%, hand washing is 95.12% and 85.3% of the study participants said that they gave 30-40 breaths per minutes. Cord clamp and pair of ties was accessible to 85% of participants versus 14.3% who reported it's not accessible. Almost one quarter (34.1%) participants have low knowledge and practice. Knowledge and training had significant effect on the overall practices of the skilled birth attendants for skilled birth deliveries and reduce the neonatal deaths (P <0.001). Conclusion: Tools play a vital role for the implication of the knowledge into practices and tools were available almost to every participant. Although few barriers also identified for the less application of the helping hand babies trainings in the community.

Download Full-text

COMPARISION OF DENTAL SCORING SYSTEM WITH RADIOGRAPHIC SKELETAL SYSTEM IN AGE ESTIMATION

JKCD ◽

10.33279/2307-3934.2019.9103 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 9-11

Author(s):

Sadaf Ambreen

Keyword(s):

Age Estimation ◽

Scoring System ◽

Skeletal Age ◽

Chronological Age ◽

Age Group ◽

Dental Age ◽

Scoring Method ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Results ◽

Male Subjects

Objectives: To compare Demirjian Dental scoring method with Greulich-Pyle (GP) Skeletal method of age estimation in pubertal children. Materials and Methods: Sample of the study included 267 male healthy subjects of 11-16 years of age group.. Demirjian Scoring system was utilized to evaluate the orthopantomograms to assess their Dental age and the Hand-Wrist radiographs were analyzed to calculate the skeletal age by utilizing GP atlas. Chronological age was obtained from the date of birth of the subject .Both methods were compared with one another and with the chronological age. It was a cross-sectional study and only healthy male subjects without any clinical abnormalities were included in the study. Results: A total of 267 male subjects of 11-16 years of age group were assessed by Demirjian and Greulich Pyle Methods. Both were compared with Chronological Age. Data obtained was statistically analyzed and the Student “t” test was applied in the study population. The mean difference between Chronolgical age and dental age was 0.69years and that of chronological age and skeletal age was 0.87 years. It was observed from dental age assessment that it does not differ much from the skeletal age. Conclusion: It was concluded that Demirjian method of Age Estimation is more precise than Greulich Pyle method of Age Estimation. Furthermore both methods can be used selectively in Medicolegal cases to access bone age which can be easily correlated to chronological age.

Download Full-text

Blood Analysis Requests of Patients’ and Clinical Reflections in Primary Care

Eurasian Journal of Family Medicine ◽

10.33880/ejfm.2020090205 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 96-102

Author(s):

Zerrin Gamsizkan ◽

Mehmet Ali Sungur ◽

Yasemin Çayır

Keyword(s):

Chronic Disease ◽

Blood Test ◽

Family Health ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Blood Analysis ◽

Primary Role ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

High Expectations ◽

Blood Tests ◽

Study Results

Aim: The aim of the study is to determine the factors that may affect the demands of patients who come with the request to have a blood test without any chronic disease or a planned examination check. Methods: The data of this descriptive, cross-sectional study, were collected with a questionnaire that was prepared to examine the opinions of the patients who claim to have a blood test by coming to the family health center without any complaints. Patients over 18 years of age, who did not have any chronic disease and had no scheduled examination appointments were included in the study. Results: A total of 278 patients who wanted to have a blood test within the 6-months period were included in the study. Female patients who wanted to have a blood test were significantly more than male patients. When we look at the causes of patients who wanted to have a blood test; 61.2% (n=170) patients stated that they are concerned about their health and 6.1% (n=17) stated that they were affected by media warnings. There was no significant relationship between the frequency of blood test requests of patients and their age, gender, education, and general health status. Conclusion: Patients with high expectations and anxiety may be more willing to perform blood tests at inappropriate intervals. Family physicians, whose primary role is preventive medicine, have consultancy and information duties in order to protect their patients from the risk of over-examination and diagnosis. Keywords: blood tests, patient, screening, routine diagnostic tests

Download Full-text

HIV INFECTION AND SOME RELATED FACTORS IN FEMALE MASSAGE THERAPISTS IN QUANG NGAI PROVINCE

Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy ◽

10.34071/jmp.2015.3.8 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 57-60

Author(s):

Xuan Chuong Tran ◽

Thi Thanh Hoa Le ◽

Ngoc Van Nguyen ◽

Thanh Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Sexual Contact ◽

Related Factor ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Keywords Hiv ◽

Study Results ◽

Massage Therapists

Background: HIV/AIDS is still a dangerous infection in Vietnam and in the world. Studying of HIV infection and related factors in high risk groups, including female massage therapists is therefore very important. Aims: 1. To study the HIV infection in female massage therapists in Quang Ngai province. 2. To fine some related factors to HIV infection. Patients and methods: Female massage therapists working in Quang Ngai province. Cross-sectional, descriptive study. Results: The rate of HIV infection was 0.99%. Group older than 22 years old had higher rate of infection than group under 22 years old (1.80% vs 0.69%). The girls from urban areas or not using condom had higher rate of infection than group from rural or not using condom (1.57% vs 0.47% and 7.32% vs. 0.57%). Most of HIV infected belong to single or divorce groups. Conclusions: The rate of HIV infection in female massage therapists in Quang Ngai province was 0.99%. The HIV infection related factor was not using condom in sexual contact. Keywords: HIV, female massage therapists, Quang Ngai

Download Full-text

STUDYING OF CHILDREN WITH MENTAL RETARDATION IN HUE CITY IN 2011

Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy ◽

10.34071/jmp.2012.2.11 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 83-87

Author(s):

Thi Minh Xuan Doan ◽

Xuan Chuong Tran

Keyword(s):

Mental Retardation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Learning Ability ◽

Daily Activities ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Slow Development ◽

Study Results

Children with mental retardation have low intelligence, slow thinking, low learning ability in comparison with the same age children. Objectives: 1. To determine the prevalence of children with mental retardation in Hue City. 2. To study some characteristics of children with mental retardation. Materials and methodes: All children with mental retardation in Hue city. Cross sectional study. Results: The prevalence of children with mental retardation (CMR) among children under 15 yrs is 0.23%, among disable children 38.16%. The highest prevalences ware in Phu Binh, Xuan Phu quarters (0.79 and 0.66%), lowest in Thuan Loc, Thuan Thanh quarters (0.03 and 0.06%). Children over 5 yrs old were 75.95%. Most of children have slow development in movement and daily activities. More than 78% have late walking, 84% have late speaking. Conclusions: The prevalence of children with mental retardation among children under 15 yrs is 0.23%, among disable children 38.16%. Most of children have slow development in movement and daily activities.

Download Full-text