scholarly journals Association between willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine and sources of health information among Japanese workers: a cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ko Hiraoka ◽  
Tomohisa Nagata ◽  
TAKAHIRO MORI ◽  
Hajime Ando ◽  
Ayako Hino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Japanese Workers ◽  
Company Policy ◽  
Sources Of Health Information ◽  
To Receive

Background: It is important to achieve herd immunity by vaccinating as many people as possible to end the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigated the relationship between willingness to receive vaccination and sources of health information among those who did not want to be vaccinated against COVID-19. Methods: This prospective cohort study collected data using a self-administered questionnaire survey. The baseline survey was conducted during December 22-25, 2020, and the follow-up survey during February 18-19, 2021. Participants were aged 20-65 years and worked at the time of the baseline survey (N=33,087). After excluding 6,051 invalid responses, we included responses from 27,036 participants at baseline. In total, 19,941 people responded to the follow-up survey (74% follow-up rate). We excluded 7,415 participants who answered "yes" to the question "If a COVID-19 vaccine becomes available, would you like to get it?" in the baseline survey. We finally analyzed 12,526 participants. Results: The odds ratio for change in willingness to be vaccinated from "no" to "yes" differed by source of health information. Compared with workers that used TV as a source of information, significantly fewer people who reported getting information from the Internet and friends/colleagues were willing to get the vaccine. Conclusions: It is important to approach workers who do not watch TV when implementing workplace vaccination programs. It is likely that willingness to be vaccinated can be increased through an active company policy whereby the top management recommend vaccination, coupled with an individual approach by occupational health professionals.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Vaccinations: A Comprehensive Review of Their Safety and Efficacy in Special Populations

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1097
Author(s):  
Zhipeng Yan ◽  
Ming Yang ◽  
Ching-Lung Lai
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Special Populations ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Vaccination Decision ◽  
Immunocompromised State ◽  
To Receive

COVID-19 has been spreading worldwide since late 2019. There is no definitive cure to date. Global vaccination programs are urgently required to confer herd immunity, reducing the incidence of COVID-19 infections and associated morbidity and mortality. However, a significant proportion of special populations are hesitant to receive vaccination due to their special conditions, namely, age (pediatrics and geriatrics), immunocompromised state, autoimmune diseases, chronic cardiovascular and pulmonary conditions, active or treated cancers, and pregnancy. This review aims to evaluate the existing evidence of COVID-19 vaccinations on these special populations and to provide clues to guide vaccination decision making to balance the benefits and risks of vaccinations.

scholarly journals Non-communicable diseases and use of medication among Syrian refugees: a prospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
E M Strømme ◽  
J Haj-Younes ◽  
W Hasha ◽  
L T Fadnes ◽  
B Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Continuity Of Care ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Background Conflict-driven disruption in continuity of care for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is likely to have adverse public health impact. Yet, data on the prevalence and treatment coverage of NCDs among refugees is scarce. In this study we aim to assess the changes in prevalence of NCDs and use of relevant medication among Syrian refugees from a near-conflict phase in Lebanon to a resettlement phase in Norway. Methods This is a prospective cohort study. Survey data were collected during 2017-2018 among adult Syrian refugees in Lebanon selected for quota resettlement and at follow-up approximately one year after resettlement in Norway. Our primary outcomes were changes in NCDs as defined by the WHO and use of relevant medication. We calculated prevalence proportions with confidence intervals and assessed changes in prevalence over time using generalized estimating equations. Results Altogether 353 Syrians participated. The median age was 34 years and 51 percent were women. The overall prevalence of NCDs was 12 (9-16) percent at baseline and 9 (6-12) percent at follow-up. The odds ratio for reporting any NCD at follow-up compared to baseline was 0.68 (0.46, 1.00). Among those reporting NCDs, the prevalence of using either antithrombotic or cholesterol lowering medication, antihypertensives, antidiabetics, or drugs for asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was 55 (39-70) percent at baseline and 63 (44-80) percent at follow-up. The odds ratio for using relevant medication at follow-up compared to baseline was 1.01 (0.63, 2.05). Conclusions In our study around one tenth of the refugees reported at least one NCD. Nearly half of those reporting NCDs in a conflict-near setting did not seem to receive relevant medication, while the same was true for more than one third of respondents after resettlement. We call for innovative public health approaches and interventions to protect continuity of care for NCDs in settings of conflict-driven exodus. Key messages A high share of Syrian refugees reporting NCDs do not seem to receive relevant medication. The management of NCDs among refugees needs attention in order to avoid negative health effects.

scholarly journals Caries Increment and Salivary Microbiome during University Life: A Prospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Uchida-Fukuhara ◽  
Daisuke Ekuni ◽  
Md Monirul Islam ◽  
Kota Kataoka ◽  
Ayano Taniguchi-Tabata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Caries Increment ◽  
University Life ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this 3-year prospective cohort study was to explore the relationship between an increase in dental caries and oral microbiome among Japanese university students. We analyzed 487 students who volunteered to receive oral examinations and answer baseline (2013) and follow-up (2016) questionnaires. Of these students, salivary samples were randomly collected from 55 students at follow-up and analyzed using next-generation sequencing. Students were divided into two groups: increased group (Δdecayed, missing, and filled teeth (ΔDMFT) score increased during the 3-year period) and non-increased group (ΔDMFT did not increase). Thirteen phyla, 21 classes, 32 orders, 48 families, 72 genera, and 156 species were identified. Microbial diversity in the increased group (n = 14) was similar to that in the non-increased group (n = 41). Relative abundances of the family Prevotellaceae (p = 0.007) and genera Alloprevotella (p = 0.007) and Dialister (p = 0.039) were enriched in the increased group compared with the non-increased group. Some bacterial taxonomic clades were differentially present between the two groups. These results may contribute to the development of new dental caries prevention strategies, including the development of detection kits and enlightenment activities for these bacteria.

scholarly journals Ban on menthol-flavoured tobacco products predicts cigarette cessation at 1 year: a population cohort study

2019 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2018-054841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael O Chaiton ◽  
Ioana Nicolau ◽  
Robert Schwartz ◽  
Joanna E Cohen ◽  
Eric Soule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Menthol Cigarette ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Population Cohort ◽  
Menthol Cigarettes ◽  
Population Cohort Study

ObjectivesThe province of Ontario, Canada, banned the use of menthol-flavoured tobacco products as of 1 January 2017. The long-term impact of a menthol ban on smoking behaviour has not been previously evaluated.MethodsPopulation cohort study with baseline survey conducted September–December 2016 and follow-up January–August 2018 among residents of Ontario, Canada, 16 years old and over who reported current smoking (past 30 days) at baseline survey and completed follow-up (n=913) including 187 reporting smoking menthol cigarettes daily, 420 reported smoking menthol cigarettes occasionally, and 306 were non-menthol cigarette smokers. Relative rates of making a quit attempt and being a non-smoker at follow-up were estimated with Poisson regression controlling for smoking and demographic characteristics at baseline.ResultsAt follow-up, 63% of daily menthol smokers reported making a quit attempt since the ban compared with 62% of occasional menthol smokers and 43% of non-menthol smokers (adjusted relative rate (ARR) for daily menthol smokers compared with non-menthol smokers: 1.25; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.50). At follow-up, 24% of daily menthol smokers reported making a quit since the ban compared with 20% of occasional menthol smokers and 14% of non-menthol smokers (ARR for daily menthol smokers compared with non-menthol smokers: 1.62; 95% CI 1.08 to 2.42).ConclusionsThe study found higher rates of quitting among daily and occasional menthol smokers in Ontario 1 year after the implementation of a menthol ban compared with non-menthol smokers. Our findings suggest that restrictions on menthol may lead to substantial improvements in public health.

scholarly journals Vaccine Acceptance and Hesitancy among College Students in Nevada: A State-Wide Cross-Sectional Study

Vaccines ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Leslie Elliott ◽  
Kanyeemengtiang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccine Acceptance ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
Sources Of Health Information ◽  
To Receive

The purpose of this study was to identify factors related to COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in a diverse state-wide population of students. An electronic survey was emailed to students in the Nevada System of Higher Education to assess effects of the pandemic. The survey included questions related to vaccine status, interest in receiving the COVID-19 vaccine, factors influencing these decisions, and sources of health information. Among the 3773 respondents, over half (54%) were accepting of the vaccine, including vaccinated students (18.9%). Nearly one quarter (23.5%) expressed hesitancy to receive the vaccine, citing concerns about side effects and the need for more research. Factors related to hesitancy included female gender, increasing age, place of residence, marital status, and Black or Native American race. Vaccine hesitant respondents were less likely than other respondents to rely on public health agencies or newspapers for health information, and more likely to rely on employers, clinics, or “no one”. Culturally appropriate efforts involving COVID-19 vaccine information and distribution should target certain groups, focusing on factors such as side effects, development and testing of the vaccine. Research should investigate sources of health information of people who are hesitant to receive vaccines.

Income and education are associated with transitions in health status among community-dwelling older people in Japan: the JAGES cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 713-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takaaki Ikeda ◽  
Toru Tsuboya ◽  
Jun Aida ◽  
Yusuke Matsuyama ◽  
Shihoko Koyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Older People ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Background Health inequalities are an emerging issue in ageing societies, but inequalities in pre-frailty, which is suffered by almost half of older people, are mostly unknown. Objective This study aimed to determine the association between the socio-economic status (SES) and changes across pre-frailty, frailty, disability and all-cause mortality. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study across 23 Japanese municipalities between 2010 and 2013. Functionally independent community-dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years (n = 65 952) in 2010 were eligible for the study. The baseline survey was conducted from 2010 to 2012, and the self-reporting questionnaires were mailed to 126 438 community-dwelling older adults [64.8% (81 980/126 438) response rate]. The follow-up survey was conducted in 2013. Overall, 65 952 individuals were followed up [80.4% (65 952/81 980) follow-up rate]. The health status was classified into five groups: robust; pre-frailty; frailty; disability and death. We conducted three multinomial logistic regression models stratified by the initial disability status. Educational attainment and equivalized household income were separately added to the models as exposures after adjusting for covariates. Results Participants with the lowest educational level were less likely to recover from pre-frailty to robust compared with those with the highest level [odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) = 0.84 (0.76–0.93)]. The participants with the lowest income level were also less likely to recover from pre-frailty to robust compared with those with the highest level [OR (95% CI) = 0.80 (0.69–0.91)]. Conclusions Older individuals with a lower SES were less likely to recover from a pre-frailty status.

scholarly journals Factors of non-responsive or lost-to-follow-up Japanese mothers during the first year post partum following the Japan Environment and Children’s Study: a longitudinal cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e031222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mika Kigawa ◽  
Akiko Tsuchida ◽  
Kenta Matsumura ◽  
Ayako Takamori ◽  
Mika Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort Study ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
First Year ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Lost To Follow Up

ObjectivesWe examined the factors related to lost-to-follow-up of a birth cohort study during the first year after delivery.DesignLongitudinal cohort study.SettingQuestionnaires were provided by mail. Mothers answered the questionnaires about the children twice: at 6 months and 1 year.ParticipantsOf 103 062 pregnancies who consented to participate in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS), 93 417 mothers were included in the study after excluding those with multiple births, miscarriages or stillbirths and those who withdrew from the study within 1 year after providing informed consent.Primary and secondary outcome measuresParticipants’ socioeconomic status, medical history, health status, health-related behaviours, their children’s health conditions and living situations were collected by self-administered questionnaires during pregnancy or 1 month after delivery as the baseline survey. In addition, two self-administered questionnaires were distributed 6 months and 1 year after delivery. Using the response status of the two questionnaires after delivery, participants’ follow-up status was divided into four groups. The related factors were examined using logistic regression analysis.ResultsFactors positively correlated with lost-to-follow-up to the questionnaires were postpartum physical conditions, psychological distress during pregnancy, the child’s health status at birth, the child’s primary caregiver and the number of siblings of the child. Partners’ active participation in JECS was associated with a lower lost-to-follow-up rate to the two questionnaires, whereas inactive participation was positively associated with a higher lost-to-follow-up rate.ConclusionThe response rate to the questionnaires seems to be related to the interest and understanding of participants’ partners. In addition, the response rates are related to participants’ physical conditions and living conditions. To decrease lost-to-follow-up rates in consecutive questionnaire surveys within a cohort study, it may be important for investigators to recognise that participants and their motivation in research can be influenced by perceptions they may have regarding the objectives of the research.

scholarly journals Assessing the chronic respiratory health risk associated with inhalation exposure to powdered toner for printing in actual working conditions: a cohort study on occupationally exposed workers over 10 years

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. e022049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshio Nakadate ◽  
Yuko Yamano ◽  
Takenori Yamauchi ◽  
Shigeko Okubo ◽  
Daichi Nagashima
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Surfactant Protein D ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Subjective Symptoms

BackgroundLittle epidemiological evidence exists regarding the chronic respiratory effects of inhaled powdered toner exposure in humans, although several case reports have suggested the existence of lung disorders that might be related to exposure to toner dust.ObjectiveWe aimed to estimate the chronic health risk to humans associated with routine toner dust exposure in copier industry workers under current actual work conditions.DesignA prospective observational cohort study of occupational population.MethodsChanges in chest radiogram, spirometry measurements and serum and urine biomarkers of biomedical responses to extrinsic stress, as well as subjective symptoms were longitudinally observed for up to 10 years in Japanese copier industry workers responsible for the manufacturing, maintenance or recycling of powdered toner or toner-using machines. A total of 694 subjects who did not change their work category during the follow-up and were free from chronic respiratory diseases at the baseline survey provided reliable results on at least three survey occasions during 3 years or more of follow-up.ResultsTypical fibrosis findings associated with pneumoconiosis was not observed on chest radiograms. No significant differences associated with toner exposure were noted in the frequency of new incidence of either non-specific findings on chest radiogram or serum fibrosis biomarkers (sialylated carbohydrate antigen KL-6 and surfactant protein D). However, the exposed subjects tended to show increases in the frequency of respiratory symptoms and reduced spirometry results during the follow-up compared with the control group, although significant differences were only seen in chronic cough.ConclusionsUnder the current reasonably controlled work environmental conditions, lung fibrotic changes caused by inhaled dust exposure, including powdered toner, appear to be relatively uncommon; however, non-specific temporal irritation causing subjective symptoms and inflammatory responses might exist.

scholarly journals The Association of Metabolic Syndrome with the development of cardiovascular disease among Kazakhs in remote rural areas of Xinjiang, China: a cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenwen Yang ◽  
Shuxia Guo ◽  
Haixia Wang ◽  
Yu Li ◽  
Xianghui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Metabolic syndrome (MS) can promote the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The objective of this study was to examine the association of MS and its components with CVD, to further prevent and control CVD in Kazakhs. Methods In the cohort study, a total of 2644 participants completed the baseline survey between April 2010 and December 2012.The follow-up survey was conducted from April 2016 to December 2016 and was completed by 2286 participants (86.46% follow-up rate). Cox regression was used to evaluate the association of each component and the number of combinations of MS components on the development of CVD. Results A total of 278 CVD patients were enrolled from rural residents of Xinjiang. The average age of the MS and non-MS groups was 46.33 and 38.71 years, respectively. Independent associations with CVD were found for elevated blood pressure (BP) (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) [aHR] = 1.50,95%confidence interval [CI]: 1.08–2.08), elevated waist circumference (WC) (aHR = 1.60, 95%CI: 1.19–2.15), and elevated triglycerides (TG) (aHR = 1.44, 95%CI: 1.04–2.01). Participants with one to 5 MS components had an increased HR for developing CVD, from 1.82to 8.59 (P for trend < 0.001), compared with those with no MS components. The risk of developing CVD increased when TG and WC coexisted (aHR = 2.16, 95%CI: 1.54–3.04)), when TG and BP coexisted ((aHR = 1.92, 95%CI: 1.32–2.79), and when WC and BP coexisted (aHR = 1.93, 95%CI: 1.33–2.82)). However, no significant interactions were found between BP, WC, and TG. Conclusions Elevations of BP, WC, and TG were independent risk factors for CVD in Kazakhs. Control of these factors is important to prevent CVD in this population.

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