scholarly journals Non-communicable diseases and use of medication among Syrian refugees: a prospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
E M Strømme ◽  
J Haj-Younes ◽  
W Hasha ◽  
L T Fadnes ◽  
B Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Continuity Of Care ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Background Conflict-driven disruption in continuity of care for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is likely to have adverse public health impact. Yet, data on the prevalence and treatment coverage of NCDs among refugees is scarce. In this study we aim to assess the changes in prevalence of NCDs and use of relevant medication among Syrian refugees from a near-conflict phase in Lebanon to a resettlement phase in Norway. Methods This is a prospective cohort study. Survey data were collected during 2017-2018 among adult Syrian refugees in Lebanon selected for quota resettlement and at follow-up approximately one year after resettlement in Norway. Our primary outcomes were changes in NCDs as defined by the WHO and use of relevant medication. We calculated prevalence proportions with confidence intervals and assessed changes in prevalence over time using generalized estimating equations. Results Altogether 353 Syrians participated. The median age was 34 years and 51 percent were women. The overall prevalence of NCDs was 12 (9-16) percent at baseline and 9 (6-12) percent at follow-up. The odds ratio for reporting any NCD at follow-up compared to baseline was 0.68 (0.46, 1.00). Among those reporting NCDs, the prevalence of using either antithrombotic or cholesterol lowering medication, antihypertensives, antidiabetics, or drugs for asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was 55 (39-70) percent at baseline and 63 (44-80) percent at follow-up. The odds ratio for using relevant medication at follow-up compared to baseline was 1.01 (0.63, 2.05). Conclusions In our study around one tenth of the refugees reported at least one NCD. Nearly half of those reporting NCDs in a conflict-near setting did not seem to receive relevant medication, while the same was true for more than one third of respondents after resettlement. We call for innovative public health approaches and interventions to protect continuity of care for NCDs in settings of conflict-driven exodus. Key messages A high share of Syrian refugees reporting NCDs do not seem to receive relevant medication. The management of NCDs among refugees needs attention in order to avoid negative health effects.

scholarly journals Caries Increment and Salivary Microbiome during University Life: A Prospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Uchida-Fukuhara ◽  
Daisuke Ekuni ◽  
Md Monirul Islam ◽  
Kota Kataoka ◽  
Ayano Taniguchi-Tabata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Caries Increment ◽  
University Life ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this 3-year prospective cohort study was to explore the relationship between an increase in dental caries and oral microbiome among Japanese university students. We analyzed 487 students who volunteered to receive oral examinations and answer baseline (2013) and follow-up (2016) questionnaires. Of these students, salivary samples were randomly collected from 55 students at follow-up and analyzed using next-generation sequencing. Students were divided into two groups: increased group (Δdecayed, missing, and filled teeth (ΔDMFT) score increased during the 3-year period) and non-increased group (ΔDMFT did not increase). Thirteen phyla, 21 classes, 32 orders, 48 families, 72 genera, and 156 species were identified. Microbial diversity in the increased group (n = 14) was similar to that in the non-increased group (n = 41). Relative abundances of the family Prevotellaceae (p = 0.007) and genera Alloprevotella (p = 0.007) and Dialister (p = 0.039) were enriched in the increased group compared with the non-increased group. Some bacterial taxonomic clades were differentially present between the two groups. These results may contribute to the development of new dental caries prevention strategies, including the development of detection kits and enlightenment activities for these bacteria.

scholarly journals Prospective cohort study of workers diagnosed with COVID-19 and subsequent unemployment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohisa Nagata ◽  
Masako Nagata ◽  
Ayako Hino ◽  
Seiichiro Tateishi ◽  
Akira Ogami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
History Of ◽  
Multilevel Logistic Model

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships of workers being diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and being identified as close contacts of infected persons with unemployment in Japan. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study using questionnaires about COVID-19 administered to Japanese workers. A baseline survey conducted on December 22-25, 2020, was used to determine history of being diagnosed with COVID-19 or being identified as a close contact of an infected person. Unemployment since the baseline survey was ascertained with a follow-up survey on February 18 and 19, 2021. The odds ratios of unemployment were estimated using a multilevel logistic model with adjusted covariates nested in prefecture of residence. Results: Women (n=8,771) accounted for 44% of the total sample (n=19,941), and the mean age was 48.0 years. In terms of unemployment because of negative reasons, the multivariate analysis showed that the odds ratio of unemployment associated with being diagnosed with COVID-19 was 2.18 (95% CI: 1.05-4.55) and that the odds ratio associated with being identified as a close contact was 0.93 (95% CI: 0.29-2.95). Conclusions: There is an association between workers being diagnosed with COVID-19 and unemployment. Occupational health professionals should follow up closely with workers diagnosed with COVID-19 after they return to work to prevent them from becoming unemployed against their will.

Non-Communicable Diseases During Pregnancy in Haiti: A Prospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia von Oettingen ◽  
Isabelle Malhamé ◽  
Rodney Destiné ◽  
Widmise Jacquecilien ◽  
Bidjinie Coriolan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

scholarly journals Nurse-led PrEP-RN clinic: a prospective cohort study exploring task-Shifting HIV prevention to public health nurses

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e040817
Author(s):  
Patrick O'Byrne ◽  
Amanda Vandyk ◽  
Lauren Orser ◽  
Marlene Haines
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Risk Criteria

ObjectiveTo report the results of a nurse-led pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) delivery service.DesignThis was a prospective cohort study conducted from 5 August 2018 to 4 March 2020. It involved manual chart review to collect data. Variables were described using frequencies and percentages and analysed using χ2 testing. Those significant in bivariate analysis were retained and entered into a binary multiple logistic regression. Hierarchical modelling was used, and only significant factors were retained.SettingThis study occurred in an urban public health unit and community-based sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinic in Ottawa, Canada.ParticipantsOf all persons who were diagnosed with a bacterial STI in Ottawa and everyone who presented to our STI clinic during the study period, there were 347 patients who met our high-risk criteria for PrEP; these criteria included patients who newly presented with any of the following: HIV contacts, diagnosed with a bacterial STI or single use of HIV PEP. Further, eligibility could be determined based on clinical judgement. Patients who met the foregoing criteria were appropriate for PrEP-RN, while lower-risk patients were referred to elsewhere. Of the 347 patients who met our high-risk criteria, 47% accepted and 53% declined. Of those who accepted, 80% selected PrEP-registered nurse (RN).Primary and secondary outcome measuresUptake, acceptance, engagement and attrition factors of participants who obtained PrEP through PrEP-RN.Findings69% of participants who were eligible attended their intake PrEP-RN visit. 66% were retained in care. Half of participants continued PrEP and half were lost to follow-up. We found no significant differences in the uptake, acceptance, engagement and attrition factors of participants who accessed PrEP-RN regarding reason for referral, age, ethnicity, sexual orientation, annual income, education attainted, insurance status, if they have a primary care provider, presence or absence of depression or anxiety and evidence of newly acquired STI during the study period.ConclusionsNurse-led PrEP is an appropriate strategy for PrEP delivery.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document