scholarly journals Representing the sediment retention ecosystem service within an ecosystem account of the Mitchell catchment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. McMahon ◽  
Syezlin Hasan ◽  
Andrew Brooks ◽  
Graeme Curwen ◽  
Josh Dyke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Sediment Budget ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Sediment Retention ◽  
Sediment Delivery ◽  
Invest Model ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Deposition Processes

If soil resources and the benefits derived from water quality are to be maintained, the on- and off-site effects of soil erosion must be adequately represented so that appropriate management responses can be identified and communicated to decision makers. The System of Environmental-Economic Accounting - Ecosystem Accounting (SEEA-EA), is one approach to quantify both the contributions that ecosystems make to the economy, and the impacts of economic activity on ecosystems. However, due to the difficulty of obtaining empirical data on ecosystem service flows, in many cases such quantification is informed by ecosystem service models. Previous research in the Mitchell catchment, Queensland Australia allowed us to explore the implications of using different modelling approaches to estimate the sediment retention ecosystem service. We compared predictions from a model of hillslope erosion and sediment delivery in isolation (as in the frequently used ecosystem service model - InVEST), to predictions produced by a more comprehensive representation of locally important erosion and deposition processes through a sediment budget calibrated against multiple lines of empirical data. Estimates of the magnitude of hillslope erosion modelled using an approach similar to that in InVEST differed by an order of magnitude from those derived from a calibrated sediment budget. If an uncalibrated InVEST model was used to inform the relative distribution of erosion magnitude and significance, results indicate the approach would not correctly identify the dominant erosion process contributing to suspended sediment loads in the catchment. However, the sediment budget model could only be calibrated using data on sediment sources and sinks that had been collected in the catchment through a sustained and concerted research effort. A comparable level of research investment may not be available to inform ecosystem service assessments in catchments elsewhere. The results summarised here for the Mitchell catchment are valuable for assessing the potential implications of using a simplified representation of this ecosystem service.

scholarly journals New Approach for Evaluation of a Watershed Ecosystem Service for Avoiding Reservoir Sedimentation and Its Economic Value: A Case Study from Ertan Reservoir in Yalong River, China

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilige Sude ◽  
Wu Nan ◽  
Gao Ji-Xi ◽  
Zhang Chen ◽  
Ge Jing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Reservoir Sedimentation ◽  
Sediment Retention ◽  
Sediment Delivery ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Retention Coefficient ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Absolute Quantity

A model was established to simulate an ecosystem service of avoiding reservoir sedimentation and its economic value based on the process of sediment delivery in a watershed. The model included fabricating the watershed of the study reservoir. The sediment retention coefficient of different land cover types were used to simulate the spatial patterns of the annual quantity of the sediment that were prevented from entering the reservoir by the vegetation in each cell followed the flow path in watershed. The economic value of the ecosystem service in this model was determined by the marginal cost of reservoir desilting. This study took the Ertan reservoir as an example. The results showed that most eroded soil was intercepted by different types of ecosystems in the process of sediment delivery in a watershed. The region with a higher quantity of sediment retention was around the reservoir. The absolute quantity of average sediment retention in forestland was lower, so the sediment retention ability of forestland failed to be brought into fullest play in watershed.

scholarly journals Influence of land management on soil erosion, connectivity, and sediment delivery in agricultural catchments: Closing the sediment budget

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (18) ◽  
pp. 2257-2271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie C. Sherriff ◽  
John S. Rowan ◽  
Owen Fenton ◽  
Phil Jordan ◽  
Daire Ó hUallacháin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Sediment Budget ◽  
Sediment Delivery ◽  
Agricultural Catchments

scholarly journals In situ growth optimization in focused electron-beam induced deposition

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 919-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M Weirich ◽  
Marcel Winhold ◽  
Christian H Schwalb ◽  
Michael Huth
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
In Situ Growth ◽  
Growth Optimization ◽  
Evolutionary Genetic ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Electron Beam Induced Deposition ◽  
Deposition Processes ◽  
Fitness Parameter

We present the application of an evolutionary genetic algorithm for the in situ optimization of nanostructures that are prepared by focused electron-beam-induced deposition (FEBID). It allows us to tune the properties of the deposits towards the highest conductivity by using the time gradient of the measured in situ rate of change of conductance as the fitness parameter for the algorithm. The effectiveness of the procedure is presented for the precursor W(CO)6 as well as for post-treatment of Pt–C deposits, which were obtained by the dissociation of MeCpPt(Me)3. For W(CO)6-based structures an increase of conductivity by one order of magnitude can be achieved, whereas the effect for MeCpPt(Me)3 is largely suppressed. The presented technique can be applied to all beam-induced deposition processes and has great potential for a further optimization or tuning of parameters for nanostructures that are prepared by FEBID or related techniques.

scholarly journals Thaw-driven mass wasting couples slopes with downstream systems, and effects propagate through Arctic drainage networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 3059-3081
Author(s):  
Steven V. Kokelj ◽  
Justin Kokoszka ◽  
Jurjen van der Sluijs ◽  
Ashley C. A. Rudy ◽  
Jon Tunnicliffe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mass Wasting ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Stream Length ◽  
Sediment Delivery ◽  
Drainage Patterns ◽  
Downstream Effects ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Retrogressive Thaw Slump ◽  
Victoria Island

Abstract. The intensification of thaw-driven mass wasting is transforming glacially conditioned permafrost terrain, coupling slopes with aquatic systems, and triggering a cascade of downstream effects. Within the context of recent, rapidly evolving climate controls on the geomorphology of permafrost terrain, we (A) quantify three-dimensional retrogressive thaw slump enlargement and describe the processes and thresholds coupling slopes to downstream systems, (B) investigate catchment-scale patterns of slope thermokarst impacts and the geomorphic implications, and (C) map the propagation of effects through hydrological networks draining permafrost terrain of northwestern Canada. Power-law relationships between retrogressive thaw slump area and volume (R2=0.90), as well as the thickness of permafrost thawed (R2=0.63), combined with the multi-decadal (1986–2018) increase in the areal extent of thaw slump disturbance, show a 2 order of magnitude increase in catchment-scale geomorphic activity and the coupling of slope and hydrological systems. Predominant effects are to first- and second-order streams where sediment delivery, often indicated by formation of recent debris tongue deposits, commonly exceeds the transport capacity of headwater streams by orders of magnitude, signaling centennial- to millennial-scale perturbation of downstream systems. Assessment of hydrological networks indicates that thaw-driven mass wasting directly affects over 5538 km of stream segments, 889 km of coastline, and 1379 lakes in the 994 860 km2 study area. Downstream propagation of slope thermokarst indicates a potential increase in the number of affected lakes by at least a factor of 4 (n>5692) and impacted stream length by a factor of 8 (>44 343 km), and it defines several major impact zones on lakes, deltas, and coastal areas. Prince of Wales Strait is the receiving marine environment for greatly increased sediment and geochemical fluxes from numerous slump-impacted hydrological networks draining Banks Island and Victoria Island. The Peel and Mackenzie rivers are globally significant conveyors of the slope thermokarst cascade, delivering effects to North America's largest Arctic delta and the Beaufort Sea. Climate-driven erosion of ice-rich slopes in permafrost-preserved glaciated terrain has triggered a time-transient cascade of downstream effects that signal the rejuvenation of post-glacial landscape evolution. Glacial legacy, ground-ice conditions, and continental drainage patterns dictate that terrestrial, freshwater, coastal, and marine environments of western Arctic Canada will be an interconnected hotspot of thaw-driven change through the coming millennia.

scholarly journals A COMPREHENSIVE SEDIMENT BUDGET FOR THE MISSISSIPPI BARRIER ISLANDS

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (33) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk-Jan Walstra ◽  
J. De Vroeg ◽  
J. Van Thiel de Vries ◽  
C. Swinkels ◽  
A. Luijendijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Barrier Islands ◽  
Sediment Budget ◽  
Littoral Drift ◽  
Island Restoration ◽  
Mississippi Sound ◽  
Longshore Transport ◽  
Sound Side ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

In order to conceive any realistic plan for post-Katrina island restoration, it is necessary to understand the physical processes that move sand along the littoral drift zone off the coast of Mississippi. This littoral zone influences the character of the Mississippi barrier islands as they exist in an ever changing cycle. To help in this understanding, a sediment transport model was conducted to establish a current sediment budget for the islands. This study evaluated the existing regional sediment transport magnitudes and directions for the Mississippi and Alabama barrier islands fronting Mississippi Sound including daily conditions and hurricanes. A method was developed to incorporate all relevant hurricanes from 1917 to 2010 in the analysis. For the long term average net longshore transport along the southern shorelines of the barriers (i.e. exposed to the Gulf of Mexico), the contribution of year-averaged conditions and hurricanes are of similar order of magnitude, although the mean annual percentage occurrence of hurricanes is no more than about 3%. Along the northern shores (Mississippi Sound side) the transport is considerably smaller and the contributions of cold fronts and hurricanes to the sediment transports are more or less equal. For the year-averaged conditions (excluding hurricanes) a westward directed net transport is found. The net effect of the historic hurricanes is also westward in direction. However, for individual hurricanes (e.g. Camille and Katrina) the net transport along Ship Island can be directed eastward due to the dominance of ebb flows after the eye of the hurricane had passed.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF UNPAVED ROADS IN THE SEDIMENT BUDGET OF A SEMI-ARID MESOSCALE CATCHMENT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Raquel Lima Farias ◽  
Pedro Medeiros ◽  
José Carlos de Araujo ◽  
Joaquin Navarro Hevia
Keyword(s):  
Soil Loss ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Sediment Budget ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Sediment Delivery ◽  
Unpaved Roads ◽  
The Road ◽  
Sediment Connectivity ◽  
On The Road

High rates of erosion and runoff production on road infrastructure have been documented, indicating that unpaved roads might be significant sources of sediment in catchments. In this paper, the production of surface sediments from unpaved rural roads at different scales is assessed. The study took place in northeastern Brazil, in a semiarid area of the Caatinga biome, vulnerable to desertification. Sediment production data from road surface segments were monitored for two years (2013-2014) under conditions of natural precipitation. By using hydrosedimentological modeling and Geographic Information System (GIS), the sediment budget was calculated at the meso-scale basin (aprox. 930 km²), in order to identify the relative contribution of roads to the sediment balance. Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) associated with Maner’s sediment delivery ratio (SDR) equation, proved to be an adequate approach for predicting sediment yield on the road segment scale; the best results were obtained for the road without traffic, due to the non-interference in this segment of external factors, such as traffic and maintenance activities, not explicitly considered in the model formulation. The modeling procedure showed that the roads, which occupy only 0.7% of the catchment surface, were responsible for approximately 7% of soil loss in the area. Furthermore, sediment connectivity might be enhanced by roads, which cross the river network and, therefore, deliver more directly the sediment generated at hillslopes. This is particularly important in the studied environment, where sediment connectivity is low due to limited runoff and the existence of a dense network of surface water reservoir

Sediment retention in river deltas and feedbacks with delta morphology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaap Nienhuis ◽  
Juan Paniagua-Arroyave ◽  
Frances Dunn ◽  
Sagy Cohen ◽  
Torbjorn Tornqvist
Keyword(s):  
River Mouth ◽  
Sediment Traps ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Sediment Retention ◽  
Sediment Delivery ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fluvial Sediment ◽  
River Deltas ◽  
Sediment Loads ◽  
The Mean

<p>Fluvial sediments have collectively formed about 900,000 km<sup>2</sup> of deltaic land since Holocene sea-level rise slowed down. The rate at which deltas have retained fluvial sediment to build deltaic land, however, has varied greatly between different deltas. Here we quantify sediment retention in the delta topset and foreset for 3,556 deltas globally. We estimate retention from data on delta morphology and cross-sectional area, combined with WBMSed data on fluvial suspended sediment supply. Deltas, on average, retain 25±2% (standard error of the mean) of the fluvial sediment in their topset and 31±2% in their foreset. Because topset sediment retention reduces the sediment delivery to the river mouth, it sets up a feedback with processes that build delta morphology. Waves reduce topset sediment retention whereas tides increase it. Tide dominated deltas retain 61±24% on their topset, on average, compared to 21±3% and 24±2% for river- and wave-dominated deltas, respectively. Larger deltas trap more sediment, but not in comparison to their larger sediment loads, making them relatively inefficient sediment traps.</p>

Quantification and Evaluation of Water Erosion

2020 ◽  
pp. 140-161
Author(s):  
Souad Ben Salem ◽  
Abdelkrim Ben Salem ◽  
Ahmed Karmaoui ◽  
Mohammed Khebiza Yacoubi ◽  
Mohammed Messouli
Keyword(s):  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Sedimentation Analysis ◽  
Sediment Retention ◽  
Sediment Delivery ◽  
Eastern Morocco ◽  
Sdr Model

The Ziz Watershed is located in the arid zones of South-Eastern Morocco and belongs to the large basin of Ziz-Rheris. In this basin, floods are related to natural factors and mainly to the occupation of the hydraulic public domain and the human intervention on the courses of the rivers. Increases in sediment yield are observed in many places in the Ziz, dramatically affecting water quality and reservoir management. In order to map overland sediment generation and delivery to the stream (studying the service of sediment retention), the InVEST sediment delivery ratio (SDR) model was applied. The sedimentation analysis in the Hassan Dakhil Dam, located in this watershed, shows that there is a very important erosion rate. The proof is the rapid filling of the dam. This is due to the transport of sediments in the rivers. If this situation continues at the current rate, the dam will no longer be fully operational for irrigation by 2050.

scholarly journals Spatial Structure of a Potential Ecological Network in Nanping, China, Based on Ecosystem Service Functions

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 376
Author(s):  
Ling Xiao ◽  
Li Cui ◽  
Qun’ou Jiang ◽  
Meilin Wang ◽  
Lidan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Landscape Connectivity ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Spatial Pattern Analysis ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Land Type ◽  
Ecological Corridors ◽  
Invest Model ◽  
The North ◽  
Ecological Landscape

The increasing scale of urbanization and human activities has resulted in the fragmentation of natural habitats, leading to the reduction of ecological landscape connectivity and biodiversity. Taking Nanping as the study area, the core areas with good connectivity were extracted as ecological sources using a morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) and landscape connectivity index. Then the ecosystem service functions of the ecological sources were evaluated based on the InVEST model. Finally, we extracted the potential ecological corridor based on the land type, elevation and ecosystem service functions. The results showed that the ecological source with higher landscape connectivity is distributed in the north and there are clear landscape connectivity faults in the northern and southern regions. Moreover, the areas with high habitat quality, soil retention and water production are mainly distributed in the northern ecological source areas. The 15 potential ecological corridors extracted were distributed unevenly. Among them, the important ecological corridors formed a triangle network, while the general ecological corridors were concentrated in the northwest. Therefore, it is suggested that the important core patches in the north be protected, and the effective connection between the north and south be improved. These results can provide a scientific basis for ecological construction and hierarchical management of the ecological networks.

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