scholarly journals Federal Vaccine Policy and Interstate Variation in COVID-19 Vaccine Coverage in India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanchan Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Indian States ◽  
High Coefficient ◽  
State Economy

AbstractIntroductionOn August 13, 2021, India completed 30 weeks of vaccination against COVID-19 for its eligible citizens. While the vaccination has made progress, there has been no study analyzing the federal/union vaccine policy and its effect on vaccination coverage across Indian states. In this context, this study analyses the federal vaccination policy and its effect on interstate variation in vaccine coverage and the correlation of state economy with vaccination coverage.MethodsThe study analyses vaccine policy documents, secondary data on vaccination coverage and state gross domestic product (GDP) available in public domain. ANOVA test has been used to assess the effect of vaccine policy on interstate vaccine coverage and correlation-regression analysis has been conducted to assess the type and strength of association between gross state domestic product and vaccination coverage.ResultsInterstate variation in vaccination coverage in the first 15 weeks was the least (F=3.5), when vaccine procurement and supply was entirely provided by the union/federal government and vaccination was limited to priority groups. However, with the extension of vaccine policy to other groups and reduction in federal government involvement in vaccine procurement, the interstate variation in vaccination coverage increased significantly (F=10.74) by the end of 30 weeks. The highest interstate variation was observed in the period between 23-30 weeks (F=25.31). State GDP was positively and strongly correlated with state vaccination coverage with a high coefficient of correlation (R=0.94) and high coefficient of determination (R2= 0.88).ConclusionsThe study finds that federal procurement and supply of vaccination among prioritized groups has been the best strategy till date to address the inequity in vaccination coverage across the states of India.

scholarly journals COVID-19-related disruptions to routine vaccination services in India: a survey of paediatric providers

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e001060
Author(s):  
Anita Shet ◽  
Baldeep Dhaliwal ◽  
Preetika Banerjee ◽  
Kelly Carr ◽  
Andrea DeLuca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Routine Vaccination ◽  
Indian States ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to disruptions in essential health services globally. We surveyed Indian paediatric providers on their perceptions of the impact of the pandemic on routine vaccination. Among 424 (survey 1) and 141 (survey 2) respondents representing 26 of 36 Indian states and union territories, complete suspension of vaccination services was reported by 33.4% and 7.8%, respectively. In April–June 2020, 83.1% perceived that vaccination services dropped by half, followed by 32.6% in September 2020, indicating slow resumption of services. Concerns that vaccine coverage gaps can lead to mortality were expressed by 76.6%. Concerted multipronged efforts are needed to sustain gains in vaccination coverage.

scholarly journals Pengangguran, Kemiskinan, Tingkat Pendidikan Dan Produk Domestik Regional Bruto

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-38
Author(s):  
Romualdus Turu Putra Maro Djanggo ◽  
Candra Agus Wahyudhi
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Product Value ◽  
Lower Education ◽  
Official Data

The study aims to analyse whether the unemployment, poverty and education factors affect gross Regional domestic product (GDP) in Merauke Regency in 2010-2018. The data used in this study is secondary data. The method of collecting data using secondary data from the official data is issued by the Department of Statistics Central of Merauke District. For data processing is done using SPSS 21 program. The results of this study showed the variables of unemployment, poverty and education for the four districts studied; The slope district, Kurik District, Naukenjerai District and Sota district are simultaneously affecting the value of the gross Regional domestic product (GDP) of Merauke Regency. Result coefficient of determination (R²) 91.7% indicates that the variables of unemployment, poverty, and education have a significant influence on the improvement of the gross Regional domestic product (GDP). From the results of this research can also be concluded that the unemployment variables that affect the change in the value of gross Regional domestic product (GDP) in Merauke District lower education impact on the gross Regional domestic product value ( GDP) is because awareness of the importance of education in this district is still minimal especially in four districts that are carefully  

scholarly journals PENGARUH EKSPOR, IMPOR DAN JUMLAH PENDUDUK TERHADAP PDB INDONESIA TAHUN 1969 -2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-264
Author(s):  
Affandi Affandi ◽  
Eddy Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
The World Bank

This research aims to know the influence of export, import and population against Indonesia gross domestic product. The data used in this research is secondary data from the years 1969-2016 were sourced from a variety of reports and the compilation of the particular publication of the World Bank. The model used was multiple linear regression analysis method using the approach of Generalized Least Square parameter estimation (GLS). The results of calculations indicate that the variable is positive and significant effect of exports to GDP, population of Indonesia a negative and significant effect against Indonesia'S GDP, while imports of influential positive and insignificant to GDP Indonesian. The value of the coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.9464 adj.)show that Indonesia'S GDP amounted to 94.64 percent affected by the Export, import and Population, while the remaining 5.36 percent affected by factors other than this research.Keywords : Import, Export, Population, Gross Domestic Product, Generalized Least SquareAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekspor, impor dan jumlah penduduk terhadap produk domestik bruto Indonesia. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder dari tahun 1969-2016 yang bersumber dari berbagai laporan dan kompilasi khususnya publikasidari World Bank. Model yang digunakan adalah regresi linear berganda dengan metode analisis menggunakan pendekatan estimasi parameter Generalized Least Square (GLS). Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa variabel ekspor berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap PDB Indonesia, jumlah penduduk berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap PDB Indonesia, sedangkan imporberpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap PDB Indonesia. Nilai koefisien determinasi (Adj.R2= 0.9464) Menunjukkan bahwa PDB Indonesia sebesar 94,64 persen dipengaruhi oleh Ekspor, Impor dan Jumlah Penduduk, sedangkan sisanya 5,36 persen dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor lain diluar penelitian ini.Kata Kunci : Impor, Ekspor, Jumlah Penduduk, Produk Domestik Bruto, Generalized Least Square

scholarly journals Febre amarela: cobertura vacinal na região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Juliana Araújo do Espírito Santo ◽  
Keli Bahia Felicíssimo Zocratto
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Yellow Fever Vaccine ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
Belo Horizonte ◽  
Yellow Fever Vaccination

Descrever a cobertura vacinal de febre amarela nos últimos cinco anos (2013 a 2017) nos municípios de Belo Horizonte, Nova Lima e Ribeirão das Neves.  Estudo descritivo onde foram utilizados dados secundários coletados em sites oficiais relativos ao período de 2013 a 2017 para os municípios de Belo Horizonte, Nova Lima e Ribeirão das Neves. No período analisado, foram aplicadas 1.687.937 doses da vacina contra febre amarela, sendo que a cobertura vacinal em Belo Horizonte caiu de 80% para 0,09% no ano de 2014. Observou-se maior concentração de doses aplicadas na faixa etária de 15 a 59 anos. Em idosos as doses aplicadas aumentaram de 1.888 para 68.570 no ano de 2017. Ressalta-se que a vacinação aumentou consideravelmente após o início da epidemia em 2016. Considerando os anos analisados, os três municípios mantiveram a cobertura vacinal próxima da meta determinada pelo Programa Nacional de Imunização.Descritores: Febre Amarela, Vacinação, Epidemia.Yellow fever: vaccine coverage in the metropolitan area of Belo HorizonteAbstract: To describe the vaccination coverage of yellow fever in the last five years (2013 to 2017) in the municipalities of Belo Horizonte, Nova Lima and Ribeirão das Neves. A descriptive study using secondary data collected from official sites for the period from 2013 to 2017 for the municipalities of Belo Horizonte, Nova Lima and Ribeirão das Neves. In the analyzed period, 1,687,937 doses of the yellow fever vaccine were applied, and vaccination coverage in Belo Horizonte fell from 80% to 0.09% in 2014. There was a higher concentration of doses applied in the range from 15 to 59 years. In the elderly, the doses increased from 1,888 to 68,570 in the year 2017. It should be emphasized that vaccination increased considerably after the onset of the epidemic in 2016. Considering the years analyzed, the three municipalities-maintained vaccination coverage close to the goal determined by the National Immunization Program.Descriptors: Yellow Fever, Vaccination, Epidemic.Fiebre Amarilla: cobertura vacunal en la región metropolitana de Belo HorizonteResumen: Describir la cobertura vacunal de fiebre amarilla en los últimos cinco años (2013 a 2017) en los municipios de Belo Horizonte, Nova Lima y Ribeirão das Neves. Estudio descriptivo donde se utilizaron datos secundarios recogidos en sitios oficiales relativos al período de 2013 a 2017 para los municipios de Belo Horizonte, Nova Lima y Ribeirão das Neves. En el período analizado, se aplicaron 1.687.937 dosis de la vacuna contra la fiebre amarilla, siendo que la cobertura vacunal en Belo Horizonte bajó del 80% al 0,09% en el año 2014. Se observó una mayor concentración de dosis aplicadas en el rango de 15 a 59 años. En los ancianos las dosis aplicadas aumentaron de 1.888 a 68.570 en el año 2017. Se resalta que la vacunación aumentó considerablemente después del inicio de la epidemia en 2016. Considerando los años analizados, los tres municipios mantuvieron la cobertura vacunal próxima a la meta determinada por el Programa Nacional de Inmunización.Descriptores: Fiebre Amarilla, Vacunación, Epidemia. 

scholarly journals Estimating the early impact of immunization against COVID-19 on deaths among elderly people in Brazil: analyses of secondary data on vaccine coverage and mortality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar Victora ◽  
Marcia C Castro ◽  
Susie Gurzenda ◽  
Aluisio J D Barros
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
Two Age Groups

ABSTRACTBackgroundImmunization against COVID-19 in Brazil started in January 2021, with health workers and the elderly as the priority groups. We assessed whether there was an impact of immunizations on the mortality of individuals aged 80+ years.MethodsBy April 22, 2021, 147,454 COVID-19 deaths had been reported to the Brazilian Mortality Information System. Denominators for mortality rates were calculated by correcting population estimates for all-cause deaths reported in 2020. Proportionate mortality at ages 80+ and 90+ years relative to deaths at all ages were calculated, and mortality rate ratios compared these two age groups with individuals aged 0-79 years. Vaccine coverage data were obtained from the Ministry of Health vaccination monitoring website. All results were tabulated by two-week periods from epidemiological weeks 1-14, 2021.FindingsAs the P.1 variant spread throughout Brazil, the total number of deaths increased over time starting in epidemiological week 9 of 2021. The proportion of all deaths occurring at ages 80+ years was over 25% in weeks 1-6 and declined rapidly to 13.1% in weeks 13-14. Mortality rates were over 13 times higher in the 80+ years age group compared to that of 0-79 year olds up to week 6, and declined to 6.9 times in weeks 13-14. Coronavac accounted for 77.3% and AstraZeneca for 15.9% of all doses administered. Vaccination coverage (first dose) increased rapidly among individuals aged 80+ years, reaching 49.1% in weeks 5-6 and over 90% after week 9.InterpretationRapid scaling up of vaccination coverage among elderly Brazilians was associated with an important decline in relative mortality compared to younger individuals, in a setting where the P.1 variant predominates. Had mortality rates among the elderly remained proportionate to what was observed up to week 6, an estimated additional 13,824 deaths would have been expected up to week 14.

Influenza vaccination coverage in a population-based cohort of Australian-born Aboriginal and non-Indigenous older adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amalie Dyda ◽  
Surendra Karki ◽  
Marlene Kong ◽  
Heather F Gidding ◽  
John M Kaldor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Torres Strait Islander ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
P Value ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Medical Risk ◽  
Torres Strait

Background: There is limited information on vaccination coverage and characteristics associated with vaccine uptake in Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander adults. We aimed to provide more current estimates of influenza vaccination coverage in Aboriginal adults. Methods: Self-reported vaccination status (n=559 Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander participants, n=80,655 non-Indigenous participants) from the 45 and Up Study, a large cohort of adults aged 45 years or older, was used to compare influenza vaccination coverage in Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander adults with coverage in non-Indigenous adults. Results: Of Aboriginal and non-Indigenous respondents aged 49 to <65 years, age-standardised influenza coverage was respectively 45.2% (95% CI 39.5–50.9%) and 38.5%, (37.9–39.0%), p-value for heterogeneity=0.02. Coverage for Aboriginal and non-Indigenous respondents aged ≥65 years was respectively 67.3% (59.9–74.7%) and 72.6% (72.2–73.0%), p-heterogeneity=0.16. Among Aboriginal adults, coverage was higher in obese than in healthy weight participants (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=2.38, 95%CI 1.44–3.94); in those aged <65 years with a medical risk factor than in those without medical risk factors (aOR=2.13, 1.37–3.30); and in those who rated their health as fair/poor compared to those who rated it excellent (aOR=2.57, 1.26–5.20). Similar associations were found among non-Indigenous adults. Conclusions: In this sample of adults ≥65 years, self-reported influenza vaccine coverage was not significantly different between Aboriginal and non-Indigenous adults whereas in those <65 years, coverage was higher among Aboriginal adults. Overall, coverage in the whole cohort was suboptimal. If these findings are replicated in other samples and in the Australian Immunisation Register, it suggests that measures to improve uptake, such as communication about the importance of influenza vaccine and more effective reminder systems, are needed among adults.

Effect Of Leverage, Inflation And GDP To Share Price Pt. Astra Otoparts Tbk.

ProBank ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Heriyanta Budi Utama ◽  
Florianus Dimas Gunurdya Putra Wardana
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Share Price ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Purposive Sampling

The purpose of this study was to obtain empirical evidence about the effect of leverage, inflation and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the share price at PT. Astra Autopart, Tbk. companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2011-2015. The sampling technique in this study using a purposive sampling. With the technique of purposive  sampling, all the members of the research samples by criteria. Samples that meet the criteria are used research data. Then followed the classic assumption test and test hypotheses by linear regression. The results of this study demonstrate the regression results in regression equation that Y = 2605,424 + 1561,550 X1 + 2,338 X2 + 38,994X3. T test results showed that the leverage anda GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is positive and significant effect on stock prices, while inflation is not positive and significant effect on stock prices. F test results showed that jointly leverage variables, inflation and GDP variables affecting the stock price significantly. The test results R2 (coefficient of determination) found that the variable leverage, inflation and GDP able to explain 35,4% of the stock price variable, while the remaining 64,6% is explained by other variables.Keywords: leverage, inflation, GDP, and the share priceThe purpose of this study was to obtain empirical evidence about the effect of leverage, inflation and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the share price at PT. Astra Autopart, Tbk. companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2011-2015.The sampling technique in this study using a purposive sampling. With the technique of purposive  sampling, all the members of the research samples by criteria. Samples that meet the criteria are used research data. Then followed the classic assumption test and test hypotheses by linear regression.The results of this study demonstrate the regression results in regression equation that Y = 2605,424 + 1561,550 X1 + 2,338 X2 + 38,994X3. T test results showed that the leverage anda GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is positive and significant effect on stock prices, while inflation is not positive and significant effect on stock prices. F test results showed that jointly leverage variables, inflation and GDP variables affecting the stock price significantly. The test results R2 (coefficient of determination) found that the variable leverage, inflation and GDP able to explain 35,4% of the stock price variable, while the remaining 64,6% is explained by other variables.Keywords: leverage, inflation, GDP, and the share price

scholarly journals COVID-19 Infection and Previous BCG Vaccination Coverage in the Ecuadorian Population

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Daniel Garzon-Chavez ◽  
Jackson Rivas-Condo ◽  
Adriana Echeverria ◽  
Jhoanna Mozo ◽  
Emmanuelle Quentin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
National Level ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Low Coverage ◽  
Homologous Amino Acid

The Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) is a well-known vaccine with almost a century of use, with the apparent capability to improve cytokine production and epigenetics changes that could develop a better response to pathogens. It has been postulated that BCG protection against SARS-CoV-2 has a potential role in the pandemic, through the presence of homologous amino acid sequences. To identify a possible link between BCG vaccination coverage and COVID-19 cases, we used official epidemic data and Ecuadorian Ministry of Health and Pan American Health Organization vaccination information. BCG information before 1979 was available only at a national level. Therefore, projections based on the last 20 years were performed, to compare by specific geographic units. We used a Mann–Kendall test to identify BCG coverage variations, and mapping was conducted with a free geographic information system (QGIS). Nine provinces where BCG vaccine coverage was lower than 74.25% show a significant statistical association (χ2 Pearson’s = 4.800, df = 1, p = 0.028), with a higher prevalence of cases for people aged 50 to 64 years than in younger people aged 20 to 49 years. Despite the availability of BCG vaccination data and the mathematical models needed to compare these data with COVID-19 cases, our results show that, in geographic areas where BCG coverage was low, 50% presented a high prevalence of COVID-19 cases that were young; thus, low-coverage years were more affected.

Vaccine Coverage Across the Life Course in Michigan During the COVID-19 Pandemic: January–September 2020

2021 ◽  
pp. e1-e9
Author(s):  
Angela K. Shen ◽  
Cristi A. Bramer ◽  
Lynsey M. Kimmins ◽  
Robert Swanson ◽  
Patricia Vranesich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Immunization Registry ◽  
Immunization Services ◽  
Vaccines For Children ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Impact

Objectives. To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on immunization services across the life course. Methods. In this retrospective study, we used Michigan immunization registry data from 2018 through September 2020 to assess the number of vaccine doses administered, number of sites providing immunization services to the Vaccines for Children population, provider location types that administer adult vaccines, and vaccination coverage for children. Results. Of 12 004 384 individual vaccine doses assessed, 48.6%, 15.6%, and 35.8% were administered to children (aged 0–8 years), adolescents (aged 9–18 years), and adults (aged 19–105 years), respectively. Doses administered overall decreased beginning in February 2020, with peak declines observed in April 2020 (63.3%). Overall decreases in adult doses were observed in all settings except obstetrics and gynecology provider offices and pharmacies. Local health departments reported a 66.4% decrease in doses reported. For children, the total number of sites administering pediatric vaccines decreased while childhood vaccination coverage decreased 4.4% overall and 5.8% in Medicaid-enrolled children. Conclusions. The critical challenge is to return to prepandemic levels of vaccine doses administered as well as to catch up individuals for vaccinations missed. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print October 7, 2021: e1–e9. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306474 )

Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Konversi Lahan Pertanian Sawah ke Non Pertanian di Kabupaten Banyumas Jawa Tengah

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Alpha Nadeira Mandamdari ◽  
Djeimy Kusnaman ◽  
Adwi Herry Koesoema Elyanto
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Analytical Determination ◽  
Population Number

Agricultural land in Banyumas Regency has decreased from year to year due to population and economic growth. The farm rice fields in Banyumas Regency in 2017 were 66.210 hectares, reduced to 63.326 hectares in 2020 or decrease in land area of 4%. This research was aimed to examine the conversion rate of agricultural land in the Banyumas Regency and factors that determine the conversion of agricultural land in the Banyumas Regency. The primary method used was descriptive-analytical. Determination of the research location was using a purposive method in Banyumas Regency. The technique to analyze the data was Linear multiple regression (Ordinary Least Squares). The information which used in this research was secondary data in 2010 – 2020. The variables in this research are conversion of agricultural land, population, number of industries, Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), and Farmer’s terms of trade (FTT). This research shows that the conversion rate of agricultural land in Banyumas Regency is 8,45%, meaning that the average of arm rice fields in Banyumas regency for the last ten years (2010 – 2020) has decreased by 8,45%. The multiple linear regression analysis shows that the variables number of population, number of industry, and Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) have a significant and positive effect on the conversion of agricultural land in Banyumas Regency. Farmer’s terms of trade (FTT) do not significantly affect agricultural land conversion in Banyumas Regency.

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