scholarly journals AgRP neurons coordinate the mitigation of activity-based anorexia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ames K. Sutton ◽  
Sean C. Duane ◽  
Ahmed M. Shamma ◽  
Anna Skillings ◽  
Michael J. Krashes
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Inhibitory Response ◽  
Maladaptive Behaviors ◽  
Interpellet Interval ◽  
Metabolic Phenotypes ◽  
Voluntary Running ◽  
Low Body Mass Index ◽  
And Function

AbstractAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a debilitating and deadly disease characterized by low body mass index due to diminished food intake, and oftentimes concurrent hyperactivity. A high percentage of AN behavioral and metabolic phenotypes can be replicated in rodents given access to a voluntary running wheel and subject to food restriction, termed activity-based anorexia (ABA). Despite the well-documented body weight loss observed in AN human patients and ABA rodents, much less is understood regarding the neurobiological underpinnings of these maladaptive behaviors. Moreover, while exercise has been shown to diminish the activity of hunger-promoting hypothalamic agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons, much less is known regarding their activity and function in the mediation of food intake during ABA. Here, feeding microstructure analysis revealed ABA mice decreased food intake due to increased interpellet interval retrieval and diminished meal number. Longitudinal activity recordings of AgRP neurons in ABA animals revealed a maladaptive inhibitory response to food. We then demonstrated that ABA development or progression can be mitigated by chemogenetic AgRP activation through the reprioritization of food intake (increased meal number) over hyperactivity. These results elucidate a potential neural target for the amelioration of behavioral maladaptations present in AN patients.

scholarly journals Effects of Acupuncture for Anorexia and Dietary Intake Loss in Cachexia Patients With Advanced Respiratory Illness (Pilot Study)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomonori Maekura ◽  
Ryoji Maekura ◽  
Keisuke Miki ◽  
Mari Miki ◽  
Seigo Kitada
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Low Body Mass Index ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Abstract Background: Weight loss and low body mass index with cachexia are serious and refractory clinical conditions in patients with advanced chronic respiratory disease. This pilot study aimed to determine whether acupuncture improves dietary intake through increased appetite stimulation, and nutritional biomarkers, in cachectic patients with advanced respiratory illness.Methods: This study used a single-arm, open experimental design, and was conducted among hospitalized patients whose dietary intake was extremely decreased due to poor appetite. Food intake, and biomarkers were evaluated before and after acupuncture (3 times a week for 3 weeks). Results: Ten patients (age: 70.5 years [interquartile range (IQR): 68.7–75.8 years], 50% females) completed the acupuncture treatment. Significant improvements in appetite loss (visual analog scale [VAS]: 58.6 mm [42–83 mm] to 37.2 mm [19.5–50.8 mm], p = 0.0039), amount of food intake (1461 Kcal/day [1204–1620 Kcal/day] to 1696 Kcal/day [1443–2047 Kcal/day], p = 0.0039), and serum nutritional biomarker (albumin: 3.3 g/dL [3–3.8 g/dL] to 3.5 [3.3–3.7 g/dL], p = 0.0293; pre-albumin: 14.4 mg/dL [10–19.5 mg/dL] to 16.7 mg/dL [11.1–21.6 mg/dL], p = 0.0137) were observed after acupuncture. Body weight loss (0 kg [-1.4 to 1.75 kg], p = 0.0078, 0% [-3.25% to 4.7%], p = 0.0078) 6 months after acupuncture was significantly improved versus 6 months before acupuncture (-3.8 kg [-6.4 to -0.3 kg], -5.2% [-11.8% to -0.83%]). Conclusions: Short-term acupuncture may be a novel and safe treatment for improving the appetite and nutritional status of cachectic patients with advanced chronic respiratory illness. Trial registration: UMIN000044859; Date of registration: July 14, 2021-Retrospectively registered; https://www.umin.ac.jp/

The effects of ileal transposition on food intake and body weight loss in VMH-obese rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
H S Koopmans ◽  
A Sclafani ◽  
C Fichtner ◽  
P F Aravich
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Ileal Transposition ◽  
Obese Rats

Differential effects of food restriction on pituitary-testicular function in mice

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (2) ◽  
pp. R181-R189 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Blank ◽  
C. Desjardins
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Wheel Running ◽  
Temporal Organization ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Testicular Function ◽  
Running Activity ◽  
Wheel Running Activity

The reproductive responses of two species of wild rodents, house mice and deer mice, were evaluated following a 30% reduction in food intake for 5 wk. These animal models were chosen as prototypes of other rodent species because each employs unique functional adjustments when confronted with reduced resources in their natural habitats. Modest inanition failed to alter pituitary-testicular function in house mice; neither spermatogenesis nor plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone were modified. In sharp distinction, deer mice exposed to restricted food intake showed significant reductions in plasma LH and testosterone and an accompanying loss in spermatogenesis. Reduced food intake also caused pronounced shifts in the temporal organization and amount of wheel-running activity in both animal models, albeit in a dichotomous fashion. House mice exhibited the same amount of wheel-running activity throughout inanition, but the diel periodicity of locomotor behavior was shifted from the dark to the light period. Deer mice, in comparison, significantly curtailed wheel-running activity during the dark hours but ran in precise phase relationship with the light-dark cycle. Taken together, our results establish that the male reproductive system and its supporting neuroendocrine and behavioral correlates can be disrupted by modest levels of food restriction in certain animal models.

Gastric Bypass Surgery Causes Body Weight Loss Without Reducing Food Intake in Rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne W. Furnes ◽  
Karin Tømmerås ◽  
Carl-Jørgen Arum ◽  
Chun-Mei Zhao ◽  
Duan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Gastric Bypass Surgery ◽  
Body Weight Loss

Effect of voluntary exercise and food restriction in response to lipopolysaccharide in hamsters

1995 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 466-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Conn ◽  
W. E. Kozak ◽  
P. C. Tooten ◽  
E. Gruys ◽  
K. T. Borer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Voluntary Exercise ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Colorimetric Analysis ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Voluntary Running ◽  
Growth Assay

We tested the hypothesis that voluntary running and moderate food restriction alter the acute phase response (APR), one index of nonspecific immune function. Hamsters were kept sedentary or permitted to run and were fed ad libitum or had food restricted for 20 days and were then injected intraperitoneally with saline or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Fever and circulating interleukin-6, serum amyloid A (SAA), serum iron, and cortisol were measured by biotelemetry, B-9 cell growth assay, indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, colorimetric analysis, and radioimmunoassay, respectively. The febrile temperature; hypoferremia; and elevation of circulating interleukin-6, SAA, and cortisol after LPS injection were not altered by exercise. Because baseline temperatures were elevated in the exercised hamsters, the change in temperature in response to LPS was less than it was in the sedentary hamsters. Food restriction significantly decreased SAA and elevated cortisol after LPS injection and depressed the absolute temperature to which the core temperature rose in response to LPS in one trial but not in another. Because food restriction depressed baseline temperatures, it also affected the change in temperature after LPS injection. The hypoferremic response to LPS was inhibited in hamsters that were both food restricted and permitted to run. We conclude that exercise does not enhance the APR to a low dose of LPS, whereas food restriction and the combination of exercise and food restriction depress some portions of the APR in hamsters.

A comparison of the effects of body condition and short-term food restriction on the feeding behaviour of sheep

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 174-174
Author(s):  
A.M. Sibbald
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Single Meal

Voluntary food intake is generally inversely related to body condition or fatness in mature sheep (Foot, 1972). Since the intake of pelleted diets by housed sheep consists of a number of discrete feeding bouts or 'meals' (e.g. Bermudez et al., 1989), the relatively long-term effect of body condition on intake will be achieved through changes in feeding behaviour at the level of a single meal. The aim of this experiment was to compare the effects of body condition and short-term food restriction on meal patterns in sheep, to investigate the mechanism by which body condition influences daily food intake.

scholarly journals Metabolic adaptation and hormonal regulation in young rabbit does during long-term caloric restriction and subsequent compensatory growth

2004 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Rommers ◽  
C. Boiti ◽  
G. Brecchia ◽  
R. Meijerhof ◽  
J. P. T. M. Noordhuizen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids

AbstractAn experiment was performed to assess the metabolic adaptation and hormonal regulation in young female rabbits during long-term food restriction and subsequent compensatory growth during rearing. Feeding level was either ad libitum (AL, no. = 52) or restricted (R, no. = 52). From 6 to 12 weeks of age, food intake ofR was kept at a constant level. This resulted in an increase in relative restriction as compared with AL to 0-54of AL intake at 12 weeks of age (restriction period). Thereafter food intake gradually increased to 0-95 of AL at 17 weeks of age (recovery period). During the last 5 days before insemination at 17-5 weeks of age, all animals were fed to appetite. Blood samples were taken weekly from 6 to 17 weeks of age from 11 animals in each group. Growth rate of R was reduced during the restricted period (29 (s.d. 2) v. 44 (s.d. 5) g/day for R and AL, respectively; P 0-05), but was higher in the recovery period (30 (s.d. 3) v. 27 (s.d. 4) g/day, respectively; P<0-05). At first insemination, AL rabbits were heavier than R (4202 (s.d. 388) v. 3798 (s.d. 220) g, respectively; P < 0-001). During the restricted period, plasma glucose was constantly lower (P < 0-05) in R. Insulin levels paralleled those of glucose, being lower (P < 0-05) in R than in AL. Restriction reduced (P < 0-05) circulating corticosterone and tri-iodothyronine (T3) levels in R. Leptin, non-esterified fatty acids, and plasma urea nitrogen levels were similar for AL and R during food restriction, whereas triglycerides were similar until 10 weeks of age, after which the levels were lower in R. During the recovery period, the food intake of the R but not AL rabbits increased. Insulin was the only hormone in R rabbits that had returned to levels found in AL rabbits by the 2nd week of the recovery period. Glucose, T3, and corticosterone levels returned to levels found in AL rabbits between 3 to 4 weeks after refeeding. Non-esterified fatty acids, triglycerides, and leptin were higher (P < 0-05) in AL rabbits from 13 weeks of age onwards. The pattern of changes in the endocrine status during food restriction and compensatory growth in rabbits do conform with those from other species, although some specific changes may vary depending on the severity of food restriction and its duration.

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