scholarly journals Mask Interventions in K12 Schools Can Also Reduce Community Transmission in Fall 2021

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica A. Mele ◽  
Erik Rosenstrom ◽  
Julie Ivy ◽  
Maria Mayorga ◽  
Mehul D Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
High Quality ◽  
System Planning ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
School Settings ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
The Impact

The dominance of the COVID-19 Delta variant has renewed questions about the impact of K12 school policies, including the role of masks, on disease burden. A recent study showed masks and testing could reduce infections in students, but failed to address the impact on the community, while another showed masking is critical to slow disease spread in communities, but did not consider school openings under Delta. We project the impact of school-masking on the community, which can inform policy decisions, and support healthcare system planning. Our findings indicate that the implementation of masking policies in school settings can reduce additional infections post-school opening by 23-36% for fully-open schools, with an additional 11-13% reduction for hybrid schooling, depending on mask quality and fit. Masking policies and hybrid schooling can also reduce peak hospitalization need by 71% and result in the fewest additional deaths post-school opening. We show that given the current vaccination rates within the community, the best option for children and the general population is to employ consistent high-quality masking, and use social distancing where possible.

scholarly journals Initial coin offerings and the cryptocurrency hype - the moderating role of exogenous and endogenous signals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdinand Thies ◽  
Sören Wallbach ◽  
Michael Wessel ◽  
Markus Besler ◽  
Alexander Benlian
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Academic Interest ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ventures ◽  
Asset Class ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Initial Coin Offerings

AbstractInitial coin offerings (ICOs) have recently emerged as a new financing instrument for entrepreneurial ventures, spurring economic and academic interest. Nevertheless, the impact of exogenous and endogenous signals on the performance of ICOs as well as the effects of the cryptocurrency hype and subsequent downfall of Bitcoin between 2016 and 2019 remain underexplored. We applied ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions based on a dataset containing 1597 ICOs that covers almost 2.5 years. The results show that exogenous and endogenous signals have a significant effect on the funds raised in ICOs. We also find that the Bitcoin price heavily drives the performance of ICOs. However, this hype effect is moderated, as high-quality ICOs are not pegged to these price developments. Revealing the interplay between hypes and signals in the ICO’s asset class should broaden the discussion of this emerging digital phenomenon.

Human capital assessment model based on a single digital platformof scientific and educational resources

2021 ◽  
pp. 107-120
Author(s):  
Viktor Medennikov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Quality Education ◽  
Educational Resources ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quality Education ◽  
The Impact

The article substantiates the need to re-evaluate the role of human capital in the development of society in the digital age. Since high-quality education is the main direction of the formation of human capital in any country, the importance of creating an information space for scientific and educational institutions is demonstrated. A methodology for assessing the level of human capital on the basis of information scientific and educational resources is proposed. The author presents results of calculations obtained by this method on the example of agricultural educational institutions and a mathematical model for assessing the impact of human capital on the socio-economic situation of the regions.

scholarly journals The role of children in the transmission chain of SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and update of current evidence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan E. Suk ◽  
Constantine Vardavas ◽  
Katerina Nikitara ◽  
Revati Phalkey ◽  
Jo Leonardi-Bee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
School Closures ◽  
School Settings ◽  
Transmission Chain ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
Index Cases

AbstractDecisions on school closures and on safe schooling during the COVID-19 pandemic should be evidence-based. We conducted a systematic literature review to assess child-to-child and child-to-adult SARS-CoV-2 transmission and to characterise the potential role of school closures on community transmission. 1337 peer-reviewed articles published through August 31, 2020 were screened; 22 were included in this review. The literature appraised provides sufficient evidence that children can both be infected by and transmit SARS-CoV-2 in community, household and school settings. Transmission by children was most frequently documented in household settings, while examples of children as index cases in school settings were rare. Included studies suggested that school closures may help to reduce SARS- CoV-2 transmission, but the societal, economic, and educational impacts of prolonged school closures must be considered. In-school mitigation measures, alongside continuous surveillance and assessment of emerging evidence, will promote the protection and educational attainment of students and support the educational workforce.

Use Of A Mobile Cart Influenza Program For Vaccination Of Hospital Employees

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 918-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Sartor ◽  
Herve Tissot-Dupont ◽  
Christine Zandotti ◽  
Francoise Martin ◽  
Pierre Roques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Associate Professor ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Vaccination Acceptance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Haenszel Test

AbstractObjective:Rates of annual influenza vaccination of healthcare workers (HCWs) remained low in our university hospital. This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of a mobile cart influenza vaccination program on HCW vaccination.Methods:From 2000 to 2002, the employee health service continued its annual influenza vaccination program and the mobile cart program was implemented throughout the institution. This program offered influenza vaccination to all employees directly on the units. Each employee completed a questionnaire. Vaccination rates were analyzed using the Mantel–Haenszel test.Results:The program proposed vaccination to 50% to 56% of the employees. Among the nonvaccinated employees, 52% to 53% agreed to be vaccinated. The compliance with vaccination varied from 61% to 77% among physicians and medical students and from 38% to 55% among nurses and other employees. Vaccination of the chief or associate professor of the unit was associated with a higher vaccination rate of the medical staff (P < .01). Altogether, the vaccination program led to an increase in influenza vaccination among employees from 6% in 1998 and 7% in 1999 before the mobile cart program to 32% in 2000, 35% in 2001, and 32% in 2002 (P < .001).Conclusions:The mobile cart program was associated with a significantly increased vaccination acceptance. Our study was able to identify HCW groups for which the mobile cart was effective and highlight the role of the unit head in its success.

scholarly journals Contribution of vaccines to our understanding of pneumococcal disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 (1579) ◽  
pp. 2790-2798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith P. Klugman
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Pneumococcal Serotypes ◽  
Pneumococcal Infections ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Recent Demonstration

Pneumonia is the leading cause of mortality in children in developing countries and is also the leading infectious cause of death in adults. The most important cause of pneumonia is the Gram-positive bacterial pathogen, Streptococcus pneumoniae , also known as the pneumococcus. It has thus become the leading vaccine-preventable cause of death and is a successful and diverse human pathogen. The development of conjugate pneumococcal vaccines has made possible the prevention of pneumococcal disease in infants, but has also elucidated aspects of pneumococcal biology in a number of ways. Use of the vaccine as a probe has increased our understanding of the burden of pneumococcal disease in children globally. Vaccination has also elucidated the clinical spectrum of vaccine-preventable pneumococcal infections; the identification of a biological niche for multiple pneumococcal serotypes in carriage and the differential invasiveness of pneumococcal serotypes; the impact of pneumococcal transmission among children on disease burden in adults; the role of carriage as a precursor to pneumonia; the plasticity of a naturally transformable pathogen to respond to selective pressure through capsular switching and the accumulation of antibiotic-resistance determinants; and the role of pneumococcal infections in hospitalization and mortality associated with respiratory viral infections, including both seasonal and pandemic influenza. Finally, there has been a recent demonstration that pneumococcal pneumonia in children may be an important cause of hospitalization for those with underlying tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Effect of Scientific Approach toward Students' Critical Thinking Skills

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Triyani Triyani ◽  
Lovy Herayanti ◽  
Syifaul Gummah
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Critical Thinking Skills ◽  
Test Results ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
The Impact

The role of education is to improve the quality of education, especially in producing high-quality students. High-quality students are those who are able to think critically, creatively, logically and take initiatives in responding to issues in society caused by the impact of the development of science and technology. This study aims to determine the effect of a scientific approach to students' critical thinking skills. This study is an experimental research with one group pretest-posttest design. The sample of this study consisted of one class (28 students), which was treated using a scientific approach. Critical thinking skills are measured using a test instrument and then analyzed statistically (t test). Hypothesis test results indicate that there is an effect of using a scientific approach toward students' critical thinking skills.

scholarly journals Modeling disease spread in populations with birth, death, and concurrency

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel C. Miller ◽  
Anja C. Slim
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Model ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Concurrent Partnerships ◽  
Equilibrium Size ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Concurrent Relationships

AbstractThe existence of sexual partnerships that overlap in time (concurrent relationships) is believed by some to be a significant contributing factor to the spread of HIV, although this is controversial. We derive an analytic model which allows us to investigate and compare disease spread in populations with and without concurrency. We can identify regions of parameter space in which its impact is negligible, and other regions in which it plays a major role. We also see that the impact of concurrency on the initial growth phase can be much larger than its impact on the equilibrium size. We see that the effect of concurrency saturates, which leads to the perhaps surprising conclusion that interventions targeting concurrency may be most effective in populations with low to moderate levels of concurrency.Author SummaryWe consider the spread of an infectious disease through a population modeled by a dynamic network with demographic turnover. We develop a stochastic model of the disease and derive governing equations that exactly predict the large population (deterministic) limit of the stochastic model. We use this to investigate the role of concurrency and find that interventions targeting concurrency may be most effective in populations with lower levels of concurrency.Our model is not intended to be an accurate representation of any single population. Rather it is intended to give general insights for intervention design and to provide a framework which can be further specialized to particular populations.This model is the first model to allow for analytic investigation of the impact of concurrent partnerships in a population exhibiting demographic turnover. Thus it will be useful for investigating the “concurrency hypothesis.”

Water in Students’ Life and its Impact on their Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
Grygoriy P. Griban ◽  
Olena V. Filatova ◽  
Anatolii I. Bosenko ◽  
Ganna V. Tamozhanska ◽  
Andrii M. Lytvynenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Quality ◽  
National University ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Aim: Is to study the role of water in the life of students and to investigate the impact of its quality on the health of students who did sports. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at Polissya National University (Zhytomyr, Ukraine) in 2018-2020. Thus, 509 students between the ages of 17 and 23 who did not do sports and 317 student-athletes were surveyed. The level of students’ health was examined according to the methodology of G.L. Apanasenko. Results: It was found that the majority of students who did not do sport (97.5% of males and 96.7% of females) did not stick to the water consumption schedule, while 50.8% of males and 52.2% of females who did sport followed strict norms of the water consumption schedule to maintain water balance. According to most health indicators, students-athletes had better average values of the studied indicators than those students did not do sport. Conclusions: Water plays an important role in the lives of students and especially those students who do sport. High-quality water, sticking to water consumption schedule, especially during prolonged physical exercise and at high temperatures have a positive effect on the body and improve the health of students.

Trauma symptoms contribute to daily experiential avoidance: Does partner support mitigate risk?

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 322-341
Author(s):  
Molly R. Franz ◽  
Rebecca L. Brock ◽  
David DiLillo
Keyword(s):  
Experiential Avoidance ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Partner Support ◽  
Trauma Symptoms ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Trauma Symptom ◽  
Latent Trajectory ◽  
Latent Trajectory Modeling ◽  
The Impact

Objective: The present study examined the protective role of partner support in reducing daily experiential avoidance (EA) associated with trauma symptoms in a sample of 154 couples during pregnancy. Background: Although psychological distress during pregnancy may hinder the developing bond between parents and infants after birth, high quality intimate partner support has the potential to enhance psychological wellbeing during pregnancy, particularly in the context of trauma. Specifically, partner support might mitigate the impact of trauma symptoms on maladaptive coping strategies such as EA by enabling individuals to safely encounter their distress. Method: Participants completed a semi-structured clinical interview of support and a PTSD symptom inventory, followed by home surveys of EA over 14 days. We examined growth trajectories of EA over 14 days using latent trajectory modeling within a dyadic framework. Results: Trauma symptom severity was associated with higher levels of EA across the 2 weeks; however, among women, the impact of trauma symptoms on EA was no longer significant when support from a partner was above average quality or higher. Findings also revealed partner effects; to the extent that women reported higher levels of trauma symptoms, their partners had higher levels of EA. Conclusion: Findings highlight the protective role of high quality support from intimate partners and suggest that trauma-related interventions targeting partner support processes, especially those implemented during pregnancy, might enhance recovery and prevent further distress and dysfunction among pregnant women experiencing trauma symptoms.

scholarly journals Characteristics of oxygen concentration and the role of correction factor in real-time GI breath test

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e000640
Author(s):  
Siu Man Lee ◽  
Imogen H E Falconer ◽  
Trudi Madden ◽  
Peter O Laidler
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Correction Factor ◽  
Breath Test ◽  
False Negative ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Breath Sample ◽  
Quality Marker ◽  
Breath Measurement ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveA high quality end-expiratory breath sample is required for a reliable gastrointestinal breath test result. Oxygen (O2) concentration in the breath sample can be used as a quality marker. This study investigated the characteristics of O2 concentration in the breath sample and the impact of using a correction factor in real-time breath measurement.DesignThis study includes two separate groups of patient data. Part 1 of the study analysed the patient’s ability to deliver end-expiratory breath samples over a 2-year period (n=564). Part 2 of the study analysed a separate group of patients (n=47) with additional data to investigate the O2 characteristics and the role of correction factor in breath test.ResultsThe results indicated 95.4% of 564 patients were able to achieve an O2 concentration below 14% in their end-expiratory breath. Part 2 of the study revealed that the distribution of O2 concentration was between 9.5% and 16.2%. Applying a correction factor to predict the end-expiratory H2 and CH4 values led to an average measurement error of −36.4% and −12.8%, respectively.ConclusionThe majority of patients are able to deliver a high quality end-expiratory breath sample, regardless of age or gender. The correction factor algorithm is unreliable when predicting the end-expiratory result at 15% O2 and it would have resulted in false negative result for 50% of the positive cases in this study. It has also indicated that the continuous O2 measurement is essential to ensure breath sample quality by preventing secondary breathing during real-time breath collection.

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