scholarly journals Deficiency of Irx5 protects mice from diet-induced obesity and associated metabolic abnormalities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Son ◽  
Kyoung-Han Kim ◽  
Chi-chung Hui
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Body Mass Composition ◽  
Polygenic Obesity

Obesity, a leading cause of several metabolic abnormalities, is mainly due to an imbalance of energy homeostasis. IRX3 and IRX5 have been suggested as determinants of obesity in connection with the intronic variants of FTO, the strongest genetic risk factor of polygenic obesity in humans. Although the causal effects of Irx3 on obesity and its related metabolic consequences have been demonstrated in vivo, the metabolic function of Irx5 remains unclear. In this study, using mice homozygous for an Irx5-knockout (Irx5KO) allele, we show a direct link between Irx5 expression and regulation of body mass/composition and energy homeostasis. Irx5KO mice are leaner and resistant to diet-induced obesity and associated metabolic abnormalities, primarily through the loss of adiposity with an increase in basal metabolic rate with adipose thermogenesis and lower food intake. Furthermore, our long-term feeding analysis found that Irx3 mutant mouse lines also have less food intake, indicating that lower caloric intake also contributes to their lean phenotype. Together, these results demonstrate that Irx5 is critical for energy homeostasis and regulation of body mass/composition and suggest that it likely acts in other tissues beyond adipocytes.

Body mass, composition, and food intake in rabbits during altered acceleration fields

1978 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Katovich ◽  
A. H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Mass Analysis ◽  
Acceleration Field ◽  
Earth Gravity ◽  
Gravitational Loading ◽  
Loading And Unloading ◽  
Body Mass Composition

The effects of gravitational loading and unloading on body mass, body composition, and food intake were investigated in chronically accelerated adult male rabbits. The intensity of the acceleration field was increased by 0.25-G increments at intervals that permitted stabilization of body mass and food intake to a maximal field of 2.5 G. Control rabbits of the same age were maintained at Earth gravity under the same conditions of light and temperature. A negative rectilinear relationship was observed between body mass and the intensity of acceleration field. In spite of this, the decreased body mass appeared to be regulated, since centrifuged animals readily regained their lost body mass upon realimentation after a 3-day fast. At acceleration intensities above 1.75 G, ad libitum food intakes as well as maintenance food requirements increased with increasing acceleration fields despite a corresponding reduction in body mass. Analysis of body composition indicated a significant decrease in body fat and an increase in body water in animals adapted to a 2.5-G environment. Within 6 wk after the animals were returned from 2.5 G to Earth gravity, body mass and food intakes returned to the precentrifuged levels of corresponding control animals.

scholarly journals Analysis of Relationship between the Body Mass Composition and Physical Activity with Body Posture in Children

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Wyszyńska ◽  
Justyna Podgórska-Bednarz ◽  
Justyna Drzał-Grabiec ◽  
Maciej Rachwał ◽  
Joanna Baran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Posture ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Body Mass Composition ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction. Excessive body mass in turn may contribute to the development of many health disorders including disorders of musculoskeletal system, which still develops intensively at that time.Aim. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between children’s body mass composition and body posture. The relationship between physical activity level of children and the parameters characterizing their posture was also evaluated.Material and Methods. 120 school age children between 11 and 13 years were enrolled in the study, including 61 girls and 59 boys. Each study participant had the posture evaluated with the photogrammetric method using the projection moiré phenomenon. Moreover, body mass composition and the level of physical activity were evaluated.Results. Children with the lowest content of muscle tissue showed the highest difference in the height of the inferior angles of the scapulas in the coronal plane. Children with excessive body fat had less slope of the thoracic-lumbar spine, greater difference in the depth of the inferior angles of the scapula, and greater angle of the shoulder line. The individuals with higher level of physical activity have a smaller angle of body inclination.Conclusion. The content of muscle tissue, adipose tissue, and physical activity level determines the variability of the parameter characterizing the body posture.

scholarly journals Anthropometric and body-mass composition suggests an intrinsic feature in Williams-Beuren syndrome

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 667-671
Author(s):  
Roberto José Negrão Nogueira ◽  
Leonardo Ferreira Zimmerman ◽  
Yara Maria Franco Moreno ◽  
Cláudia Regina Comparini ◽  
Danilo Vilela Viana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Body Mass Composition ◽  
Intrinsic Feature

scholarly journals Urinary Incontinence and Nocturia in Older Men: Associations with Body Mass, Composition and Strength in the Health ABC Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 202 (5) ◽  
pp. 1015-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott R. Bauer ◽  
Barbara Grimes ◽  
Anne M. Suskind ◽  
Peggy M. Cawthon ◽  
Steven Cummings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Body Mass Composition

scholarly journals Structure–Activity Relationships of the Tetrapeptide Ac-His-Arg-(pI)DPhe-Tic-NH2 at the Mouse Melanocortin Receptors: Modification at the (pI)DPhe Position Leads to mMC3R Versus mMC4R Selective Ligands

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1463
Author(s):  
Katherine N. Schlasner ◽  
Mark D. Ericson ◽  
Skye R. Doering ◽  
Katie T. Freeman ◽  
Mary Weinrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Biological Pathways ◽  
Melanocortin Receptors ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Selective Ligands ◽  
Selective Agonists

The five melanocortin receptors (MC1R–MC5R) are involved in numerous biological pathways, including steroidogenesis, pigmentation, and food intake. In particular, MC3R and MC4R knockout mice suggest that the MC3R and MC4R regulate energy homeostasis in a non-redundant manner. While MC4R-selective agonists have been utilized as appetite modulating agents, the lack of MC3R-selective agonists has impeded progress in modulating this receptor in vivo. In this study, the (pI)DPhe position of the tetrapeptide Ac-His-Arg-(pI)DPhe-Tic-NH2 (an MC3R agonist/MC4R antagonist ligand) was investigated with a library of 12 compounds. The compounds in this library were found to have higher agonist efficacy and potency at the mouse (m) MC3R compared to the MC4R, indicating that the Arg-DPhe motif preferentially activates the mMC3R over the mMC4R. This observation may be used in the design of new MC3R-selective ligands, leading to novel probe and therapeutic lead compounds that will be useful for treating metabolic disorders.

scholarly journals Effects of pair-feeding and growth hormone treatment on obese transgenic rats

2002 ◽  
pp. 245-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Furuhata ◽  
K Hirabayashi ◽  
T Yonezawa ◽  
M Takahashi ◽  
M Nishihara
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Transgenic Rats ◽  
Serum Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Fat Accumulation

BACKGROUND: It has been shown that GH-deficient subjects tend to have fat accumulation. We have produced human GH (hGH) transgenic rats that exhibit low circulating hGH levels and hyperphagia. These rats are also characterized by severe obesity, hyperinsulinemia and hyperlipidemia. OBJECTIVE: The present study was conducted in order to elucidate how excess caloric intake and impaired GH secretion account for fat accumulation and metabolic abnormalities in the transgenic rats. DESIGN AND METHODS: The transgenic rats were subjected to either pair-feeding with non-transgenic controls or hGH treatment from 4 to 12 weeks of age, and the effects on fat accumulation and some metabolic parameters were assessed. RESULTS: At the age of 12 weeks, body weight and food intake were greater in transgenic than in control rats by 10% and 27% respectively. The ratio of epididymal white adipose tissue weight to body weight (WAT/BW) was more than three times greater in transgenic than in control rats. Although pair-feeding for 8 weeks decreased body weight, it did not affect the WAT/BW ratio. Treatment with hGH affected neither body weight nor food intake, while it reduced the WAT/BW ratio by 30%. Serum concentrations of triglyceride, free fatty acid, insulin and leptin were all significantly higher in the transgenic than in the control rats. Pair-feeding decreased serum triglyceride, insulin and leptin levels, but not serum free fatty acid levels. On the other hand, hGH treatment decreased only serum leptin concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that severe fat accumulation in the transgenic rats mainly resulted from the decreased lipolytic action of GH, while metabolic abnormalities mainly resulted from excess caloric intake.

scholarly journals The Antiobesity Effects of Centrally Administered Neuromedin U and Neuromedin S Are Mediated Predominantly by the Neuromedin U Receptor 2 (NMUR2)

Endocrinology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 150 (7) ◽  
pp. 3101-3109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Peier ◽  
Jennifer Kosinski ◽  
Kimberly Cox-York ◽  
Ying Qian ◽  
Kunal Desai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Central Administration ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Inhibit Food Intake ◽  
Selective Agonists ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Deficient Mice

Neuromedin U (NMU) and neuromedin S (NMS) are structurally related neuropeptides that have been reported to modulate energy homeostasis. Pharmacological data have shown that NMU and NMS inhibit food intake when administered centrally and that NMU increases energy expenditure. Additionally, NMU-deficient mice develop obesity, whereas transgenic mice overexpressing NMU are lean and hypophagic. Two high-affinity NMU/NMS receptors, NMUR1 and NMUR2, have been identified. NMUR1 is predominantly expressed in the periphery, whereas NMUR2 is predominantly expressed in the brain, suggesting that the effects of centrally administered NMU and NMS are mediated by NMUR2. To evaluate the role of NMUR2 in the regulation of energy homeostasis, we characterized NMUR2-deficient (Nmur2−/−) mice. Nmur2−/− mice exhibited a modest resistance to diet-induced obesity that was at least in part due to reduced food intake. Acute central administration of NMU and NMS reduced food intake in wild-type but not in Nmur2−/− mice. The effects on activity and core temperature induced by centrally administered NMU were also absent in Nmur2−/− mice. Moreover, chronic central administration of NMU and NMS evoked significant reductions in body weight and sustained reductions in food intake in mice. In contrast, Nmur2−/− mice were largely resistant to these effects. Collectively, these data demonstrate that the anorectic and weight-reducing actions of centrally administered NMU and NMS are mediated predominantly by NMUR2, suggesting that NMUR2-selective agonists may be useful for the treatment of obesity.

scholarly journals Relationship between Body Mass Composition, Bone Mineral Density, Skin Fibrosis and 25(OH) Vitamin D Serum Levels in Systemic Sclerosis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e0137912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Addolorata Corrado ◽  
Ripalta Colia ◽  
Angiola Mele ◽  
Valeria Di Bello ◽  
Antonello Trotta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
25 Oh Vitamin D ◽  
Body Mass Composition

Effects of In-Season (5 Weeks) Creatine and Pyruvate Supplementation on Anaerobic Performance and Body Composition in American Football Players

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Stone ◽  
Kimberly Sanborn ◽  
Lucille L. Smith ◽  
Harold S. O'Bryant ◽  
Tommy Hoke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
American Football ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Supplementation Period ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Body Mass Composition

The purpose of this investigation was to study the efficacy of two dietary supplements on measures of body mass, body composition, and performance in 42 American football players. Group CM (n = 9) received creatine monohy-drate, Group P (n = 11) received calcium pyruvate. Group COM (n = 11) received a combination of calcium pyruvate (60%) and creatine (40%), and Group PL received a placebo. Tests were performed before (Tl) and after (T2) the 5-week supplementation period, during which the subjects continued their normal training schedules. Compared to P and PL. CM and COM showed significantly greater increases for body mass, lean body mass, 1 repetition maximum (RM) bench press, combined 1 RM squat and bench press, and static vertical jump (SVJ) power output. Peak rate of force development for SVJ was significantly greater for CM compared to P and PL. Creatine and the combination supplement enhanced training adaptations associated with body mass/composition, maximum strength, and SVJ; however, pyruvate supplementation alone was ineffective.

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