Body mass, composition, and food intake in rabbits during altered acceleration fields

The effects of gravitational loading and unloading on body mass, body composition, and food intake were investigated in chronically accelerated adult male rabbits. The intensity of the acceleration field was increased by 0.25-G increments at intervals that permitted stabilization of body mass and food intake to a maximal field of 2.5 G. Control rabbits of the same age were maintained at Earth gravity under the same conditions of light and temperature. A negative rectilinear relationship was observed between body mass and the intensity of acceleration field. In spite of this, the decreased body mass appeared to be regulated, since centrifuged animals readily regained their lost body mass upon realimentation after a 3-day fast. At acceleration intensities above 1.75 G, ad libitum food intakes as well as maintenance food requirements increased with increasing acceleration fields despite a corresponding reduction in body mass. Analysis of body composition indicated a significant decrease in body fat and an increase in body water in animals adapted to a 2.5-G environment. Within 6 wk after the animals were returned from 2.5 G to Earth gravity, body mass and food intakes returned to the precentrifuged levels of corresponding control animals.

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Effects of In-Season (5 Weeks) Creatine and Pyruvate Supplementation on Anaerobic Performance and Body Composition in American Football Players

International Journal of Sport Nutrition ◽

10.1123/ijsn.9.2.146 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 146-165 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

Michael H. Stone ◽

Kimberly Sanborn ◽

Lucille L. Smith ◽

Harold S. O'Bryant ◽

Tommy Hoke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Mass ◽

Bench Press ◽

Vertical Jump ◽

American Football ◽

Mass Composition ◽

Football Players ◽

Supplementation Period ◽

And Performance ◽

Body Mass Composition

The purpose of this investigation was to study the efficacy of two dietary supplements on measures of body mass, body composition, and performance in 42 American football players. Group CM (n = 9) received creatine monohy-drate, Group P (n = 11) received calcium pyruvate. Group COM (n = 11) received a combination of calcium pyruvate (60%) and creatine (40%), and Group PL received a placebo. Tests were performed before (Tl) and after (T2) the 5-week supplementation period, during which the subjects continued their normal training schedules. Compared to P and PL. CM and COM showed significantly greater increases for body mass, lean body mass, 1 repetition maximum (RM) bench press, combined 1 RM squat and bench press, and static vertical jump (SVJ) power output. Peak rate of force development for SVJ was significantly greater for CM compared to P and PL. Creatine and the combination supplement enhanced training adaptations associated with body mass/composition, maximum strength, and SVJ; however, pyruvate supplementation alone was ineffective.

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Deficiency of Irx5 protects mice from diet-induced obesity and associated metabolic abnormalities

10.1101/2021.09.27.462004 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Joe Son ◽

Kyoung-Han Kim ◽

Chi-chung Hui

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Body Mass ◽

Energy Homeostasis ◽

Caloric Intake ◽

Mass Composition ◽

Metabolic Abnormalities ◽

Diet Induced Obesity ◽

Body Mass Composition ◽

Polygenic Obesity

Obesity, a leading cause of several metabolic abnormalities, is mainly due to an imbalance of energy homeostasis. IRX3 and IRX5 have been suggested as determinants of obesity in connection with the intronic variants of FTO, the strongest genetic risk factor of polygenic obesity in humans. Although the causal effects of Irx3 on obesity and its related metabolic consequences have been demonstrated in vivo, the metabolic function of Irx5 remains unclear. In this study, using mice homozygous for an Irx5-knockout (Irx5KO) allele, we show a direct link between Irx5 expression and regulation of body mass/composition and energy homeostasis. Irx5KO mice are leaner and resistant to diet-induced obesity and associated metabolic abnormalities, primarily through the loss of adiposity with an increase in basal metabolic rate with adipose thermogenesis and lower food intake. Furthermore, our long-term feeding analysis found that Irx3 mutant mouse lines also have less food intake, indicating that lower caloric intake also contributes to their lean phenotype. Together, these results demonstrate that Irx5 is critical for energy homeostasis and regulation of body mass/composition and suggest that it likely acts in other tissues beyond adipocytes.

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Is There a Link between Balance and Body Mass Composition in Children and Adolescents?

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph181910449 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (19) ◽

pp. 10449

Author(s):

Wojciech Rusek ◽

Marzena Adamczyk ◽

Joanna Baran ◽

Justyna Leszczak ◽

Grzegorz Inglot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Body Mass ◽

Population Group ◽

Center Of Gravity ◽

School Age Children ◽

Mass Composition ◽

Body Mass Composition ◽

The Relationship

School-age children are particularly prone to disturbances in body composition, because this is a period of intensive growth and a period in which correct habits are shaped, especially in relation to diet. This is why it is so important to diagnose emerging disorders early so as to implement therapeutic or educational activities. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the factors of body mass composition and body mass index (BMI), as well as the balance parameters in children and adolescents. The study group consisted of 1137 children aged 7 to 15. There were 559 girls and 578 boys among the subjects. The study used the Tanita 780 body mass composition analyser and the Zebris stabilometric platform. It was found that girls were characterized by a significantly higher content of adipose tissue (24.37% vs. 20.45%), while boys were characterized by a higher content of lean tissue (32.99% vs. 30.43%), muscle tissue (31.23% vs. 28.86%) and water (24.15% vs. 22.28%). Interestingly, the girls had better balance than their peers in all analyzed parameters (COF TTL.—616.72 vs. 661.50; CEArea—73.63 vs. 112.24; COF HD—3.44 vs. 4.23; COF VD—4.52 vs. 5.12). It turned out that among children in adolescence, a higher adipose tissue content and a higher BMI correlated with a smaller surface area (p < 0.05) defined by the center of gravity and smaller deviations of the center of gravity in the horizontal plane (p < 0.05). Sex and adolescence play an important role in differentiating both body composition and body balance. The results of this study allow us to conclude that children with higher BMI values have better balance. Due to the fact that these conclusions are inconsistent with those of other researchers, it will be worth continuing the research (e.g., on a different population group) in order to confirm the results and to draw far-reaching conclusions.

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Correlation between endocrine function, inflammation, body composition, cardiorespiratory and muscular function in coronary patients

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckab120.072 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

Catarina Gonçalves ◽

Jorge Bravo ◽

Ana Abreu ◽

Armando Raimundo

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Body Mass ◽

Thyroid Function ◽

Mass Composition ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Muscular Function ◽

Body Mass Composition

Abstract Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are among the most prevalent illnesses worldwide, causing substantial mortality, morbidity and hospitalization. Understanding the correlation of thyroid function and glycemic metabolism and inflammation to body composition and cardiorespiratory and muscular function is imperative. This manuscript's main goal is to evaluate the association of thyroid function and glycemic metabolism to body mass composition and cardiovascular fitness (CRF) and muscular function in a group of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Methods To examine cross-sectional associations of thyroid function, glycemia, hemoglobin A1c (HgA1c) and C-reactive protein (CRP) with CRF, muscular function and body mass composition. Forty-five stable CAD patients were enrolled (aged 54.9 ± 10.0 years). Participants were assessed for body composition (DXA®), muscle strength (Biodex®), cardiorespiratory fitness (6-minute walking test) and blood biomarkers, including [CRP, Tyrode Hormones higher free thyroxine (FT4), lower total triiodothyronine (FT3) and metabolic parameters]. The Pearson correlation and t-test statistical measures were used for associations between thyroid function, glycemia, insulin, HgA1c and CRF/muscle strength, body composition. Results We found significant inter-correlations between body fat and FT4 (P < 0.01), HgA1c (P = 0.01), insulin (P = 0.01) and blood glucose (P = 0.05); lean mass and FT3 (P = 0.001); and a negative inter-correlation between C-reactive protein and knee extensor and flexor isokinetic peak torques (P < 0.01), and cardiorespiratory fitness (P < 0.05). Conclusions Our findings showed that THs function and body mass fat, HgA1c, blood glucose, insulin and CRP were associated with the CRF, muscle strength or body composition. These results highlight the importance of endocrine and metabolic mechanisms concerning CRF and muscle strength in a group of patients with CAD.

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Effect of Post-Stroke Rehabilitation on Body Mass Composition in Relation to Socio-Demographic and Clinical Factors

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17145134 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (14) ◽

pp. 5134

Author(s):

Grzegorz Przysada ◽

Ewelina Czenczek-Lewandowska ◽

Justyna Wyszyńska ◽

Aneta Weres ◽

Joanna Baran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Mass ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Mass Composition ◽

Study Group ◽

Clinical Factors ◽

Fat Level ◽

Comprehensive Rehabilitation ◽

Body Mass Composition

Background and objectives: Stroke is one of the leading causes of morbidity, mortality and long-term adult disability. The aim of this study was to assess the changes in body mass composition in patients after stroke in connection with selected socio-demographic and clinical factors (sex, age, type of stroke and time from the first symptoms) following the rehabilitation process. Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of 100 post-stroke subjects who participated in a comprehensive rehabilitation program for a duration of five weeks. The measurements of body composition by a Tanita MC 780 MA analyser were performed on the day of admission to hospital, on the day of discharge (after 5 weeks) and 12 weeks after discharge from hospital. Results: It was shown that before rehabilitation (Exam I) in the study group there were significant differences in body composition relative to sex, age and time from stroke. The rates of fat mass % and visceral fat level decreased after rehabilitation (Exam II) in both males and females. Exam II, at the end hospital rehabilitation, showed lower levels of fat mass %, visceral fat level, as well as fat-free mass % and higher values of total body water % and muscle mass %. In Exam III, i.e., 12 weeks after discharge, all of the parameters retained their values. Conclusions: The study shows an association between stroke risk factors (primarily age, sex and time from the onset of the first symptoms of stroke) and body mass composition resulting from rehabilitation. The type of stroke and the effects of rehabilitation on body mass components showed no differences. Comprehensive rehabilitation had a positive effect on the body mass components.

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Analysis of Relationship between the Body Mass Composition and Physical Activity with Body Posture in Children

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2016/1851670 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Justyna Wyszyńska ◽

Justyna Podgórska-Bednarz ◽

Justyna Drzał-Grabiec ◽

Maciej Rachwał ◽

Joanna Baran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Mass ◽

Muscle Tissue ◽

Physical Activity Level ◽

The Body ◽

Body Posture ◽

Activity Level ◽

Mass Composition ◽

Body Mass Composition ◽

The Relationship

Introduction. Excessive body mass in turn may contribute to the development of many health disorders including disorders of musculoskeletal system, which still develops intensively at that time.Aim. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between children’s body mass composition and body posture. The relationship between physical activity level of children and the parameters characterizing their posture was also evaluated.Material and Methods. 120 school age children between 11 and 13 years were enrolled in the study, including 61 girls and 59 boys. Each study participant had the posture evaluated with the photogrammetric method using the projection moiré phenomenon. Moreover, body mass composition and the level of physical activity were evaluated.Results. Children with the lowest content of muscle tissue showed the highest difference in the height of the inferior angles of the scapulas in the coronal plane. Children with excessive body fat had less slope of the thoracic-lumbar spine, greater difference in the depth of the inferior angles of the scapula, and greater angle of the shoulder line. The individuals with higher level of physical activity have a smaller angle of body inclination.Conclusion. The content of muscle tissue, adipose tissue, and physical activity level determines the variability of the parameter characterizing the body posture.

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