scholarly journals Association between stroke and psychosis across four nationally representative epidemiological studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaughan Bell ◽  
William Tamayo-Agudelo ◽  
Grace Revill ◽  
David Okai ◽  
Norman Poole
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Treatment Pathways ◽  
The Us ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Adjusted Association

Background: Both stroke and psychosis are independently associated with high levels of disability. However, psychosis in the context of stroke has received remarkably little interest from clinicians and researchers. To date there are currently no population studies on their joint prevalence and association. Methods: We estimated the prevalence of i) probable psychosis in stroke and, ii) stroke in probable psychosis using four nationally representative cross-sectional psychiatric epidemiological studies: two from high-income countries (United Kingdom and United States) and two from middle-income countries (Chile and Colombia) and, subsequently, a combined dataset from all four countries. We also tested the statistical association between stroke and psychosis using single and multi-level regression models to estimate the unadjusted association between stroke and psychosis, and the association adjusted for potential demographic confounders. Results: The prevalence of probable psychosis in stroke ranged from 1.05% [95% CIs 0.03 - 5.73] in Chile, to 13.92% [95% CIs 7.16 - 23.55] in Colombia, with the prevalence from the combined countries dataset estimated at 3.81% [95% CIs 2.34 - 5.82]. Stroke in probable psychosis ranged from 2.18% [95% CIs 1.09 - 3.86] in Colombia, to 16.67% [95% CIs 6.37 - 32.81] in the US, with the combined countries prevalence estimated at 3.15% [95% CIs 1.94 - 4.83]. Estimates for the adjusted association between stroke and probable psychosis ranged from an OR = 1.11 [95% CIs 0.15 - 8.26] in the UK to an OR = 6.22 in the US [95% CIs 2.52 - 15.35] with the adjusted association from the combined dataset estimated at OR = 3.32 [95% CIs 2.05 - 5.38]. Larger prevalences and associations were associated with larger confidence intervals and we suggest the smaller estimates are likely to be more accurate. We also examined the association between stroke and paranoia, hallucinated voices, and thought passivity delusion, and although we found significant variation in the reliability and strength of association across countries, all three psychotic symptoms were associated with stroke in the unadjusted and adjusted analyses in the combined countries dataset. Conclusions: There are high rates of association between psychosis and stroke, meaning there is likely a high clinical need group who are under-researched and may be poorly served by existing services. Notably, stroke is a known risk factor for psychosis, and psychosis and antipsychotic treatment for psychosis are known risk factors for stroke, meaning causality is likely to be bidirectional and treatment pathways should be integrated across traditional service boundaries.

scholarly journals Fewer adults add salt at the table after initiation of a national salt campaign in the UK: a repeated cross-sectional analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 552-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Sutherland ◽  
Phil Edwards ◽  
Bhavani Shankar ◽  
Alan D. Dangour
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Base ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Salt Reduction ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Beneficial Response ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

In 2003, the UK Food Standards Agency and the Department of Health began attempts to reduce national salt intakes via reformulation of processed foods and a consumer awareness campaign on the negative impacts of salt on health. The present study uses large nationally representative samples of households in England to assess whether discretionary salt use was affected by the national salt reduction campaign. Large cross-sectional datasets from the Health Survey for England were used to analyse trends in adults adding salt at the table between 1997 and 2007. Since 1997, there has been a steady decline in salt use at the table. Ordinal logistic regression analysis controlling for age, sex, total household income, region, ethnicity and background trends revealed that the reduction in salt use was significantly greater after the campaign (OR 0·58; 95 % CI 0·54, 0·63). Women (OR 0·71; 95 % CI 0·68, 0·74), non-white ethnic groups (OR 0·69; 95 % CI 0·62, 0·77), high-income households (OR 0·75; 95 % CI 0·69, 0·82), middle-income households (OR 0·79; 95 % CI 0·75, 0·84) and households in central (OR 0·90; 95 % CI 0·84, 0·98) or the south of England (OR 0·82; 95 % CI 0·77, 0·88) were less likely to add salt at the table. The results extend previous evidence of a beneficial response to the salt campaign by demonstrating the effect on salt use at the table. Future programmatic and research efforts may benefit from targeting specific population groups and improving the evidence base for evaluating the impact of the campaign.

scholarly journals Examining Recent Trends in the Racial Disparity Gap in Tap Water Consumption: NHANES 2011–2018

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Asher Y. Rosinger ◽  
Anisha I. Patel ◽  
Francesca Weaks
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Water Crisis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Us ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Objective As tap water distrust has grown in the US with greater levels among Black and Hispanic households, we aimed to examine recent trends in not drinking tap water including the period covering the US Flint Water Crisis and racial/ethnic disparities in these trends. Design Cross-sectional analysis. We used log-binomial regressions and marginal predicted probabilities examined US nationally-representative trends in tap and bottled water consumption overall and by race/ethnicity. Setting The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, 2011–2018. Participants Nationally-representative sample of 9,439 children aged 2-19 and 17,268 adults. Results Among US children and adults, respectively, in 2017-2018 there was a 63% (adjusted prevalence ratio [PR]:1.63, 95%CI: 1.25-2.12, p<0.001) and 40% (PR:1.40, 95%CI: 1.16-1.69, p=0.001) higher prevalence of not drinking tap water compared to 2013-2014 (pre-Flint Water Crisis). For Black children and adults, the probability of not drinking tap water increased significantly from 18.1% (95%CI: 13.4-22.8) and 24.6% (95%CI: 20.7-28.4) in 2013–14 to 29.3% (95%CI: 23.5-35.1) and 34.5% (95%CI: 29.4-39.6) in 2017–2018. Among Hispanic children and adults, not drinking tap water increased significantly from 24.5% (95%CI: 19.4-29.6) and 27.1% (95%CI: 23.0-31.2) in 2013-14 to 39.7% (95%CI: 32.7-46.8) and 38.1% (95%CI: 33.0-43.1) in 2017-2018. No significant increases were observed among Asian or white persons between 2013-14 and 2017-18. Similar trends were found in bottled water consumption. Conclusions This study found persistent disparities in the tap water consumption gap from 2011–2018. Black and Hispanics’ probability of not drinking tap water increased following the Flint Water Crisis.

scholarly journals Patterns of Red and Processed Meat Consumption across North America: A Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Comparison of Dietary Recalls from Canada, Mexico, and the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Frank ◽  
Lindsay M. Jaacks ◽  
Carolina Batis ◽  
Lana Vanderlee ◽  
Lindsey Smith Taillie
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
The United States ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Us ◽  
Total Meat ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Processed Meat Consumption ◽  
Red And Processed Meat

Close economic ties encourage production and trade of meat between Canada, Mexico, and the US. Understanding the patterns of red and processed meat consumption in North America may inform policies designed to reduce meat consumption and bolster environmental and public health efforts across the continent. We used nationally-representative cross-sectional survey data to analyze consumption of unprocessed red meat; processed meat; and total red and processed meat. Generalized linear models were used to separately estimate probability of consumption and adjusted mean intake. Prevalence of total meat consumers was higher in the US (73.6, 95% CI: 72.3–74.8%) than in Canada (65.6, 63.9–67.2%) or Mexico (62.7, 58.1–67.2%). Men were more likely to consume unprocessed red, processed, and total meat, and had larger estimated intakes. In Mexico, high wealth individuals were more likely to consume all three categories of meat. In the US and Canada, those with high education were less likely to consume total and processed meat. Estimated mean intake of unprocessed red, processed, and total meat did not differ across sociodemographic strata. Overall consumption of red and processed meat remains high in North America. Policies to reduce meat consumption are appropriate for all three countries.

scholarly journals Ultra-processed foods and added sugars in the US diet: evidence from a nationally representative cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. e009892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eurídice Martínez Steele ◽  
Larissa Galastri Baraldi ◽  
Maria Laura da Costa Louzada ◽  
Jean-Claude Moubarac ◽  
Dariush Mozaffarian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
The Us ◽  
Nationally Representative

scholarly journals Divorced and Unemployed: the Declining Association between Two Critical Lifecourse States in the UK, 1984-2017

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis Robert Anderson ◽  
Christiaan Willem Simon Monden ◽  
Erzsebet Bukodi
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Educational Inequality ◽  
Marital Dissolution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Domains Of Life ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Uk

Individuals exposed to both job loss and marital dissolution are likely to be highly disadvantaged, having experienced stresses and losses in the two primary domains of life. Moreover, recent literature finds that exposure to one event tends to increase risk of the other. However, next to nothing is known about the size or composition – or changes therein – of the divorced/separated and unemployed (DSU) subpopulation. Using large, nationally representative, repeated cross-sectional datasets extending back to 1984, we aim to fill this gap for the UK. We give a descriptive account of the prevalence and social distribution of DSU, and of the cross-sectional association between its two component states: among which groups, by education and gender, does being either divorced/separated or unemployed most strongly imply a heightened risk of also being the other, and how has this changed over time? We find stable and strong educational inequality in DSU, while the gender gap has narrowed and recently closed. The association between the two states is stronger among men; has weakened strikingly over the time period we consider, for both men and, especially, women; and is educationally stratified among men but not women. Contrary to expectations, higher-educated men in one of the two states are most likely to also be in the other. Possible explanations and further questions are discussed. In particular, we highlight the possibility that over this time period the divorced/separated have become more like the general population, rather than a negatively selected subgroup among whom unemployment is a particular risk.

scholarly journals Factors associated with nonessential workplace attendance during the Covid-19 pandemic in the UK in early 2021: evidence from cross-sectional surveys

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Michie ◽  
Henry WW Potts ◽  
Robert West ◽  
Richard Amlot ◽  
Louise E Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Hardship ◽  
Dependent Child ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Sociodemographic Variables ◽  
Key Sectors ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Living Circumstances ◽  
Representative Samples

Background and aims: Working from home where possible is important in reducing spread of Covid-19. In early 2021, a quarter of people in England who believed they could work entirely from home reported attending their workplace. To inform interventions to reduce this, this study examined associated factors. Methods: Data from the ongoing CORSAIR survey series of nationally representative samples of people in the UK aged 16+ years in January-February 2021 were used. The study sample was 1422 respondents who reported that they could work completely from home. The outcome measure was self-reported workplace attendance at least once during the preceding week. Factors of interest were analysed in three blocks: 1) sociodemographic variables, 2) variables relating to circumstances of respondents, and 3) psychological variables. Results: 26.8% (95%CI=24.5%-29.1%) of respondents reported having attended their workplace at least once in the preceding week. Sociodemographic variables and living circumstances significantly independently predicted non-essential workplace attendance: male gender (OR=1.85,95%CI=1.33-2.58), dependent children in the household (OR=1.65,95%CI=1.17-2.32), financial hardship (OR=1.14,95%CI=1.08-1.21), socio-economic grade C2DE (OR=1.74, 95%CI=1.19-2.53), working in sectors such as health or social care (OR=4.18, 95%CI=2.56-6.81), education and childcare (OR=2.45, 95%CI=1.45-4.14) and key public service (OR=3.78, 95%CI=1.83-7.81), and having been vaccinated (OR=2.08,95%CI=1.33-3.24). Conclusions: Non-essential workplace attendance in the UK in early 2021 during the Covid-19 pandemic was significantly independently associated with a range of sociodemographic variables and personal circumstances. Having been vaccinated, financial hardship, socio-economic grade C2DE, having a dependent child at home, working in certain key sectors were associated with higher likelihood of workplace attendance.

Kidney Disease in Women is Associated with Disadvantaged Childhood Socioeconomic Position

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 292-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Canney ◽  
Siobhan Leahy ◽  
Siobhan Scarlett ◽  
Rose Anne Kenny ◽  
Mark A. Little ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Period Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Adjusted Association ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Background: Socioeconomic position (SEP) is an important determinant of health and it is dynamic across the entire lifespan. We sought to investigate the relationship between life-course SEP and chronic kidney disease (CKD) using 3 conceptual models: critical period, pathway and accumulation. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of 4,996 participants from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, a nationally representative cohort of community-dwelling adults aged ≥50 years. We defined childhood and adulthood SEP according to father’s and respondent’s occupation respectively. SEP was categorised as high (reference), intermediate, low and never worked. CKD was defined as a glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 estimated from the combination of creatinine and cystatin C. We used logistic regression to estimate the age-adjusted association between SEP and CKD separately in men and women. Results: Low childhood SEP was strongly associated with CKD in women, after adjusting for adulthood SEP (OR 1.90 [95% CI 1.24–2.92]), supporting the critical period hypothesis. This association was not explained by traditional CKD risk factors. Women who experienced low childhood SEP and whose circumstances improved in adulthood also had increased odds of CKD, further supporting a critical period effect in childhood. There was comparatively less evidence in support of the pathway or accumulation models. We did not observe a statistically significant association between SEP and CKD in men. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that women exposed to disadvantaged SEP in childhood represent an at-risk group in whom there may be opportunities for identification of CKD and facilitation of health-promoting behaviours from an early age.

scholarly journals Longitudinal transitions of exclusive and polytobacco electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use among youth, young adults and adults in the USA: findings from the PATH Study Waves 1–3 (2013–2016)

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. s147-s154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra A Stanton ◽  
Eva Sharma ◽  
Kathryn C Edwards ◽  
Michael J Halenar ◽  
Kristie A Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ◽  
Nicotine Delivery ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Reasons For Use

ObjectiveElectronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS; including e-cigarettes) are rapidly evolving in the US marketplace. This study reports cross-sectional prevalence and longitudinal pathways of ENDS use across 3 years, among US youth (12–17 years), young adults (18–24 years) and adults 25+ (25 years and older).DesignData were from the first three waves (2013–2016) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, a nationally representative, longitudinal cohort study of US youth and adults. Respondents with data at all three waves (youth, n=11 046; young adults, n=6478; adults 25+, n=17 188) were included in longitudinal analyses.ResultsWeighted cross-sectional ever use of ENDS increased at each wave. Across all three waves, young adults had the highest percentages of past 12-month, past 30-day (P30D) and daily P30D ENDS use compared with youth and adults 25+. Only about a quarter of users had persistent P30D ENDS use at each wave. Most ENDS users were polytobacco users. Exclusive Wave 1 ENDS users had a higher proportion of subsequent discontinued any tobacco use compared with polytobacco ENDS users who also used cigarettes.ConclusionsENDS use is most common among young adults compared with youth and adults 25+. However, continued use of ENDS over 2 years is not common for any age group. Health education efforts to reduce the appeal and availability of ENDS products might focus on reducing ENDS experimentation, and on reaching the smaller subgroups of daily ENDS users to better understand their reasons for use.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document