scholarly journals Physical activity and health: Findings from Finnish monozygotic twin pairs discordant for physical activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urho M Kujala ◽  
Tuija Leskinen ◽  
Mirva Rottensteiner ◽  
Sari Aaltonen ◽  
Mika Ala-Korpela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Health Habits

Genetic and early environmental differences including early health habits associate with future health. To provide insight on the causal nature of these associations, monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs discordant for health habits provide an interesting natural experiment. Twin pairs discordant for leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) in early adult life are thus a powerful study design to investigate the associations between long-term LTPA and indicators of health and wellbeing. We have used this study design by identifying 17 LTPA discordant twin pairs from two Finnish twin cohorts and summarize key findings of these studies in this paper. The carefully characterized rare long-term LTPA discordant MZ twin pairs have participated in multi-dimensional clinical examinations. The occurrence of type 2 diabetes and death has been evaluated on the basis of prospective questionnaire data and register follow-up among a larger number of twin pairs. Key findings highlight that, compared to less active twins in such MZ twin pairs, the twins with higher long-term LTPA have higher physical fitness, reduced body fat, reduced visceral fat, reduced liver fat, increased lumen diameters of conduit arteries to the lower limbs, increased bone mineral density in loaded bone areas, increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and reduced occurrence of type 2 diabetes. However, we have not been able to document differences in the life expectancy between the less and more active twin siblings of the LTPA discordant MZ twin pairs. The findings are in agreement with intervention studies but not with all observational studies in which genetic factors are not controlled for.

53 - Long-Term Physical Activity Adherence After the End of an Exercise Intervention in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Prediabetes: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. S22
Author(s):  
Jane E. Booth ◽  
Jamie L. Benham ◽  
Laura E. Schinbein ◽  
Samantha K. Mcginley ◽  
Doreen M. Rabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Physical Activity Adherence

scholarly journals Nutrition in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Present Knowledge and Remaining Challenges

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2748
Author(s):  
Maria Letizia Petroni ◽  
Lucia Brodosi ◽  
Francesca Marchignoli ◽  
Anna Simona Sasdelli ◽  
Paolo Caraceni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Control ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Patient Adherence ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Modest Improvement ◽  
Obesity Epidemic

Unhealthy behaviours, including diet and physical activity, coupled with genetic predisposition, drive type 2 diabetes (T2D) occurrence and severity; the present review aims to summarise the most recent nutritional approaches in T2D, outlining unmet needs. Guidelines consistently suggest reducing energy intake to counteract the obesity epidemic, frequently resulting in sarcopenic obesity, a condition associated with poorer metabolic control and cardiovascular disease. Various dietary approaches have been proposed with largely similar results, with a preference for the Mediterranean diet and the best practice being the diet that patients feel confident of maintaining in the long term based on individual preferences. Patient adherence is indeed the pivotal factor for weight loss and long-term maintenance, requiring intensive lifestyle intervention. The consumption of nutritional supplements continues to increase even if international societies do not support their systematic use. Inositols and vitamin D supplementation, as well as micronutrients (zinc, chromium, magnesium) and pre/probiotics, result in modest improvement in insulin sensitivity, but their use is not systematically suggested. To reach the desired goals, patients should be actively involved in the collaborative development of a personalised meal plan associated with habitual physical activity, aiming at normal body weight and metabolic control.

scholarly journals Long-Term Effects in Bone Mineral Density after Different Bariatric Procedures in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Outcomes of a Randomized Clinical Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Guerrero-Pérez ◽  
Anna Casajoana ◽  
Carmen Gómez-Vaquero ◽  
Nuria Virgili ◽  
Rafael López-Urdiales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
First Year ◽  
Gastrointestinal Hormone ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Greater Curvature

There is scant evidence of the long-term effects of bariatric surgery on bone mineral density (BMD). We compared BMD changes in patients with severe obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) 5 years after randomization to metabolic gastric bypass (mRYGB), sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and greater curvature plication (GCP). We studied the influence of first year gastrointestinal hormone changes on final bone outcomes. Forty-five patients, averaging 49.4 (7.8) years old and body mass index (BMI) 39.4 (1.9) kg/m2, were included. BMD at lumbar spine (LS) was lower after mRYGB compared to SG and GCP: 0.89 [0.82;0.94] vs. 1.04 [0.91;1.16] vs. 0.99 [0.89;1.12], p = 0.020. A higher percentage of LS osteopenia was present after mRYGB 78.6% vs. 33.3% vs. 50.0%, respectively. BMD reduction was greater in T2D remitters vs. non-remitters. Weight at fifth year predicted BMD changes at the femoral neck (FN) (adjusted R2: 0.3218; p = 0.002), and type of surgery (mRYGB) and menopause predicted BMD changes at LS (adjusted R2: 0.2507; p < 0.015). In conclusion, mRYGB produces higher deleterious effects on bone at LS compared to SG and GCP in the long-term. Women in menopause undergoing mRYGB are at highest risk of bone deterioration. Gastrointestinal hormone changes after surgery do not play a major role in BMD outcomes.

Long-Term Physical Activity Levels After the End of a Structured Exercise Intervention in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Prediabetes: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 680-687.e2
Author(s):  
Jane E. Booth ◽  
Jamie L. Benham ◽  
Laura E. Schinbein ◽  
Samantha K. McGinley ◽  
Doreen M. Rabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Physical Activity Levels

scholarly journals NDUFB6 Polymorphism Is Associated With Physical Activity-Mediated Metabolic Changes in Type 2 Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Pesta ◽  
Tomas Jelenik ◽  
Oana-Patricia Zaharia ◽  
Pavel Bobrov ◽  
Sven Görgens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
C2c12 Myotubes ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration

The rs540467 SNP in the NDUFB6 gene, encoding a mitochondrial complex I subunit, has been shown to modulate adaptations to exercise training. Interaction effects with diabetes mellitus remain unclear. We assessed associations of habitual physical activity (PA) levels with metabolic variables and examined a possible modifying effect of the rs540467 SNP. Volunteers with type 2 (n=242), type 1 diabetes (n=250) or normal glucose tolerance (control; n=139) were studied at diagnosis and subgroups with type 1 (n=96) and type 2 diabetes (n=95) after 5 years. Insulin sensitivity was measured by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps, oxygen uptake at the ventilator threshold (VO2AT) by spiroergometry and PA by questionnaires. Translational studies investigated insulin signaling and mitochondrial function in Ndufb6 siRNA-treated C2C12 myotubes, with electronic pulse stimulation (EPS) to simulate exercising. PA levels were 10 and 6%, VO2AT was 31% and 8% lower in type 2 and type 1 diabetes compared to control. Within 5 years, 36% of people with type 2 diabetes did not improve their insulin sensitivity despite increasing PA levels. The NDUFB6 rs540467 SNP modifies PA-mediated changes in insulin sensitivity, body composition and liver fat estimates in type 2 diabetes. Silencing Ndufb6 in myotubes reduced mitochondrial respiration and prevented rescue from palmitate-induced insulin resistance after EPS. A substantial proportion of humans with type 2 diabetes fails to respond to rising PA with increasing insulin sensitivity. This may at least partly relate to a polymorphism of the NDUFB6 gene, which may contribute to modulating mitochondrial function.Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT01055093. The trial was retrospectively registered on 25th of January 2010.

scholarly journals Long-Term Physical Activity Participation and Subsequent Incident Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Population-Based Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenglong Li ◽  
Yanjun Ma ◽  
Rong Hua ◽  
Fanfan Zheng ◽  
Wuxiang Xie
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Physical Activity Participation ◽  
Activity Participation ◽  
Incident Type ◽  
Incident Type 2 Diabetes

BackgroundUncertainty remains concerning association between long-term physical activity and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). We intended to evaluate physical activity participation over a 6-year span and assess association with subsequent 10-year incident DM risk, as well as examine mediation role by obesity.MethodsA total of 9757 community-dwelling adults aged ≥ 50 years in England were included in the population-based cohort. Physical activity participation, including trajectories and cumulative participation were assessed using weighted Z score over a 6-year span from wave 1 (2002–2003) to wave 4 (2008–2009). Incident DM recorded over a 10-year span from wave 4 (2008–2009) to wave 9 (2018–2019) was outcome.Results5 distinct activity trajectories were identified, including persistently low (N=3037, incident DM=282), initially low then improving (1868, 90), initially high then declining (325, 20), persistently moderate (2489, 170), and persistently high (2038, 108). Compared with persistently low, participants of initially low then improving, persistently moderate and high were associated with lower incident DM risk, with multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of 0.41 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.32 to 0.53, P&lt;0.001), 0.70 (95% CI: 0.56 to 0.89, P=0.004) and 0.49 (95% CI: 0.37 to 0.65, P &lt;0.001), respectively. Elevated cumulative activity was also associated with lower DM risk, with each quintile increment in cumulative weighted Z score corresponding to HR of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.71 to 0.82, P &lt;0.001). Mediation analysis found that body mass index, waist circumference and change in body mass index mediate 10% (P &lt;0.001), 17% (P &lt;0.001) and 9% (P &lt;0.001) of the observed association between activity and incident DM, respectively.ConclusionsFor middle aged and older adults, both gradually improved and persistently active participation in physical activity were associated with subsequent lower risk of incident DM, with obesity playing a potential mediator. Strategies focusing on improving and maintaining active participation in physical activity might be beneficial from DM prevention perspective.

scholarly journals Make Your Diabetic Patients Walk: Long-term impact of different amounts of physical activity on type 2 diabetes

Diabetes Care ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1295-1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Di Loreto ◽  
C. Fanelli ◽  
P. Lucidi ◽  
G. Murdolo ◽  
A. De Cicco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Long Term Impact
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