scholarly journals Determining international spread of novel B.1.1.523 SARS-CoV-2 lineage

Author(s):  
Lukas Zemaitis ◽  
Gediminas Alzbutas ◽  
Dovydas Gecys ◽  
Andrey Komissarov ◽  
Arnoldas Pautienius ◽  
...  

Here we report the emergence of variant lineage B.1.1.523 that contains a set of mutations including 156_158del, E484K and S494P in Spike protein. E484K and S494P are known to significantly reduce SARS-CoV-2 neutralization by convalescent and vaccinee sera and are considered as mutations of concern. Lineage B.1.1.523 has presumably originated in Russian Federation and spread across European countries with the peak of transmission in April / May 2021. The B.1.1.523 lineage has now been reported from 27 countries.

Author(s):  
Н. Л. Баламирзоев ◽  
Н. С. Суракатов

В статье рассмотрены особенности микрофинансирования малых и средних предприятий. Особое внимание уделено зарубежному опыту микрофинансирования в ведущих европейских странах, США и Китае. Также в статье обозначены проблемы, которые препятствуют активному использованию преимуществ микрофинансирования в Российской Федерации. The article discusses the features of microfinancing of small and medium enterprises. Particular attention is paid to foreign experience in microfinancing in leading European countries, USA and China. The article also identifies problems that hinder the active use of the benefits of microfinance in the Russian Federation.


Author(s):  
Roman I. Dremliuga ◽  
Andrey A. Yakovenko

Развитие технологий автономного автотранспорта является одним из приоритетов в технологическом развитии Российской Федерации. Несмотря на прогресс в данной сфере, вряд ли можно говорить о значимых успехах России во внедрении использования автономного транспорта на дорогах общего пользования. В основе данного исследования лежит утверждение, что правовой режим является либо катализатором, либо замедляющим фактором развития сферы автономного автотранспорта. Цель исследования – провести анализ правовых норм в сфере тестирования и эксплуатации автономного автотранспорта в Европе. Авторы полагают, что исследуемые европейские страны имеют достаточно проработанную нормативную базу в данной сфере, поэтому их опыт может быть полезен в разработке и модификации российской правовой базы для регулирования отношений в сфере использования автономного автотранспорта. Задачи исследования: а) определить нормативную базу, связанную с регулированием отношений по тестированию и эксплуатации автономных транспортных средств; б) выявить позицию лидирующих европейских стран, связанную с вопросами необходимости регулирования таких отношений; в) оценить перспективы возможности заимствования положительной практики регулирования рассматриваемой сферы общественных отношений в правовую действительность Российской Федерации. Методологической основой исследования послужили диалектический метод познания, общенаучные методы абстрагирования, анализа и синтеза, а также специальные юридические методы (сравнительно-правовой, логико-юридический и др.). В статье делается вывод, что в процессе создания нормативно правовой базы власти стремятся детально урегулировать исследуемую область общественных отношений. Рассмотренные страны имеют практически схожую модель регулирования, с жёсткими нормативными рамками. Авторы полагают, что некоторые ограничения являются неблагоприятными для развития сектора цифровой экономики. Тем не менее, опыт европейских стран может быть использован в России в первую очередь для определения проблемных точек регулирования и организации контроля за тестированием и использованием автономного автотранспорта. Ключевые слова: Европейский Союз, регулирование тестирования автономного автотранспорта, беспилотный автотранспорт, цифровая экономика, искусственный интеллект, кибербезопасность, распознавание образов, киберправо, беспилотные транспортные средства, цифровая трансформации, умные вещи, умный город, сравнительное правоведение, сравнительный анализ, новый технологический уклад, право Нидерландов, право Германии, право Великобритании, право информационных технологий, право ИТ. The development of unmanned (autonomous) vehicle technologies is one of the strategic priorities of the Russian Federation. Despite a great deal of attention to this area, one can hardly speak of any significant success of Russia in introducing the use of autonomous vehicles on public roads. This study is based on the assumption that the legal regime is a catalyst or a deterrent to the development of autonomous motor transport or a deterrent to the development of the autonomous motor transport sector. The aim of the study is to analyze the legal norms in the field of testing and operation of autonomous road transport in Europe. The authors believe that the studied European countries have a sufficiently developed regulatory system in this area; therefore, their experience can be useful in developing and modifying the Russian legal framework to regulate the use of autonomous road transport. The objectives of the study are as follows: a) to define the regulatory framework related to the regulation of relations in the testing and operation of autonomous vehicles; b) to identify the position of the leading European countries related to the issues of the need for regulation and its limits; c) to assess the prospects for the possibility of taking the positive practice of regulation of the considered sphere of social relations into the legal reality of the Russian Federation. The dialectical method of cognition, general scientific methods of abstraction, analysis and synthesis, as well as special legal methods (comparative legal, logical-legal, etc.) served as the methodological basis for the research. The article concludes that in the process of creating a legal system the authorities seek to regulate in detail the area of public relations under study. The countries under study have almost similar model of regulation with rigid normative frameworks. The authors believe that some restrictions are unfavorable for the development of digital economy sectors. Nevertheless, the experience of European countries can be used in Russia first of all to identify problem points of regulation and organization of control over testing and use of autonomous motor vehicles.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Di Giacomo ◽  
Daniele Mercatelli ◽  
Amir Rakhimov ◽  
Federico M Giorgi

Several SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged, posing a renewed threat to COVID-19 containment and to vaccine and drug efficacy. In this study, we analyzed more than 820,000 SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequences deposited up to March 26, 2021 and identified a novel T478K mutation located on the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. The mutation is structurally located in the region of interaction with human receptor ACE2 and was detected in 4,214 distinct cases. We show that T478K has appeared and risen in frequency since January 2021, predominantly in Mexico and North America, but we could also detect it in several European countries.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
T M Lysenko ◽  
A V Ivanova ◽  
N V Kostina ◽  
T N Davidenko ◽  
V M Vasiukov ◽  
...  

The article presents the review of currently existing views on the problem of phytocoenotic diversity protection in European countries and Russia. The principles and criteria for the identification of rare plant communities in need of protection, used by scientists from different countries are described. The authors had defined already published works of a monographic nature and projects, containing the information on the phytocenotic diversity of Europe in need of protection, and Green Books, published in the Russian Federation. Special attention is paid to the determination process of plant communities. It is noted that nowadays there is no single concept for the creation of Green Books. The phytocenosis protection inventories created in European countries that have a legislative basis, the Russian Green Books include vegetation monitoring data and have no legal basis.


Author(s):  
Vladimir Zorin ◽  
◽  
Vladimir Voloh ◽  
Vera Suvorova ◽  
◽  
...  

Introduction. The article is devoted to the transformation of migration policies during the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic. The article discusses changes in migration processes in connection with the COVID-19. The aim of the article is to illustrate how the countries’ migration policy has changed due to the pandemic and what measures have been developed to support migrants. Methods and materials. The research methodology includes general scientific research methods, such as analysis, synthesis, content analysis and the aristotelian method. As well as specific scientific methods, such as comparative legal and system analysis. The empirical basis of the study is the data of the General Administration for Migration Issues of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russian Federation, the International Organization for Migration (IOM), and the United Nations (UN). Analysis. The authors conducted a comparative analysis of migration policies of various countries during the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic. Considerable attention is paid to the measures taken by countries to provide various types of support to migrants. The authors also analyzed the activities of international organizations and the civil society. The authors concluded that measures to restrain the pandemic affected the implementation of funded integration projects in the European countries, some activities were postponed, however, the European countries made certain efforts to adopt new integration practices to support migrants during the COVID-19 pandemic. Discussion. The authors assessed the further development of migration processes and countries migration policies. Results. The authors effectuated a conclusion that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the transformation of migration processes and migration policies. The authors focused on how events in the migration sphere would develop, and what changes would take place in the migration policy of the Russian Federation. The research results presented in the article can be used to improve the migration policy of the Russian Federation in relation to labour migrants and to develop regulatory migration measures.


2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-270
Author(s):  
Natalya Yu. Mishina ◽  
Evgeniy A. Antonov

The article considers the main approaches to expanding international cultural and humanitarian cooperation, ensuring educational, scientific and informational interaction between the Russian Federation and European countries through international educational expeditions. These events were held in 9 European countries for leaders, teachers and learning organizations engaged in educational activities under the main and (or) additional general educational programs, media representatives of the countries running the events. The article was prepared on the results of work under the project Conducting international educational expeditions aimed at the Russian language, literature, culture and Russian education popularization, implemented by the LLC JV Sodruzhestvo with the support of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation. The article describes the formats of events proposed in the framework of the educational expeditions project, including the features of an integrated approach to their development and implementation, which allowed to ensure high interest of the target audience, easy and effective uptake of content presented for them.


Author(s):  
I.V. Mitin ◽  
◽  
I.R. Tatur ◽  
V.G. Spirkin ◽  
◽  
...  

Currently, requirements for the environmental safety of lubricants are being tightened. The production of biodegradable lubricants is growing in European countries. The analysis of the production of biodegradable lubricants in the Russian Federation is carried out. Currently, the range of biodegradable lubricants in Russia is limited due to the lack of capacity for the production of polyalkylene glycol oils and esters. However, increasing environmental requirements in the oil, metallurgical, machine-building, construction industries, energy, agriculture, forestry, and water resources require more and more production of lubricants with high environmental performance. To assess the Biodegradability of Russian lubricants, it is necessary to use GOST 32433-2013 identical to the international standard OECD 301B. It is shown that in European countries, polyalkylene glycols and synthetic esters (diesters and esters) are widely used for the production of biodegradable motor, transmission, hydraulic, and turbine oils. To expand the production of modern biodegradable lubricants in the Russian Federation, it is necessary to develop industrial production of API group V oils. The use of biodegradable greases, coolant and separation lubricants based on vegetable oils is promising.


2015 ◽  
pp. 63-80
Author(s):  
Y. Sharygina ◽  
S. Sivaev

The affordability of housing and utility services for the population of Russian Federation and foreign countries is analyzed in the article. The authors have developed the method which gives the opportunity to bring the housing and utility costs of the population of Russian Federation and foreign countries to comparable conditions. The main result is providing reliable distribution of the costs of the housing and utility services in European countries, where Russian Federation has one of the lowest positions. So, existing substantiation of freezing tariffs for housing and utility services is ungrounded. There is a socio-economic opportunity to raise tariffs for increasing investment attractiveness of the sector. There is also a need for redistribution of the population spending between housing and utility services in favor of the former.


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