scholarly journals Multimodal Gradient Mapping of Rodent Hippocampus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brynja Gunnarsdóttir ◽  
Valerio Zerbi ◽  
Clare Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Gradient Analysis ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
Expression Data ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Functional Organisation ◽  
Strongly Connected ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Expression Gradients

The hippocampus plays a central role in supporting our coherent and enduring sense of self and our place in the world. Understanding its functional organisation is central to understanding this complex role. Previous studies suggest function varies along a long hippocampal axis, but there is disagreement about the presence of sharp discontinuities or gradual change along that axis. Other open questions relate to the underlying drivers of this variation and the conservation of organisational principles across species. Here, we delineate the primary organisational principles underlying patterns of hippocampal functional connectivity (FC) in the mouse using gradient analysis on resting state fMRI data. We further applied gradient analysis to mouse gene co-expression data to examine the relationship between variation in genomic anatomy and functional organisation. Two principal FC gradients along a hippocampal axis were revealed. The principal gradient exhibited a sharp discontinuity that divided the hippocampus into dorsal and ventral compartments. The second, more continuous, gradient followed the long axis of the ventral compartment. Dorsal regions were more strongly connected to areas involved in spatial navigation while ventral regions were more strongly connected to areas involved in emotion, recapitulating patterns seen in humans. In contrast, gene co-expression gradients showed a more segregated and discrete organisation. Our findings suggest that hippocampal functional organisation exhibits both sharp and gradual transitions and that hippocampal genomic anatomy exerts a subtle influence on this organisation.

Public Powers, Private Powers, and the Exploitation of Metals for Coinage

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Bianchi
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Early Medieval Period ◽  
Italian Journal ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

In 1994, an article appeared in the Italian journal Archeologia Medievale, written by Chris Wickham and Riccardo Francovich, entitled ‘Uno scavo archeologico ed il problema dello sviluppo della signoria territoriale: Rocca San Silvestro e i rapporti di produzione minerari’. It marked a breakthrough in the study of the exploitation of mineral resources (especially silver) in relation to forms of power, and the associated economic structure, and control of production between the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. On the basis of the data available to archeological research at the time, the article ended with a series of open questions, especially relating to the early medieval period. The new campaign of field research, focused on the mining landscape of the Colline Metallifere in southern Tuscany, has made it possible to gather more information. While the data that has now been gathered are not yet sufficient to give definite and complete answers to those questions, they nevertheless allow us to now formulate some hypotheses which may serve as the foundations for broader considerations as regards the relationship between the exploitation of a fundamental resource for the economy of the time, and the main players and agents in that system of exploitation, within a landscape that was undergoing transformation in the period between the early medieval period and the middle centuries of the Middle Ages.

Psyche and Soul in America

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Abzug
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Small Town ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
The United States ◽  
Inner Life ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The Relationship

Rollo May (1909‒1994), internationally known psychologist and popular philosopher, came from modest roots in the small town Protestant Midwest intending to do “religious work” but eventually became a psychotherapist and in best-selling books like Love and Will and The Courage to Create he attracted an audience of millions of readers in the United States, Europe, and Asia. During the 1950s and 1960s, these books combined existentialism and other philosophical approaches, psychoanalysis, and a spiritually-philosophy to interpret the damage bureaucratic and technocratic aspects of modernity and their inability of individuals to understand their authentic selves. Psyche and Soul in America deals not only with May’s public contributions but also to his turbulent inner life as revealed in unprecedentedly intimate sources in order to demonstrate the relationship between the personal and public in a figure who wrote about intimacy, its loss, and ways to regain an authentic sense of self and others.

scholarly journals The Loss of Self-Dignity and Anger among Polish Young Adults: The Moderating Role of Religiosity

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Wojciech Rodzeń ◽  
Małgorzata Maria Kulik ◽  
Agnieszka Malinowska ◽  
Zdzisław Kroplewski ◽  
Małgorzata Szcześniak
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factor ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Loss Of Self ◽  
Aggression Questionnaire ◽  
Meaning System ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Risk Loss

Does the way we think or feel about ourselves have an impact on our anger-based reactions? Is the direction and strength of this relationship direct, or affected by other factors as well? Given that there is a lack of research on the loss of self-dignity and anger, the first aim of the present study consisted in examining whether or not there is a connection between both variables, with particular emphasis on early adulthood. The second purpose was to explore the moderating role of religiosity on the relationship between loss of self-dignity and anger. Methods: Data were gathered from 462 participants aged 18 to 35. The main methods applied were the Questionnaire of Sense of Self-Dignity, Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire, and Religious Meaning System Questionnaire. The results show a statistically significant positive correlation between loss of self-dignity and anger, a negative correlation between religiosity and anger, and no significant association between the loss of self-dignity and religiosity. However, all other dimensions of the sense of self-dignity correlated positively with religiosity. Our findings also confirm that the level of anger resulting from the loss of self-dignity is significantly lower as the level of religiosity increases. Such outcomes seem to support the conception that religiosity may act as a protective factor between the risk (loss of self-dignity) and the outcome factor (anger).

Cultural and Universal Parenting, Ethnic Identity, and Internalizing Symptoms Among African American Adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. 009579842110342
Author(s):  
Lydia HaRim Ahn ◽  
Angel S. Dunbar ◽  
Erica E. Coates ◽  
Mia A. Smith-Bynum
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
African American ◽  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
African American Adolescents ◽  
Analytic Model ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
The Relationship

The present study tested a path analytic model that addressed two questions regarding the connection between one aspect of racial socialization (cultural pride reinforcement), communication between mothers and their adolescent children, adolescent ethnic identity, and mental health. First, we tested whether quality of communication moderated the relationship between cultural pride reinforcement and ethnic identity affirmation and anxiety/depressive/withdrawn symptoms. Then, we examined whether cultural pride reinforcement and quality of communication with mothers were directly linked to ethnic identity affirmation and in turn lower anxiety/depressive symptoms and withdrawn behaviors. Our sample included 111 African American adolescents (58.2% female; ages 14–17) in the mid-Atlantic region. Results of a path analysis indicated that cultural pride reinforcement and quality of communication independently and uniquely related to internalizing symptoms through ethnic identity affirmation. Findings contribute to a novel understanding of how both cultural (cultural pride reinforcement) and universal (quality of communication) are important factors to foster African American adolescents’ healthy adjustment and sense of self.

Attributions for Inconsistencies Between Online and Offline Self-Presentations

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 805-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. DeAndrea ◽  
Joseph B. Walther
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Online Information ◽  
Interpersonal Interactions ◽  
Online Behavior ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Self Presentations ◽  
Interpersonal Impressions

This study investigated how people make sense of self-portrayals in social media that are inconsistent with impressions formed through other interpersonal interactions. The research focused on how inconsistent online information affects interpersonal impressions and how motivation to manage impressions influences the types of attributions that actors and observers make for the misleading online behavior. Results show that the relationship between observer and the target influences evaluations of online/offline inconsistencies: Subjects rated the inconsistencies of acquaintances as more intentionally misleading, more hypocritical, and less trustworthy relative to the inconsistencies of friends. In addition, the types of attributions people made for online behavior depended on the perspective of the person providing the explanation: People explained their own online behavior more favorably than the online behavior of both friends and acquaintances.

scholarly journals Are Engaged Workaholics Protected against Job-Related Negative Affect and Anxiety before Sleep? A Study of the Moderating Role of Gender

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Spagnoli ◽  
Cristian Balducci ◽  
Liliya Scafuri Kovalchuk ◽  
Francesco Maiorano ◽  
Carmela Buono
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Work Engagement ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Heavy Work ◽  
Conditional Process Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

Although the interplay between workaholism and work engagement could explain several open questions regarding the Heavy Work Investment (HWI) phenomenon, few studies have addressed this issue. Thus, with the purpose of filling this literature gap, the present study aimed at examining a model where job-related negative affect mediates the relationship between the interplay of workaholism and work engagement, and anxiety before sleep. Since gender could have a role in the way the interplay would impact on the theorized model, we also hypothesized a moderated role of gender on the specific connection concerning the interplay between workaholism and work engagement, in relation to job-related negative affect. Conditional process analysis was conducted on a sample of 146 participants, balanced for gender. Results supported the mediating model and indicated the presence of a moderated role of gender, such that engaged workaholic women reported significantly less job-related negative affect than disengaged workaholic women. On the contrary, the interplay between workaholism and work engagement did not seem significant for men. Results are discussed in light of the limitations and future directions of the research in this field, as well as the ensuing practical implications.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of Culture Beliefs about Russia’s, Western and Eastern Civilizations among Creative Youth

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-197
Author(s):  
V.U. Litvinov ◽  
L.V. Matveeva
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Qualitative Difference ◽  
Cultural Representations ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
The World ◽  
Important Study ◽  
Moscow City ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Basic Constituent

Objective. The aim of this research was a comparative analysis of culture beliefs about Russia’s, Eastern and Western civilizations among the youth of Moscow City. Background. Civilization identity is the a basic constituent in forming of individual’s image of the world. Understanding and acceptance of civilization’s cultural particularities helps to save personal and social identity’s stability. But understanding of differences from other civilizations and comparison with them is no less important. Study design. The study examined the relationship between the various components of the cultural representations of civilizations. The presence and nature of the relationship was checked through correlation, qualitative and content analysis. Participants. 200 people (43% of men, 57% of women) from 18 to 2 years old, students of creative universities in Moscow, studying under the training programs for future media workers. Measurements. The study was carried out by the method of questioning, including the associative method, the method of unfinished sentences, closed and open questions. Results. The research’s results proved the hypothesis that culture beliefs of Russia’s youth are qualitatively different for each of the presented civilizations. Besides, the research discovered differences related to gender. Russia’s and Eastern civilizations turned out to be the closest for male according to the research’s results, and for female — Russia’s and Western civilizations respectively. Conclusions. There is a qualitative difference between the cultural ideas of Russian, Western and Eastern civilizations among Russian youth.

scholarly journals A Samoan Sense of Self

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-113
Author(s):  
Karlene Mamea ◽  
Julia Ioane ◽  
Peter Slater
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Psychodynamic Theory ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Traditional Stories

How is a Samoan sense of self created and used? This article explores Samoan concepts of self within traditional stories. Implications for therapy as a Samoan therapist, or with Samoan clients are offered, with reflections on the nature of the relationship between Samoan understandings of self and psychodynamic theory. Whakarāpopotonga Pēhea ai te whakaara, te whakamahi kiritau o te tairongo Hāmoana. E tūhurua ana e tēnei tuhinga ngā ariā kiritau i roto i ngā kōrero tūturu. Ko ngā tohu haumanu mā te kaihaumanu Hāmoana, mō ngā kiritaki Hāmoana rānei e hoatu tahi ana me ngā whakahoki maharahana ki te āhua o te whanaungatanga i waenga i te mātauranga Hāmoana mōna ake me te aria whakanekenekenga hinengaro.

scholarly journals Bodily disintegration and successful ageing in Body Bereft by Antjie Krog

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoinette Pretorius
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Successful Ageing ◽  
Ageing Body ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

Antjie Krog’s Body Bereft (2006) details both the bodily changes brought about by older age and the ways in which these changes fracture a person’s previously-stable sense of self. This article reads Krog’s depiction of the ageing body in a small selection of poems from this collection in relation to the unavoidable reality of bodily decay and what is referred to in gerontological theory as ‘successful ageing’. This tension dominates large parts of the gerontological field, and can be seen in Krog’s ambivalent representation of older age in Body Bereft. Through close readings of a number of poems, I will investigate the ways in which Krog problematises the relationship between the lived experience of older age with its concomitant sense of deterioration, and the societal impetus to age well and accept ageing with magnanimity. I will demonstrate that this collection foregrounds the poet’s refusal to accept pre-existing discourses that delimit ageing as something either to bemoan or celebrate. I will conclude that this refusal finds particular expression in her poems “dommelfei / crone in the woods” and “how do you say this”.

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