scholarly journals Uptake of Covid-19 preventive measures among 10 immigrant ethnic groups in Norway

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdi Gele ◽  
Naima Said Sheikh ◽  
Prabhjot Kour ◽  
Samera Azeem Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Integration Of Immigrants ◽  
Economic Barriers ◽  
The Impact

Background: A pessimistic view of the impact of Covid-19 on immigrants has generated an interest in exploring the role of socio-economic and cultural factors on excess infection, hospitalization and death among immigrants. Nowhere in the world is such interest more palpable than in Western countries, including Norway. An expanding amount of literature has demonstrated that preexisting socio-economic inequalities have affected Covid-19 control programs through a disruption of immigrants uptake to preventive measures. Nonetheless, until very recently, no qualitative research has been conducted to address the impact of socio-economic and socio-cultural factors on immigrants uptake on preventive measures of Covid-19 in Norway. Methods: An interview-based qualitative study consisting of 88 participants (49 women and 39 men) from 10 immigrant ethnic groups were carried out. Participants were recruited through purposive sampling and snowballing. In-depth interviews were held through telephone or online for those who have experience in the use of zoom or teams. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis Results: We found that participants attitudes toward the pandemic in general, and more specifically their adherence to preventive measures, have increased over time. However, the number of barriers that hinder immigrants from adhering to preventive measures were identified and classified more broadly into three main subthemes: 1) socio-economic barriers; 2) socio-cultural barriers, and 3) other barriers. Socio-economic barriers include overcrowded households, working in first-line jobs, education and language. Socio-cultural barriers include collectivist culture, religious fatalism and risk perception toward the pandemic. Conclusion: To reduce the health inequality that arises from overcrowded housing, there is a need for a long-term strategy to help improve the housing situation of low-income immigrant families that live in overcrowded households. In addition, increasing health literacy and more generally, the integration of immigrants, may also reduce the effect of socio-cultural factors on an immigrant's uptake of preventive measures.

The impact of low income on long-term mortality of myocardial infarction patients: results from the Brazilian Heart Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Joaquim Barreto ◽  
Luís Carlos V. Matos ◽  
José Carlos Quinaglia ◽  
Andrei C. Sposito ◽  
Luiz Sergio Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Long Term Mortality

scholarly journals Imagining Her Future: Diversity in Mothers’ Socialization Goals for Their Adolescent Daughters

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Ramirez ◽  
Linda Oshin ◽  
Stephanie Milan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African American ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Low Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Traits ◽  
Socialization Goals ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Q Sort

According to developmental niche theory, members of different cultural and ethnic groups often have distinct ideas about what children need to become well-adapted adults. These beliefs are reflected in parents’ long-term socialization goals for their children. In this study, we test whether specific themes that have been deemed important in literature on diverse families in the United States (e.g., Strong Black Woman [SBW], marianismo, familismo) are evident in mothers’ long-term socialization goals. Participants included 192 mothers of teenage daughters from a low-income city in the United States (58% Latina, 22% African American, and 20% European American [EA]/White). Socialization goals were assessed through a q-sort task on important traits for a woman to possess and content analysis of open-ended responses about what values mothers hoped they would transmit to their daughters as they become adults. Results from ANCOVAs and logistic regression indicate significant racial/ethnic differences on both tasks consistent with hypotheses. On the q-sort task, African American mothers put more importance on women possessing traits such as independence than mothers from other racial/ethnic groups. Similarly, they were more likely to emphasize self-confidence and strength in what they hoped to transmit to their daughters. Contrary to expectation, Latina mothers did not emphasize social traits on the q-sort; however, in open-ended responses, they were more likely to focus on the importance of motherhood, one aspect of marianismo and familismo. Overall, results suggest that these mothers’ long-term socialization goals incorporate culturally relevant values considered important for African American and Latino families.

Not Only Individualism: The Effects of Long-Term Orientation and Other Cultural Variables on National Innovation Success

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Bukowski ◽  
Seweryn Rudnicki
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Support ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Causal Mechanism ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Cultural Predictors ◽  
Cultural Variables ◽  
Single Pattern ◽  
The Impact

This article re-examines the effects of culture on national innovation rates. Pointing to the innovation success of some East Asian countries, it argues that the cultural dimension of individualism is not able to fully account for the role of culture in national innovativeness, and there is a need to include a wider set of cultural factors in the analysis. Several competing measures of national innovation performance over the last decade and Hofstede’s measures of culture, as well as their recently revised versions proposed by Minkov and collaborators, are employed to test the hypotheses. The findings show that, apart from individualism, long-term orientation, and flexibility, the dimensions omitted in the prior studies are positive and strong cultural predictors of national innovation intensity, whereas the role of other cultural factors finds little empirical support. The study suggests that there is no single pattern for the impact of culture on national innovation rates that should be taken into account in seeking effective innovation strategies and policies. It also highlights the need to advance the understanding of the causal mechanism between culture and innovativeness to guide further theoretical and empirical analysis.

Prepaid debit cards and banking intention

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia T. Anong ◽  
Aditi Routh
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Transtheoretical Model ◽  
Customer Segmentation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Bank Account ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Debit Card ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Debit Cards

PurposeThis study examines the relationship between prepaid debit card use and the intention to open a bank account within twelve months. The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) of Behavior Change helped to conceptualize one's stage in the process of changing from unbanked status if desired. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) provided a framework to examine factors that influence banking intention. Prepaid debit card use is considered a social norm as it is a popular alternative to banking, and these accounts have increasingly mimicked bank account features in recent years.Design/methodology/approachThree in-depth focus group interviews with low-income respondents were first conducted in 2012, which revealed a prolific use of prepaid debit cards. Most participants had previous banking history, and despite negative experiences, some requested information about banking terms and “free” banking. These themes and previous studies informed a TPB-based biprobit model, which was estimated using data of an unbanked sample from 2013, 2015 and 2017 waves of the US Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households.FindingsThough there was banking interest in the focus groups, no significant empirical association was found between recent prepaid debit card use and banking intention. Going deeper with another sample, we found that current cardholders were equally likely to have become recently banked or to be long-term unbanked but less likely to be long-term banked. Also, factors such as a more recent relationship with banks, use of other alternative financial services for transactions and credit, smartphone ownership, and trust increase banking intention.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation of the study is the cross-section quantitative data. Future research may track banking status over time, particularly as financial technology (fintech) evolves with alternatives that may influence banks and customers to adapt.Practical implicationsTo compete with “leapfrog” fintech banking alternatives, bank managers should consider utilizing customer segmentation to target “at-risk” customers and former customers with products and terms tailored to meet their banking needs. Banks can also tailor digital products to capture markets in banking desserts through mobile phones.Originality/valueThis mixed-methods study is unique in that it builds on insights from earlier in-depth interviews with real unbanked groups to examine a trend in prepaid debit card use and the impact on banking interest.

Schoolinary art: practical cooking skills issues for the future

2015 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 629-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn Mc Dowell ◽  
Una McMahon-Beattie ◽  
Amy Burns
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Home Economics ◽  
Structured Learning ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cooking Skills ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to consider the importance of structured and consistent practical cookery skills intervention in the 11-14-year age group. This paper reviews the impact and development of statutory and non-statutory cooking skills interventions in the UK and considers limitations in relation to life skills training. Currently practical cooking skills are mainly derived from two sources namely the non-statutory sector (community cooking interventions) and the statutory sector (Home Economics teaching). Design/methodology/approach – The paper compares the two interventions in terms of effective long-term outcomes. Non-statutory cooking interventions are generally lottery funded and therefore tend to be single teaching blocks of, on average, six to eight weeks targeting mostly low-income adults and the literature emphasises a deficit of empirical measurement of the long-term impact. In contrast Home Economics classes offer a structured learning environment across genders and socio-economic groups. In addition it is taught over a substantial time frame to facilitate a process of practical skills development (with relevant theoretical teaching), reflection, group communication and consolidation, where according to current educational theory (Kolb, 1984) learning is more thoroughly embedded with the increased potential for longer term impact. Findings – The review identifies the limitations of too many community initiatives or “project-itis” (Caraher, 2012, p. 10) and instead supports the use of the school curriculum to best maximise the learning of practical cooking skills. Originality/value – This review will be of particular value to educationalists and health policy decision makers.

scholarly journals Catalyst or Crown: Does Naturalization Promote the Long-Term Social Integration of Immigrants?

2017 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
JENS HAINMUELLER ◽  
DOMINIK HANGARTNER ◽  
GIUSEPPE PIETRANTUONO
Keyword(s):  
Social Integration ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Random Assignment ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Policy Paradigm ◽  
The Social ◽  
Integration Of Immigrants ◽  
The Impact

We study the impact of naturalization on the long-term social integration of immigrants into the host country society. Despite ongoing debates about citizenship policy, we lack reliable evidence that isolates the causal effect of naturalization from the nonrandom selection into naturalization. We exploit the quasi-random assignment of citizenship in Swiss municipalities that used referendums to decide on naturalization applications of immigrants. Comparing otherwise similar immigrants who narrowly won or lost their naturalization referendums, we find that receiving Swiss citizenship strongly improved long-term social integration. We also find that the integration returns to naturalization are larger for more marginalized immigrant groups and when naturalization occurs earlier, rather than later in the residency period. Overall, our findings support the policy paradigm arguing that naturalization is a catalyst for improving the social integration of immigrants rather than merely the crown on the completed integration process.

scholarly journals Long-term trends of hospital admissions among patients with cancer following the 2015 earthquake: a single institution observational study in Kathmandu, Nepal

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e026746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anup Uprety ◽  
Akihiko Ozaki ◽  
Asaka Higuchi ◽  
Bikal Ghimire ◽  
Toyoaki Sawano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patient ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Nepal Earthquake ◽  
Patient Admissions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
2015 Nepal Earthquake

ObjectivesLittle is known regarding how natural disasters affect patients with cancer in low-income and middle-income countries. The objective of the present study was to assess the impact of the 2015 Nepal earthquake on the admission of patients with cancer at a core medical institution in Kathmandu.Design, setting and participantsWe considered all 3520 cancer patient admissions to Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, from 25 April 2013 to 24 April 2017 (2 years before and 2 years after the earthquake).Outcome measuresThe number of cancer patient admissions was calculated for each month. Using a negative binomial model, we estimated the incidence rate ratio (IRR) for admission numbers each month after the earthquake compared with the pre-earthquake baseline and investigated chronological change.ResultsThe total admission number in the first month after the earthquake was decreased compared with that of the predisaster baseline (IRR=0.66, 95% CI 0.43 to 1.00), which largely reflected decreased admissions of patients from outside of the most disaster-affected districts. From the second month, the admission number consistently exceeded the predisaster baseline for the remaining postdisaster period. In contrast to the month of the disaster, the continuation of increased admissions was most prominent among those from outside of the most affected districts.ConclusionsAfter a transient decrease immediately following the 2015 Nepal earthquake, there was a long-term increase in cancer patient admissions in a core hospital in Kathmandu. These changes were seen most prominently in patients from outside the most disaster affected areas.

Privatisation of Housing and the Impact of the Conservative Government's Initiatives on Low-Cost Homeownership and Private Renting between 1979 and 1984 in England and Wales: 3. Impact and Evaluation of Low-Cost Homeownership Policy

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 901-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
A D H Crook
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Private Renting ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Low Income Groups ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Right To Buy

This is the third in a series of four papers describing and evaluating the British Government's policies of privatising housing. In this paper the research on the short-run impact of the low-cost homeownership programme is examined, by looking at the right to buy, shared ownership, improvement for sale, and homesteading, and at starter homes and licence schemes. The purchasers who have benefited from the programme are identified and the reasons for some of the failures of the policy to reach priority groups and areas of need are examined. An evaluation of the programme is made under three headings: the extent to which new investment is generated, the extent to which benefits are restricted to groups in need, and the long-term consequences of expanding homeownership amongst low-income groups. It is concluded that privatisation cannot be achieved without continued state support and regulation.

scholarly journals Pilot Study on the Impact of Biogas as a Fuel Source on Respiratory Health of Women on Rural Kenyan Smallholder Dairy Farms

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Dohoo ◽  
Judith Read Guernsey ◽  
Kimberley Critchley ◽  
John VanLeeuwen
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Respiratory Morbidity ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Difficulty Breathing ◽  
Referent Group ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
The Impact

Biomass burning in indoor environments has been highlighted as a major cause of respiratory morbidity for women and children in low-income countries. Inexpensive technological innovations which reduce such exposures are needed. This study evaluated the impact of low tech compost digesters, which generate biogas for cooking, versus traditional fuel sources on the respiratory health of nonsmoking Kenyan farmwomen. Women from 31 farms with biogas digesters were compared to age-matched women from 31 biomass-reliant farms, in June 2010. Only 43% of the biogas group reported any breathing problems, compared to 71% in the referent group (P=0.03). Referent women self-reported higher rates of shortness of breath (52% versus 30%), difficulty breathing (42% versus 23%), and chest pain while breathing (35% versus 17%) during the last 6 months (P=0.09to 0.12) compared to biogas women. Biogas women demonstrated slightly better spirometry results but differences were not statistically significant, likely due to limited latency between biogas digester installation and spirometry testing. Most biogas women reported improved personal respiratory health (87%) and improved children’s health (72%) since biogas digester installation. These findings suggest that using biogas in cookhouses improves respiratory symptoms but long-term impacts on lung function are unclear.

scholarly journals DAMPAK SOSIAL KONFLIK ETNIK DI KINALI 1999-2010

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
Welly Ibrahim ◽  
Ansofino Ansofino ◽  
Ahmad Nurul Huda
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Dominant Culture ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Impact

Kinali is an area inhabited by diverse ethnic with different cultures, namely Minangkabau, Mandailings, and Java. The area consists of diverse ethnic, there is always the potential for conflict. The conflict in 1999 between ethnic Minang and Mandailing in the wake of misunderstanding between the two warring ethnic ie ethnic Mandailing ethnic Minang and eventually led to a major conflict anarchistic. The impact of the conflict in the district Kinali West Pasaman on society viewed from social and cultural factors that people prefer not to socialize and interact with other ethnic groups, the social and economic factors of conflict have an impact on the decrease in public income and region for post-conflict societies choose to not interact and one of which is not to the market. Social factors are political, namely the attitude of the ethnic Mandailing are not adaptive in the pattern of relationship with the dominant culture in Kinali caused by the attitude of discriminative ethnic Minang in Kinali against ethnic Mandailing in various facets of life which they live for these finally bear aversion to mambaur and mingle normal and reasonable.Kinali adalah daerah yang ditinggali beragam etnik dengan latar budaya yang berbeda, yakni etnik Minankabau, Mandailing, dan Jawa. Daerah yang terdiri dari beragam etnik, selalu ada potensi munculnya konflik. Konflik yang terjadi pada tahun 1999 antara etnik Minang dan etnik Mandailing di latarbelakangi karena kesalahpahaman antara kedua etnik yang bertikai yaitu etnik Minang dan etnik Mandailing akhirnya berujung ke konflik besar yang bersifat anarkis. Dampak dari konflik di Kecamatan Kinali Pasaman Barat terhadap masyarakat dilihat dari faktor sosial budaya yaitu masyarakat lebih memilih untuk tidak bersosialisasi dan berinteraksi dengan etnik lain, pada faktor sosial ekonomi konflik berdampak kepada terjadinya penurunan penghasilan masyarakat dan daerah karena pasca konflik masyarakat memilih untuk tidak berinteraksi dan salah satunya tidak kepasar. Faktor sosial politik yaitu sikap orang etnik Mandailing yang tidak adaptif dalam pola hubungannya dengan kebudayaan dominan yang ada di Kinali disebabkan oleh sikap deskriminatif etnik Minang di Kinali terhadap etnik Mandailing dalam berbagai segi kehidupan yang mereka jalani selama ini yang akhirnya berbuah keengganan untuk mambaur dan bergaul secara normal dan wajar.

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