Oligodendrocytes are a lifelong source of nuclear and ribosomal material for neurons in the mouse brain

Nuclear and ribosomal components define cell identity and function by regulating chromatin dynamics, gene expression, and protein turnover. Here we report that in the mouse central nervous system (CNS) under normal conditions, neurons accumulate nuclear and ribosomal material of oligodendrocyte (OL) origin. We show that neuronal accumulation of OL-derived nuclear and ribosomal material is brain area-specific, and in the cortex and hippocampal dentate gyrus gradually propagates during postnatal brain maturation. We further demonstrate that OL-to-neuron material transfer persists throughout adulthood and responds to neuroinflammation. We found that satellite OL of the gray matter form internuclear contacts with receiving neurons in the mouse brain. Similar close internuclear associations between satellite OL and neurons are present in the adult human cortex. Our findings provide the first evidence of wide-spread dynamic and selective OL-to-neuron nuclear and ribosomal material transfer in the mouse CNS and indicate that satellite OL serve as powerful mediators of neuronal function. Equivalent processes may occur in the human CNS and cause neurological disorders when dysregulated.

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Deubiquitylating enzymes in neuronal health and disease

Cell Death and Disease ◽

10.1038/s41419-020-03361-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fatima Amer-Sarsour ◽

Alina Kordonsky ◽

Yevgeny Berdichevsky ◽

Gali Prag ◽

Avraham Ashkenazi

Keyword(s):

Human Brain ◽

Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Pivotal Role ◽

Protein Homeostasis ◽

Neuronal Function ◽

Health And Disease ◽

And Function

AbstractUbiquitylation and deubiquitylation play a pivotal role in protein homeostasis (proteostasis). Proteostasis shapes the proteome landscape in the human brain and its impairment is linked to neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Here we discuss the emerging roles of deubiquitylating enzymes in neuronal function and survival. We provide an updated perspective on the genetics, physiology, structure, and function of deubiquitylases in neuronal health and disease.

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Pyruvate to Lactate Metabolic Changes during Neurodevelopment Measured Dynamically Using Hyperpolarized 13C Imaging in Juvenile Murine Brain

Developmental Neuroscience ◽

10.1159/000439271 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 34-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Yiran Chen ◽

Hosung Kim ◽

Robert Bok ◽

Subramaniam Sukumar ◽

Xin Mu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Mouse Brain ◽

Brain Volume ◽

Metabolic Changes ◽

Brain Maturation ◽

Multiple Time ◽

Total Brain Volume ◽

Hyperpolarized 13C ◽

Total Brain

Hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance imaging has recently been used to dynamically image metabolism in vivo. This technique provides the capability to investigate metabolic changes in mouse brain development over multiple time points. In this study, we used 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging and hyperpolarized 13C-1-labeled pyruvate to analyze its conversion into lactate. We also applied T2-weighted anatomical imaging to examine brain volume changes starting from postnatal day 18 (P18). We combined these results with body weight measurements for a comprehensive interpretation of mouse brain maturation. Both the produced lactate level and pyruvate to lactate conversion rate decreased with increasing age in a linear manner. Total brain volume remained the same after P18, even though body weight continued to grow exponentially. Our results have shown that the rate of metabolism of 13C-1 pyruvate to lactate in brain is high in the young mouse and decreases with age. The brain at P18 is still relatively immature and continues to develop even as the total brain volume remains the same.

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Brain-specific ceramide synthesis activity: change during brain maturation and in jimpy mouse brain

Brain Research ◽

10.1016/0006-8993(82)90296-7 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 232 (2) ◽

pp. 500-505 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Inderjit Singh ◽

Yasuo Kishimoto

Keyword(s):

Mouse Brain ◽

Brain Maturation ◽

Activity Change ◽

Ceramide Synthesis ◽

Jimpy Mouse ◽

Synthesis Activity

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Neurodevelopment in the first three years: implications for child development, professional practice and policy

Journal of Children s Services ◽

10.1108/jcs-01-2014-0005 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 154-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Danya Glaser

Keyword(s):

Brain Development ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Brain Maturation ◽

Policy And Practice ◽

Content Type ◽

Key Issues ◽

And Function ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Brain ◽

Brain Connections

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to outline brain structure and development, the relationship between environment and brain development and implications for practice. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on a selected review of the literature and clinical experience. Findings – While genetics determine the sequence of brain maturation, the nature of brain development and functioning is determined by the young child's caregiving environment, to which the developing brain constantly adapts. The absence of input during sensitive periods may lead to later reduced functioning. There is an undoubted immediate equivalence between every mind function – emotion, cognition, behaviour and brain activity, although the precise location of this in the brain is only very partially determinable, since brain connections and function are extremely complex. Originality/value – This paper provides an overview of key issues in neurodevelopment relating to the development of young children, and implications for policy and practice.

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Flexible annotation atlas of the mouse brain: combining and dividing brain structures of the Allen Brain Atlas while maintaining anatomical hierarchy

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-85807-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Norio Takata ◽

Nobuhiko Sato ◽

Yuji Komaki ◽

Hideyuki Okano ◽

Kenji F. Tanaka

Keyword(s):

Mouse Brain ◽

Brain Structures ◽

Brain Atlas ◽

Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽

Brain Science ◽

Step Procedure ◽

Public Resources ◽

Large Brain ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

And Function

AbstractA brain atlas is necessary for analyzing structure and function in neuroimaging research. Although various annotation volumes (AVs) for the mouse brain have been proposed, it is common in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the mouse brain that regions-of-interest (ROIs) for brain structures (nodes) are created arbitrarily according to each researcher’s necessity, leading to inconsistent ROIs among studies. One reason for such a situation is the fact that earlier AVs were fixed, i.e. combination and division of nodes were not implemented. This report presents a pipeline for constructing a flexible annotation atlas (FAA) of the mouse brain by leveraging public resources of the Allen Institute for Brain Science on brain structure, gene expression, and axonal projection. A mere two-step procedure with user-specified, text-based information and Python codes constructs FAA with nodes which can be combined or divided objectively while maintaining anatomical hierarchy of brain structures. Four FAAs with total node count of 4, 101, 866, and 1381 were demonstrated. Unique characteristics of FAA realized analysis of resting-state functional connectivity (FC) across the anatomical hierarchy and among cortical layers, which were thin but large brain structures. FAA can improve the consistency of whole brain ROI definition among laboratories by fulfilling various requests from researchers with its flexibility and reproducibility.

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Chromatin Enrichment for Proteomics in Plants (ChEP-P) Implicates the Histone Reader ALFIN-LIKE 6 in Jasmonate Signalling

10.21203/rs.3.rs-669473/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Isabel Cristina Vélez-Bermúdez ◽

Wolfgang Schmidt

Keyword(s):

Histone Variants ◽

Homeodomain Protein ◽

Chromatin Dynamics ◽

Histone 3 ◽

Plant Homeodomain ◽

Associated Proteins ◽

Bona Fide ◽

Covalent Modifications ◽

And Function

Abstract BackgroundCovalent modifications of core histonesgoverndownstream DNA-templated processes such as transcription by altering chromatin structure and function. Previously, we reported that the plant homeodomain protein ALFIN-LIKE6 (AL6), a bona fide histone reader that preferentially binds trimethylated lysin 4 on histone 3 (H3K4me3), is critical for recalibration of cellular phosphate (Pi) homeostasis and root hair elongation under Pi-deficient conditions. ResultsHere, we demonstrate that AL6 is also involved in the response of Arabidopsis seedlings to jasmonic acid (JA) during skotomorphogenesis, possibly by modulating chromatin dynamics that affect the transcriptional regulation of JA-responsivegenes. Dark-grown al6 seedlings showed a compromised reduction in hypocotyl elongation upon exogenously supplied JA, a response that was calibrated by the availability of Pi in the growth medium. A comparison of protein profiles between wild-type and al6 mutant seedlings using a quantitative Chromatin Enrichment for Proteomics (ChEP) approach,that we modified for plant tissue and designated ChEP-P (ChEP in Plants), yielded a comprehensive suite of chromatin-associated proteins and candidates that may be causative for the mutant phenotype. ConclusionsAltered abundance of proteins involved in chromatin organization in al6 seedlings suggests a role of AL6 in coordinating the deposition of histone variants upon perception of internal or environmental stimuli. Our study shows that ChEP-P is well suited to gain holistic insights into chromatin-related processes in plants. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD026541.

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A Connectomic Atlas of the Human Cerebrum—Chapter 13: Tractographic Description of the Inferior Fronto-Occipital Fasciculus

Operative Neurosurgery ◽

10.1093/ons/opy267 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. S436-S443 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andrew K Conner ◽

Robert G Briggs ◽

Goksel Sali ◽

Meherzad Rahimi ◽

Cordell M Baker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

White Matter ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Language Processing ◽

White Matter Tract ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Large White ◽

Human Cortex ◽

Human Connectome Project ◽

And Function

ABSTRACT The inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF) is a large white matter tract of the human cerebrum with functional connectivity associated with semantic language processing and goal-oriented behavior. However, little is known regarding the overall connectivity of this tract. Recently, the Human Connectome Project parcellated the human cortex into 180 distinct regions. In our other work, we have shown these various regions in relation to clinically applicable anatomy and function. Utilizing Diffusion Spectrum Magnetic Resonance Imaging tractography coupled with the human cortex parcellation data presented earlier in this supplement, we aim to describe the macro-connectome of the IFOF in relation to the linked parcellations present within the human cortex. The purpose of this study is to present this information in an indexed, illustrated, and tractographically aided series of figures and tables for anatomic and clinical reference.

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Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Alters Functional Properties of CA1 Hippocampal Neurons in Mouse Brain Slices

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21010276 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 276 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eric Bancroft ◽

Rahul Srinivasan ◽

Lee A. Shapiro

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Mouse Brain ◽

Migration Inhibitory Factor ◽

Hippocampal Neurons ◽

Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor ◽

Hippocampal Slices ◽

Inhibitory Factor ◽

Macrophage Migration ◽

Cns Injury ◽

Neuronal Function

Neuroinflammation is implicated in a host of neurological insults, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), ischemic stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and epilepsy. The immune response to central nervous system (CNS) injury involves sequelae including the release of numerous cytokines and chemokines. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), is one such cytokine that is elevated following CNS injury, and is associated with the prognosis of TBI, and ischemic stroke. MIF has been identified in astrocytes and neurons, and some of the trophic actions of MIF have been related to its direct and indirect actions on astrocytes. However, the potential modulation of CNS neuronal function by MIF has not yet been explored. This study tests the hypothesis that MIF can directly influence hippocampal neuronal function. MIF was microinjected into the hippocampus and the genetically encoded calcium indicator, GCaMP6f, was used to measure Ca2+ events in acute adult mouse brain hippocampal slices. Results demonstrated that a single injection of 200 ng MIF into the hippocampus significantly increased baseline calcium signals in CA1 pyramidal neuron somata, and altered calcium responses to N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) + D-serine in pyramidal cell apical dendrites located in the stratum radiatum. These data are the first to show direct effects of MIF on hippocampal neurons and on NMDA receptor function. Considering that MIF is elevated after brain insults such as TBI, the data suggest that, in addition to the previously described role of MIF in astrocyte reactivity, elevated MIF can have significant effects on neuronal function in the hippocampus.

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