scholarly journals A 3D printable device allowing fast and reproducible longitudinal preparation of mouse intestines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beckey DeLucia ◽  
Sergey Samorezov ◽  
Megan T Zangara ◽  
Rachel L Markley ◽  
Lucas J Osborn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Preclinical Models ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Skill Levels ◽  
Intestinal Pathology ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Reproducible Analysis

AbstractAccurate and reproducible analysis of mouse small and large intestinal lumen is key for research involving intestinal pathology in preclinical models. Currently, there is no easily accessible, standardized method that allows researchers of different skill levels to consistently dissect intestines in a time-efficient manner. Here, we describe the design and use of the 3D printed “Mouse Intestinal Slicing Tool” (MIST), which can be used to longitudinally prepare murine intestines for further analysis. We benchmarked the MIST against a commonly used procedure involving scissors to make a longitudinal cut along the intestines. Use of the MIST halved the time per mouse to prepare the intestines and outperformed alternative methods in smoothness of the cutting edge and general reproducibility. By sharing the plans for printing the MIST, we hope to contribute a uniformly applicable method for saving time and increasing consistency in studies of the mouse gastrointestinal tract.

Effect of Intraduodenal Starch Infusion on Net Portal Absorption of Amino Acids in Growing steers Fed Lucerne

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 28-28
Author(s):  
C.J. Seal ◽  
D.S. Parker ◽  
J.C. MacRae ◽  
G.E. Lobley
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Protein Turnover ◽  
Portal Blood ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Net Uptake ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements ◽  
Glucose Availability

Amino acid requirements for energy metabolism and protein turnover within the gastrointestinal tract are substantial and may be met from luminal and arterial pools of amino acids. Several studies have demonstrated that the quantity of amino acids appearing in the portal blood does not balance apparent disappearance from the intestinal lumen and that changing diet or the availability of energy-yielding substrates to the gut tissues may influence the uptake of amino acids into the portal blood (Seal & Reynolds, 1993). For example, increased net absorption of amino acids was observed in animals receiving exogenous intraruminal propionate (Seal & Parker, 1991) and this was accompanied by changes in glucose utilisation by the gut tissues. In contrast, there was no apparent change in net uptake of [l-13C]-leucine into the portal vein of sheep receiving short term intraduodenal infusions of glucose (Piccioli Cappelli et al, 1993). This experiment was designed to further investigate the effects on amino acid absorption of changing glucose availability to the gut with short term (seven hours) or prolonged (three days) exposure to starch infused directly into the duodenum.

scholarly journals The Physicochemical Properties of Decellularized Extracellular Matrix-Coated 3D Printed Poly(ε-caprolactone) Nerve Conduits for Promoting Schwann Cells Proliferation and Differentiation

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung-Chia Chen ◽  
Joyce Yu ◽  
Hooi-Yee Ng ◽  
Alvin Lee ◽  
Chien-Chang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Specific Class ◽  
Nerve Grafting ◽  
Decellularized Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Nerve Conduits ◽  
3D Printed

Although autologous nerve grafting remains the gold standard treatment for peripheral nerve injuries, alternative methods such as development of nerve guidance conduits have since emerged and evolved to counter the many disadvantages of nerve grafting. However, the efficacy and viability of current nerve conduits remain unclear in clinical trials. Here, we focused on a novel decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) and polydopamine (PDA)-coated 3D-printed poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)-based conduits, whereby the PDA surface modification acts as an attachment platform for further dECM attachment. We demonstrated that dECM/PDA-coated PCL conduits possessed higher mechanical properties when compared to human or animal nerves. Such modifications were proved to affect cell behaviors. Cellular behaviors and neuronal differentiation of Schwann cells were assessed to determine for the efficacies of the conduits. There were some cell-specific neuronal markers, such as Nestin, neuron-specific class III beta-tubulin (TUJ-1), and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Nestin expressions were found to be 0.65-fold up-regulated, while TUJ1 expressions were 2.3-fold up-regulated and MAP2 expressions were 2.5-fold up-regulated when compared to Ctl. The methodology of PDA coating employed in this study can be used as a simple model to immobilize dECM onto PCL conduits, and the results showed that dECM/PDA-coated PCL conduits can as a practical and clinically viable tool for promoting regenerative outcomes in larger peripheral nerve defects.

scholarly journals An Elusive Bullet in the Gastrointestinal Tract: A Rare Case of Bullet Embolism in the Gastrointestinal Tract and a Review of Relevant Literature

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saptarshi Biswas ◽  
Catherine Price ◽  
Sunil Abrol
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Gunshot Wound ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Late Presentation ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Unique Case

Bullet embolism within the gastrointestinal system is extremely rare. Such bullet injuries are infrequently covered in the general literature, but the surgeon should be aware of the phenomenon. Smaller caliber bullets are more common in civilian gunshot wound (GSW) events. These bullets are able to tumble through the gastrointestinal tract and cause perforation of the intestinal lumen which is small enough to be easily missed. Bullets retained in the abdominal cavity should not be dismissed as fixed and should be carefully monitored to ensure that they do not embolize within the bowel and cause occult lesions during their migration. We present a unique case wherein a bullet caused a minute perforation in the small bowel, before migrating to the distal colon, which resulted in late presentation of sepsis secondary to peritonitis.

scholarly journals Rapid Protection of Gnotobiotic Pigs against Experimental Salmonellosis following Induction of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes by Avirulent Salmonella enterica

2003 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 2182-2191 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Foster ◽  
M. A. Lovell ◽  
K. L. Marston ◽  
S. D. Hulme ◽  
A. J. Frost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Epithelial Cell Line ◽  
Intestinal Pathology ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Gnotobiotic Pigs

ABSTRACT Oral inoculation of 5-day-old gnotobiotic pigs with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain F98 resulted in severe enteritis and invasive disease. Preinoculation 24 h earlier with an avirulent mutant of Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis (1326/28) completely prevented disease for up to 14 days (when the experiment was terminated). S. enterica serovar Infantis colonized the alimentary tract well, with high bacterial counts in the intestinal lumen but with almost no invasion into the tissues. Unprotected pigs had high S. enterica serovar Typhimurium counts in the intestines, blood, and major nonintestinal organs. Recovery of this strain from the blood and major organs in S. enterica serovar Infantis-protected pigs was substantially reduced despite the fact that intestinal counts were also very high. Protection against disease thus did not involve a colonization exclusion phenomenon. Significant (P < 0.05) infiltration of monocytes/macrophages was observed in the submucosal regions of the intestines of both S. enterica serovar Infantis-protected S. enterica serovar Typhimurium-challenged pigs and unprotected S. enterica serovar Typhimurium-challenged pigs. However, only polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) were observed throughout the villus, where significant (P < 0.05) numbers infiltrated the lamina propria and the subnuclear and supranuclear regions of the epithelia, indicating that PMN induction and positioning following S. enterica serovar Infantis inoculation was consistent with rapid protection against the challenge strain. Similarly, in vitro experiments using a human fetal intestinal epithelial cell line (INT 407) demonstrated that, although significantly (P < 0.05) fewer S. enterica serovar Infantis than S. enterica serovar Typhimurium organisms invaded the monolayers, S. enterica serovar Infantis induced an NF-κB response and significantly (P < 0.05) raised interleukin 8 levels and transmigration of porcine PMN. The results of this study suggest that attenuated Salmonella strains can protect the immature intestine against clinical salmonellosis by PMN induction. They also demonstrate that PMN induction is not necessarily associated with clinical symptoms and/or intestinal pathology.

scholarly journals Alternative Divulgation of the Local Sculptural Heritage: Construction of Paper Toys and Use of the Minecraft Video Game

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecile Meier ◽  
Jose Saorín ◽  
Jorge de la Torre-Cantero ◽  
Manuel Díaz-Alemán
Keyword(s):  
Video Game ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Cultural Patrimony ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
The One

At present it is easy to digitalize sculptural heritage in 3D. Three-dimensional models allow for visualization of the work from all angles. The result can be seen in three-dimensional visors, in virtual reality, or by means of 3D-printed replicas. However, the recipient continues to be, as is also the case in books and videos, a passive spectator of the cultural patrimony. In order to promote participation and to increase interest in local heritage, alternative methods for promotion of the digital patrimony have been developed. In this article, two means of publicizing local (less-known) heritage in an active manner have been described. On the one hand, the transformation of 3D models into cut-outs (paper toys) where it is necessary to make the sculptures by hand, and on the other hand, the incorporation of the models into the video game Minecraft, an immersed 3D world which permits visiting or generating content. To validate these alternatives, two examples based on the sculptures of Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Spain) have been created, and they have been used in pilot studies in schools in order to obtain a first appraisal of user satisfaction.

Fate of dietary glutathione: disposition in the gastrointestinal tract

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (4) ◽  
pp. G530-G535 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Hagen ◽  
G. T. Wierzbicka ◽  
B. B. Bowman ◽  
T. Y. Aw ◽  
D. P. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Glutathione Disulfide ◽  
Semisynthetic Diet ◽  
Gamma Glutamyltransferase ◽  
Physiological Importance ◽  
Fasted Rats ◽  
Absorption Measurements

Studies were performed in rats that had been fasted 24 h, fed a glutathione (GSH)-free semisynthetic diet (AIN-76), and fed the same diet supplemented with GSH. The results from the fasted rats and those fed GSH-free diet showed that the duodenum and jejunum contained 0.2-0.5 mumol of GSH/gram wet wt of luminal contents. The GSH contents of biliary juice was sufficient to maintain this amount of GSH in the intestinal lumen. Other analyses showed that cell sloughing, bacterial GSH content, and GSH secretion by epithelial cells of the jejunum were not sufficient to account for this content. GSH concentrations following consumption of a GSH-supplemented diet (5-50 mg/g AIN-76) showed a rapid increase in all regions of the small intestine and indicated that removal occurred primarily in the jejunum. However, the combined activities of brush-border gamma-glutamyltransferase and GSH uptake systems were not sufficient to remove all of the ingested GSH. Results from in situ vascular perfusions of small intestine showed that the upper jejunum is a principal site of GSH absorption. Measurements of the GSH-to-glutathione disulfide (GSSG) ratio in the lumen after ingestion of GSSG (5 mg/g diet) indicated that the upper small intestine also has a mechanism for reducing GSSG to GSH. The results therefore indicate that GSH is present in the lumen of the small intestine of rat under most if not all conditions. Although the physiological importance of luminal GSH remains unclear, it could potentially be used to detoxify reactive electrophiles in the diet or be absorbed for intracellular detoxication reactions.

scholarly journals TURNOVER OF S35-SULFATE IN THE MUCOSA OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF RATS AS SEEN IN AUTORADIOGRAMS

1956 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic D. Dziewiatkowski
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Intense Reaction ◽  
Lower Intestine

Segments of the gastrointestinal tract removed from rats after intervals of time following injection of S35-sulfate were fixed in aqueous formalin and then washed in water. Contact and coated autoradiograms were prepared. The suggestion made by others that more of the labelled sulfate is fixed by the mucosa than by the underlying coats of the gastrointestinal tract is confirmed. In addition it was found that the isotope is fixed to a greater extent in the lower intestine than in the middle or upper portions of it. Coated autoradiograms revealed that 6 hours after administration of S35-sulfate more of the label was present in the goblet cells lying deep in the crypts of the mucosa than in those adjacent to the intestinal lumen. By the 24th hour the concentration of the isotope was strikingly higher and more uniform from cell to cell. The mucus in the intestinal lumen was also highly radioactive. At the end of 48 hours very little of the sulfur-35 remained in the intestinal wall or could be made out in the mucus of the lumen: the autoradiographic reaction was faint and diffuse as contrasted with the punctiform and intense reaction given by the specimens removed at the end of shorter intervals of time.

scholarly journals Review of Laboraotory and Clinical Studies of Olestra, a Nonabsorbable Lipid

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 137-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn M Bergholz ◽  
Ronald J Jandacek ◽  
Alan BR Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Bowel Function ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
The Status ◽  
Fecal Ph

The classical understanding of fat digestion and absorption is provided as background for a review of research on olestra, a triglyceride-derived lipid that is not digested or absorbed from the intestinal lumen. Olestra (formerly ‘sucrose polyester’) is the generic name proposed for the mixture of the hexa, hepta and octa long chain fatty acid esters of sucrose. Olestra has the physical properties of fat and can therefore function as a zero calorie fat replacement in foods. The fate and effects of olestra in the gastrointestinal tract have been extensively investigated in animals and humans. Evidence from a variety of studies shows that olestra is not digested or absorbed and is not metabolized by colonic microflora. Feeding studies in five different species of animals show that olestra is nontoxic and noncarcinogenic, and causes no morphological changes in any tissues of the gastrointestinal tract. Consumption of olestra foods does not alter gastric emptying, transit through the small and large bowel, bile acid physiology, bowel function, or fecal pH, water and electrolytes. Nutritional research shows no effect on absorption of macronutrients. Highly lipophilic materials such as cholesterol and vitamin E have the potential to partition into olestra, thereby decreasing their solubilization in intestinal micelles and subsequent absorption. Clinical research shows a modest reduction in serum cholesterol and vitamin E levels. The effect on vitamin E absorption can be offset by supplementation of olestra with vitamin E. The status of vitamins D and K and absorption of lipophilic drugs are not altered by daily consumption of 18 g olestra. Although serum retinol levels are not reduced, additional research is focusing on effects of olestra on hepatic stores of vitamin A to assess the appropriateness of supplementation. Using olestra to reduce the amount of fat in high fat foods, without affecting other nutrient, should contribute to a diet lower in energy from fat and higher in energy from carbohydrate.

scholarly journals Development of 3D Printed Drug-Eluting Scaffolds for Preventing Piercing Infection

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 901
Author(s):  
Emad Naseri ◽  
Christopher Cartmell ◽  
Matthew Saab ◽  
Russell G. Kerr ◽  
Ali Ahmadi
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Drug Eluting ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Novel Drug ◽  
3D Printing Technique

Herein, novel drug-eluting, bio-absorbable scaffold intended to cover piercing studs is introduced. This “biopierce” will stay in human tissue following piercing, and will slowly release an antimicrobial agent to prevent infection while the wound heals. Nearly 20% of all piercings lead to local infection. Therefore, it is imperative to develop alternative methods of piercing aftercare to prevent infection. Biopierces were made using mupirocin loaded poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) biomaterial ink, and a low-temperature 3D printing technique was used to fabricate the biopierces. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy was used to confirm the complete removal of the solvent, and liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) was used to confirm the structural integrity of mupirocin and to quantify the amount of the released drug over time. The efficacy of the biopierces against Staphylococcus aureus, one of the most common piercing-site pathogens, was confirmed over two weeks using in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

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